Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian of Switzerland.

Metriorhynchids are marine crocodylomorphs found across Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of Europe and Central and South America. Despite being one of the oldest fossil families named in paleontology, the phylogenetic relationships within Metriorhynchidae have been subject to many revisions over the past 15 years. Herein, we describe a new metriorhynchid from the Kimmeridgian of Porrentruy, Switzerland.

Moderate-to-severe ARDS: COVID-19 patients compared to influenza patients for ventilator parameters and mortality.

Background: This study aimed to compare ventilatory parameters recorded in the first days of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and mortality at day 60 between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza ARDS patients with arterial oxygen tension ( )/inspiratory oxygen fraction ( ) ≤150 mmHg.

Methods: We compared 244 COVID-19 ARDS patients with 106 influenza ARDS patients. Driving pressure, respiratory system compliance ( ), ventilator ratio, corrected minute ventilation (') and surrogate of mechanical power (index=(4×driving pressure)+respiratory rate) were calculated from day 1 to day 5 of ARDS.

Impact of Arterial CO Retention in Patients With Moderate or Severe ARDS.

Background: Lung-protective ventilation (reduced tidal volume and limited plateau pressure) may lead to CO retention. Data about the impact of hypercapnia in patients with ARDS are scarce and conflicting.

Methods: We performed a non-interventional cohort study with subjects with ARDS admitted from 2006 to 2021 and with P /F ≤ 150 mm Hg.

Precision of CT-derived alveolar recruitment assessed by human observers and a machine learning algorithm in moderate and severe ARDS.

Background: Assessing measurement error in alveolar recruitment on computed tomography (CT) is of paramount importance to select a reliable threshold identifying patients with high potential for alveolar recruitment and to rationalize positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to assess both intra- and inter-observer smallest real difference (SRD) exceeding measurement error of recruitment using both human and machine learning-made lung segmentation (i.e.

B-cell malignancies and COVID-19: a narrative review.

Background: COVID-19 has been extensively characterized in immunocompetent hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised populations. Among the latter, patients treated for B-cell malignancies have immunosuppression generated by B-cell lymphodepletion/aplasia resulting in an increased susceptibility to respiratory virus infections and poor response to vaccination. The consequence is that these patients are likely to develop severe or critical COVID-19.

Effect of a cover crop on the aphid incidence is not explained by increased top-down regulation.

Background: Cover crops can be used as a habitat management strategy to enhance the natural enemies and their temporal synchronization with a target pest. We examined the effect of winter oat intercropping within organic plum orchards on the natural enemy abundance and seasonal dynamics on the biological control of plum aphids in spring in Central Chile.

Methods: We compared the incidence and abundance of natural enemies and aphid pests from winter to the end of spring using two treatments: (1) plum trees with an oat cover crop (OCC) and (2) plum trees without a cover crop but with spontaneous vegetation (SV).

1-hour t-piece spontaneous breathing trial vs 1-hour zero pressure support spontaneous breathing trial and reintubation at day 7: A non-inferiority approach.

Purpose: Physiological data suggest that T-piece and zero pressure support (PS0) ventilation both accurately reflect spontaneous breathing conditions after extubation. These two types of spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) are used in our Intensive Care Unit to evaluate patients for extubation readiness and success but have rarely been compared in clinical studies.

Materials And Methods: We performed a prospective observational study to confirm the hypothesis that 1-hour T-piece SBT and 1-h PS0 zero PEEP (ZEEP) SBT are associated with similar rates of reintubation at day 7 after extubation.

Myorelaxants in ARDS patients.

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) inhibit patient-initiated active breath and the risk of high tidal volumes and consequent high transpulmonary pressure swings, and minimize patient/ ventilator asynchrony in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Minimization of volutrauma and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) results in a lower incidence of barotrauma, improved oxygenation and a decrease in circulating proinflammatory markers. Recent randomized clinical trials did not reveal harmful muscular effects during a short course of NMBAs.

Characteristics of human metapneumovirus infection in adults hospitalized for community-acquired influenza-like illness in France, 2012-2018: a retrospective observational study.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence, clinical features and complications of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections in a population of adults hospitalized with influenza-like illness (ILI).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter cohort study using prospectively collected data from adult patients hospitalized during influenza virus circulation, for at least 24 h, for community-acquired ILI (with symptom onset <7 days). Data were collected from five French teaching hospitals over six consecutive winters (2012-2018).

Impact on ICU mortality of moderate alcohol consumption in patients admitted with infection.

Purpose: Alcohol dependence is associated with poor prognosis in the intensive care unit (ICU), but it remains uncertain whether moderate alcohol consumption negatively affects the prognosis of critically ill patients admitted with infection.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective observational cohort study performed in 478 patients admitted with documented infection, mortality at day 28 in the group of abstainers and nontrauma patients with estimated alcohol consumption lower than 100 g/week was compared with that in non-alcohol-dependent patients with estimated alcohol consumption between 100 and 350 g/week.

Results: In 97 patients (20%), alcohol consumption was estimated to be over 100 g/week, and in 391 patients (80%), alcohol consumption was estimated to be 100 g/week or less.

Non-influenza respiratory viruses in adult patients admitted with influenza-like illness: a 3-year prospective multicenter study.

Purpose: To describe the burden, and characteristics, of influenza-like illness (ILI) associated with non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV).

Methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational study of adults admitted with ILI during three influenza seasons (2012-2015). Patients were screened for picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, bocavirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza, by PCR on nasopharyngeal samples.

Incidence and risk factors for acquired colonization and infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli: a retrospective analysis in three ICUs with low multidrug resistance rate.

The purpose of this study is to assess risk factors for the acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (ESBL-GNB) colonization and infection (AI) in ICUs with low ESBL-GNB prevalence rate. We conducted a retrospective observational study in three ICUs in Bretagne, France. All patients admitted from January 2016 to September 2017 with a length of stay of 2 days or more were included.

Plant host and drought shape the root associated fungal microbiota in rice.

Background And Aim: Water is an increasingly scarce resource while some crops, such as paddy rice, require large amounts of water to maintain grain production. A better understanding of rice drought adaptation and tolerance mechanisms could help to reduce this problem. There is evidence of a possible role of root-associated fungi in drought adaptation.

Early Agenian rhinocerotids from Wischberg (Canton Bern, Switzerland) and clarification of the systematics of the genus .

Background: Wischberg is a Swiss locality in Bern Canton which has yielded numerous vertebrates remains from the earliest Miocene (= MN1). It has a very rich faunal diversity, one of the richest in Switzerland for this age. Among all the mammals reported in the original faunal list 70 years ago, three rhinocerotid species were identified.

Conservation and diversity in expression of candidate genes regulating socially-induced female-male sex change in wrasses.

Fishes exhibit remarkably diverse, and plastic, patterns of sexual development, most striking of which is sequential hermaphroditism, where individuals readily reverse sex in adulthood. How this stunning example of phenotypic plasticity is controlled at a genetic level remains poorly understood. Several genes have been implicated in regulating sex change, yet the degree to which a conserved genetic machinery orchestrates this process has not yet been addressed.

At-Risk Drinking Is Independently Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients.

Objectives: Unhealthy use of alcohol and acute kidney injury are major public health problems, but little is known about the impact of excessive alcohol consumption on kidney function in critically ill patients. We aimed to determine whether at-risk drinking is independently associated with acute kidney injury in the ICU and at ICU discharge.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Aquaporin 4 distribution in the brain and its relevance for the radiological appearance of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease.

Background And Purpose: To determine the precise incidence of lesions at sites of high Aquaporin-4 expression (hAQP4) and their possible association with known neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) lesions patterns.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of brain and, when available, spinal cord MRI scans of 54 NMOSD patients recruited among the French NMOSD cohort was performed. Brain lesions were annotated as MS-like, non-specific, or evocative of NMOSD.

Time to blood culture positivity: An independent predictor of infective endocarditis and mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

Objectives: Time to blood culture positivity (TTP), a routinely available parameter in automated blood culture systems, may be a proxy for infectious burden in patients with bloodstream infections. We aimed to study the association between TTP and infective endocarditis (IE), or death, in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

Methods: VIRSTA is a multicentre prospective cohort study that included all adult patients with S.