[Between care and punishment: the difficult coexistence of nursing care and prison culture].

Introduction/background: Recent research results have shown that nursing practice in correctional psychiatric settings is difficult since institutional functionning and correctional culture threaten fundamental socioprofessional standards of care.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to present the results of a research conducted in a Canadian correctional facility between 2006 and 2009 with nurses providing psychiatric care.

Results: This research highlights the challenges faced by the nursing staff who see their professional practice constrained by correctional prerogatives.

Chromatin diminution in the copepod Mesocyclops edax: elimination of both highly repetitive and nonhighly repetitive DNA.

Chromatin diminution, a developmentally regulated process of DNA elimination, is found in numerous eukaryotic species. In the copepod Mesocyclops edax, some 90% of its genomic DNA is eliminated during the differentiation of embryonic cells into somatic cells. Previous studies have shown that the eliminated DNA contains highly repetitive sequences.

Stronger purifying selection against gene conversions in a pathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain.

Gene conversions most often have no selective impact, but some are selectively disadvantageous whereas others are selectively advantageous. Although gene conversions have been extensively studied in yeasts, very little is known about their selective impact in pathological yeasts. Here, we used the GENECONV software to compare the characteristics of candidate gene conversions found in a pathogenic strain (YJM789) and a nonpathogenic strain (S288c) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Extrusion of small vesicles through nanochannels: a model for experiments and molecular dynamics simulations.

We propose a model that predicts the final sizes of lipid bilayer vesicles produced by pressure extrusion through nanochannels and we conduct large-scale coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the phenomenon. We show that, to a first approximation independent of pressure, vesicle size can be predicted by a simple geometrical argument that considers an invariable inner vesicle volume enclosed by a finitely extensible lipid bilayer. The pressure dependence is then incorporated in our model by arguing that the effective channel radius decreases with increasing pressure due to a thickening of the lubrication layer between the vesicles and the channel wall.

5S rRNA gene arrangements in protists: a case of nonadaptive evolution.

Given their high copy number and high level of expression, one might expect that both the sequence and organization of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes would be conserved during evolution. Although the organization of 18S, 5.8S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes is indeed relatively well conserved, that of 5S rRNA genes is much more variable.

Strong purifying selection against gene conversions in the trypsin genes of primates.

The trypsin gene families of primate species are composed of members who share a remarkable level of sequence similarity. Here, we investigated the gene conversions occurring within the trypsin gene family in five primate species. A total of 36 conversion events, with an average length (±standard deviation) of 1,526 ± 1,124 nucleotides, were detected using two methods.

[Not Available].

Introduction: The Lower Extremity Functional Scale was translated into Canadian French in 2006; the translated version was titled Échelle fonctionnelle des membres inférieurs (EFMI). The construct validity and reliability of the EFMI have not been examined.

Objective: To examine the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the EFMI.

[Not Available].

Introduction: The Rehabilitation Network of Ottawa-Carleton (RENOC) recommends that its institutions use the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Since RENOC serves both Francophone and Anglophone clients, the LEFS needed to be translated to assess the Francophone clientele.

Objective: To create a French-Canadian version of the LEFS, with the proposed title "Échelle fonctionnelle des membres inférieurs" (ÉFMI), and to examine its content validity.

The abundance of processed pseudogenes derived from glycolytic genes is correlated with their expression level.

The abundance of processed pseudogenes in different vertebrate species is known to be proportional to the length of their oogenesis. However, this hypothesis cannot explain why, in a given species, certain genes produce more processed pseudogenes than others. In particular, one would expect that all genes of the glycolytic pathway would generate roughly the same number of processed pseudogenes.

[Communication process in consultation of patients with incurable disease: a prospective study].

Patients wish to be fully informed about their health, but some information and its disclosure may pose special challenges depending on the severity of the illness. This prospective observational study investigates the content of information about the disease and treatment, as well as the process by which information is disclosed as part of 51 consultations with people with malignant gliomas. Patients and their relatives were fully informed of the diagnosis and treatments (types, risks, practical details), but disease progression with and without treatment, like the prognosis, was rarely addressed.

[Integration in the workforce of Québec of adults living with Autism Spectrum Disorder or Asperger Syndrome].

This article presents an exploratory study evaluating the impact of the program Employment Pact: Québec in full force (2008) aimed at the integration in the workforce of adults living with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Asperger Syndrome (AS). This program is implemented in different regions in Québec. The evaluation takes into consideration working conditions, integration procedures, as well as receptivity of eventual employers.

[The movement to represent Francophone minority groups: the future of health services in French].

The Action Plan for Official Languages launched in 2003 intends to revitalize the country's linguistic duality. Among the priority areas, health is the focus in order to ensure the training of health professionals to serve official language minority communities and to network the main actors concerned about the organization of services in the minority language. The aim of this paper is to report representations of Francophones in minority with respect to the future of health services in French.

Working after childbirth: a lifecourse transition analysis of Canadian women from the 1970s to the 2000s.

In this paper we compare cohorts of mothers who had their first children between 1970 and 1999, in terms of their probability of beginning work shortly after childbearing. Using the 2001 General Social Survey, Cycle 15 on Family History, we investigate the effects of women's socioeconomic characteristics on labor force withdrawal. Our discussion focuses on the analysis of the transition as a type of life course analysis.

[Obstetrical complications and physical aggression behaviours before the age of 2].

Objective: To determine if infants who experienced obstetrical complications (OCs) have a greater tendency to show frequent physical aggression behaviours before the age of 2, independent of gender and family income. Another objective was to explain, at least partly, the sexual differences found in some behaviours using OCs.

Method: Data were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD).

Gene conversions in the growth hormone gene family of primates: stronger homogenizing effects in the Hominidae lineage.

In humans, the growth hormone/chorionic somatomammotropin gene family is composed of five highly similar genes. We characterized the gene conversions that occurred between the growth hormone genes of 11 primate species. We detected 48 conversions using GENECONV and others were only detected using phylogenetic analyses.

Relationship between maternal DHA and iron status and infants' cognitive performance.

Purpose: The dietary nutrients iron and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are believed to play an important role in early brain development. We investigated the relationship between pregnant women's iron and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status and their infants' cognitive performance at age six months.

Methods: Blood iron and DHA status were analyzed in pregnant women at 28 to 32 weeks of gestation.

[Unveiled : the look of seniors and caregivers on daily communication and manifestations of implicit ageism].

The aim of this exploratory study was to better understand interpersonal communication between frail elders and caregivers in the context of long-term care giving. In addition, in light of the Communication Accommodation Theory, the goal was to determine the extent to which communication can be a transmitter of ageism, particularly of implicit ageism. A total of 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted among elders and caregivers of a Quebec long-term care facility.

[Counter-transference in eating disorder treatment:a systematic review].

Objective: To identify counter-transference occurrences and causes in therapists treating patients with eating disorders, and to present suggested solutions to overcome counter-transference's negative aspects and to enhance treatment quality.

Method: Using the major health science and psychology databases, we have identified studies dealing with counter-transference in eating disorder treatment.

Results: Many counter-transference occurrences are identified.

[Attitude and perceived control of the elderly towards the consumption of anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic medications].

This study examines the importance of variables from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (i.e., attitudes toward behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived control) for the prediction of consumption of anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic (ASH) medications in a sample of older persons, aged 69 years on average, 62 consumers and 92 non-consumers.

Ectopic gene conversions in the genome of ten hemiascomycete yeast species.

We characterized ectopic gene conversions in the genome of ten hemiascomycete yeast species. Of the ten species, three diverged prior to the whole genome duplication (WGD) event present in the yeast lineage and seven diverged after it. We analyzed gene conversions from three separate datasets: paralogs from the three pre-WGD species, paralogs from the seven post-WGD species, and common ohnologs from the seven post-WGD species.

Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes.

The capacity to biosynthesize ascorbic acid has been lost in a number of species including primates, guinea pigs, teleost fishes, bats, and birds. This inability results from mutations in the GLO gene coding for L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the last step in the vitamin C biosynthetic pathway. We analyzed available primate and rodent GLO gene sequences to determine their evolutionary history.

Entropic elasticity of dilated and contorted idealized circular chains.

Thermal energy provides random motion to particles that leads to the well-known entropic force, which favors the clumping of linear and circular molecules. We evaluate the entropic force which resists the radial dilation and subsequent twisting out of plane of circular polymers by developing mechanical models and performing molecular dynamics simulations. We find that dilating a circular chain is analogous to stretching its linear counterpart.

Women's health in developing countries: beyond an investment?

Most international programs and policies devised to improve women's health in developing countries have been shaped by powerful agencies and development ideologies, including the tendency to view women solely through the lens of instrumentalism (i.e., as a means to an end).

[Inside the apothecary... what drugs...the contents of civilian pharmacies in lower Normandy and Canada in the eighteenth century].

The post-mortem inventories, true notarised documents, are choked full with details on the way of life of XVIIIth century apothecares. The most interesting of them describe exactly for us the content of apothecaries: drugs, remedies, pots, etc. starting from the examples of two representative regions of metropolitan France and its colonies, linked by a history of immigration that is Low-Normandy, which sent a number of its people to North America, and Canada.