Organic and inorganic gunshot residues on the hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of shooters 30 min after a discharge.

During the investigation of firearm-related incidents, gunshot residues (GSR) can be collected on the scene and individuals (e.g., shooters or bystanders).

Artificial selection improves pollutant degradation by bacterial communities.

Artificial selection is a promising way to improve microbial community functions, but previous experiments have only shown moderate success. Here, we experimentally evaluate a new method that was inspired by genetic algorithms to artificially select small bacterial communities of known species composition based on their degradation of an industrial pollutant. Starting from 29 randomly generated four-species communities, we repeatedly grew communities for four days, selected the 10 best-degrading communities, and rearranged them into 29 new communities composed of four species of equal ratios whose species compositions resembled those of the most successful communities from the previous round.

Trust, trustworthiness and AI governance.

An emerging issue in AI alignment is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) by public authorities, and specifically the integration of algorithmic decision-making (ADM) into core state functions. In this context, the alignment of AI with the values related to the notions of trust and trustworthiness constitutes a particularly sensitive problem from a theoretical, empirical, and normative perspective. In this paper, we offer an interdisciplinary overview of the scholarship on trust in sociology, political science, and computer science anchored in artificial intelligence.

Optical Nanomotion Detection to Rapidly Discriminate between Fungicidal and Fungistatic Effects of Antifungals on Single-Cell .

is an emerging pathogen that poses a significant challenge due to its multidrug-resistant nature. There are two types of antifungal agents, fungicidal and fungistatic, with distinct mechanisms of action against fungal pathogens. Fungicidal agents kill fungal pathogens, whereas fungistatic agents inhibit their growth.

Are physical activity referral scheme components associated with increased physical activity, scheme uptake, and adherence rate? A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are composed of various components, such as a written prescription or a person-centered approach. The role of these components in their effectiveness is yet to be understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationships between PARS components and physical activity, scheme uptake, and adherence rate; and to estimate the effect of PARS.

Clustering technical approaches of elite and world-class pole vaulters based on 10 years of measurement during competitions.

Recently, a variety of technical approaches in world-class pole-vaulters' behaviour have been observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of subgroups using different technical approaches and to compare biomechanical performance differences. Biomechanical analysis of performances over 5.

Differentiation of five forensically relevant body fluids using a small set of microRNA markers.

In forensic investigations, identifying the type of body fluid allows for the interpretation of biological evidence at the activity level. Over the past two decades, significant research efforts have focused on developing molecular methods for this purpose. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise due to their tissue-specific expression, abundance, lack of splice variants, and relative stability.

Post-mortem recrystallization of biogenic amorphous calcium carbonate guided by the inherited macromolecular framework.

In contrast to abiotically formed carbonates, biogenetic carbonates have been observed to be nanocomposite, organo-mineral structures, the basic build-blocks of which are particles of quasi-uniform size (10-100 nm) organized into complex higher-order hierarchical structures, typically with highly controlled crystal-axis alignments. Some of these characteristics serve as criteria for inferring a biological origin and the state of preservation of fossil carbonate materials, and to determine whether the biomineralization process was biologically induced or controlled. Here we show that a calcium storage structure formed by the American lobster, a gastrolith initially consisting of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), post-mortem can crystallize into (thus secondary) calcite with structural properties strongly influenced by the inherited organic matrix.

Immunological and Haematological Relevance of Helminths and Complex Coinfection among Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients from Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

The effect of helminthiasis on host immunity is a neglected area of research, particularly in tuberculosis (TB) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of helminthiasis on immunological and haematological parameters in newly diagnosed TB patients in Bobo-Dioulasso. After all biological analyses, we formed three subpopulations: group 1 ( = 82), as control, were participants without helminthic or complex infection (-/Helm-), group 2 ( = 73) were TB patients without helminthic infection (+/Helm-), and group 3 ( = 22) were TB patients with helminthic infection (+/Helm+).

4D Single-particle tracking with asynchronous read-out single-photon avalanche diode array detector.

Single-particle tracking techniques enable investigation of the complex functions and interactions of individual particles in biological environments. Many such techniques exist, each demonstrating trade-offs between spatiotemporal resolution, spatial and temporal range, technical complexity, and information content. To mitigate these trade-offs, we enhanced a confocal laser scanning microscope with an asynchronous read-out single-photon avalanche diode array detector.

Too old to be included: age diversity statements foster diversity yet fall short on inclusion.

Older employees often face discrimination and exclusion from work teams. In two scenario studies, we tested the impact of age diversity statements on the representation and inclusion of older employees in teams. In Study 1 ( = 304), participants had to create a team and were either exposed to a diversity statement or not before selecting two teammates from a list of four differing in age and gender.

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Objective: There are few tools capable of measuring the personal recovery of individuals presenting with mental disorders that take into account the various dimensions of recovery. Personal recovery encompasses several objectives at the level of autonomy, positive interpersonal relationships, mental and physical health, self-acceptance, the school/professional domain, as well as developing a life project. A team of practitioners and researchers from four countries (Canada, Belgium, France, and Switzerland) adapted the Client Assessment of Strengths, Interests, and Goals (CASIG) tool to more accurately measure these different aspects of personal recovery.

[Exercise addiction].

Exercise addiction, although not yet officially recognized, can be defined as the harmful practice of physical exercise, described as a compulsive need, where damage take precedence over the benefits of this practice, with a continuation of this behavior despite the negative consequences. A number of risk factors have been identified, including psychopathological conditions such as eating disorders or other addictions. It is possible to detect this addiction and assess its intensity using multidimensional questionnaires, even the clinical relevance and thresholds of which are still debated.

Detecting diversifying selection for a trait from within and between-species genotypes and phenotypes.

To quantify selection acting on a trait, methods have been developed using either within or between-species variation. However, methods using within-species variation do not integrate the changes at the macro-evolutionary scale. Conversely, current methods using between-species variation usually discard within-species variation, thus not accounting for processes at the micro-evolutionary scale.

Documenting and analyzing pre-reflective self-consciousness underlying ongoing performance optimization in elite athletes: the theoretical and methodological approach of the course-of-experience framework.

Traditional theories of motor learning emphasize the automaticity of skillful actions. However, recent research has emphasized the role of pre-reflective self-consciousness accompanying skillful action execution. In the present paper, we present the course-of-experience framework as a means of studying elite athletes' pre-reflective self-consciousness in the unfolding activity of performance optimization.

Towards an informed research agenda for the field of personality disorders by experts with lived and living experience and researchers.

Background: We describe a collection of themes for a research agenda for personality disorders that was originally formulated for the ESSPD Borderline Congress in 2022.

Methods: Experts with lived and living experience (EE), researchers and clinicians met virtually, exchanged ideas and discussed research topics for the field of personality disorders. The experts - patients, relatives, significant others - named the topics they thought most relevant for further research in the field.

[Colorectal cancer screening program in the canton of Vaud: raising awareness].

After five years of deployment, the participation rate in the Vaud colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program remains below projected targets. It was found that the communication tools made available to the population did not provide explicit recommendations regarding how to participate. To this end, Unisanté led a project between 2022 and 2023 to increase awareness and widely disseminate tools specifically designed with the target population.