Identification of Semiochemical Candidates Involved in Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Larviposition Site Selection and Behavioural Responses of Adult Gravid Females.

Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the cyclical vectors of human and animal trypanosomes. This viviparous insect develops and produces a single larva at 10-day intervals deposited in specific sites. In some species aggregation of larvae has been shown and seems to be mediated by both physical factors and volatile semiochemicals of larval origin.

Conducting active screening for human African trypanosomiasis with rapid diagnostic tests: The Guinean experience (2016-2021).

Strategies to detect Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases rely on serological screening of populations exposed to trypanosomes. In Guinea, mass medical screening surveys performed with the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis have been progressively replaced by door-to-door approaches using Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) since 2016. However, RDTs availability represents a major concern and medical teams must often adapt, even in the absence of prior RDT performance evaluation.

Availability of substance use screening and treatment within HIV clinical sites across seven geographic regions within the IeDEA consortium.

Background: Overwhelming evidence highlights the negative impact of substance use on HIV care and treatment outcomes. Yet, the extent to which alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD) services have been integrated within HIV clinical settings is limited. We describe AUD/SUD screening and treatment availability in HIV clinical sites participating in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium.

Assessment of genotyping array performance for genome-wide association studies and imputation in African cattle.

Background: In cattle, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have largely focused on European or Asian breeds, using genotyping arrays that were primarily designed for European cattle. Because there is growing interest in performing GWAS in African breeds, we have assessed the performance of 23 commercial bovine genotyping arrays for capturing the diversity across African breeds and performing imputation. We used 409 whole-genome sequences (WGS) spanning global cattle breeds, and a real cohort of 2481 individuals (including African breeds) that were genotyped with the Illumina high-density (HD) array and the GeneSeek bovine 50 k array.

Ten-year attrition and antiretroviral therapy response among HIV-positive adults: a sex-based cohort analysis from eight West African countries.

Introduction: Sex differences have already been reported in sub-Saharan Africa for attrition and immunological response after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, but follow-up was usually limited to the first two to three years after ART initiation. We evaluated sex differences on the same outcomes in the 10 years following ART initiation in West African adults.

Methods: We used cohort data of patients included in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration, who initiated ART between 2002 and 2014.

[High incidence of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in a population of HIV-infected patients in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso].

Introduction: cardiovascular complications have become the 3 cause of death and the 4 reason for hospitalization in HIV-infected patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in November 2015.

"When I receive the message, it is a sign of love": symbolic connotations of SMS messages for people living with HIV in Burkina Faso.

Mobile health (mHealth) has gained considerable interest recently due to its potential to improve health outcomes in developing countries with high outreach yet low costs. Several studies have explored the use of short message service (SMS) reminders to improve antiretroviral (ARV) retention and adherence, with mixed results. The majority of these studies has a quantitative nature and employs randomized designs, which do not provide further qualitative insights about other possible impacts of the messages.

A Systematic Review of Mobile Phone Interventions (SMS/IVR/Calls) to Improve Adherence and Retention to Antiretroviral Treatment in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.

The use of mobile health technologies (mHealth) to ameliorate HIV care has considerably risen in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) since 2010. Yet, the discrepancies in the results of accompanying studies warrant an updated and systematic consolidation of all available evidence. We report a systematic review of studies testing whether text/image messages, interactive voice response reminders, or calls promote adherence and retention to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in LMICs.

Supporting evidence for a human reservoir of invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella from household samples in Burkina Faso.

Background: Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis are major causes of bloodstream infection in children in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed evidence for their zoonotic versus human reservoir.

Methods: Index patients were children with blood culture confirmed Salmonella infection recruited during a microbiological surveillance study in Nanoro, rural Burkina between May 2013 and August 2014.

Identification of the predominant microbiota during production of lait caillé, a spontaneously fermented milk product made in Burkina Faso.

The spontaneously fermented curdled milk product from Burkina Faso, lait caillé is prepared by traditional processing from raw unpasteurised milk. The fermentation lasts 1-3 days. This study aims to identify the predominant microbiota involved in lait caillé fermentation from cow milk.

Non-contiguous finished genome sequencing and description of sp. nov. isolated from human sputum.

sp. nov., strain Marseille-P2817, is a facultatively anaerobic, motile and non-spore-forming Gram-positive coccus which was isolated from the sputum of a healthy adult man in Marseilles.

Malaria early in the first pregnancy: Potential impact of iron status.

Background & Aims: Low iron stores may protect from malaria infection, therefore improving iron stores in early pregnancy in line with current recommendations could increase malaria susceptibility. To test this hypothesis we compared iron biomarkers and red cell indices in nulliparae and primigravidae who participated in a randomized controlled trial of long-term weekly iron supplementation.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis from a randomized controlled trial of long-term weekly iron supplementation in rural Burkina Faso.

[High performance athlete's heart: Results of a cross-sectional survey conducted in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso].

Purpose Of The Study: To describe the clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of the athlete's heart.

Patients And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August 2015 to February 2016 in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Athletes of high level of training (at least 8hours of weekly training, for more than six months regardless of the type of sport) have benefited from: a clinical examination, an electrocardiography and a cardiac ultrasound rest to look for electrical, morphological and functional cardiac changes.

Retention and mortality on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: collaborative analyses of HIV treatment programmes.

Introduction: By 2020, 90% of all people diagnosed with HIV should receive long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). In sub-Saharan Africa, this target is threatened by loss to follow-up in ART programmes. The proportion of people retained on ART long-term cannot be easily determined, because individuals classified as lost to follow-up, may have self-transferred to another HIV treatment programme, or may have died.

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: The importance of influenza viruses in respiratory infections in sub-Saharan Africa has been historically overlooked, including in Burkina Faso.

Objectives: This study therefore aimed at evaluating the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of influenza viruses in children under 5 years old, at risk of influenza-related complications, presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). The study also aimed at identifying the periods with increased influenza transmission for vaccination recommendations in Burkina Faso.

Harmonized clinical trial methodologies for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and potential for extensive network with capacities for clinical evaluation.

Introduction: Progress with the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been hampered by inconsistent methodologies used to assess treatment effects. A sizable number of trials conducted over the years has generated only weak evidence backing current treatment recommendations, as shown by systematic reviews on old-world and new-world CL (OWCL and NWCL).

Materials And Methods: Using a previously published guidance paper on CL treatment trial methodology as the reference, consensus was sought on key parameters including core eligibility and outcome measures, among OWCL (7 countries, 10 trial sites) and NWCL (7 countries, 11 trial sites) during two separate meetings.

25S rDNA genotype and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Candida albicans in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

The present investigation aimed to assess the prevalence of genotypes of C. albicans in Ouagadougou and to analyze the relationship between the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility. Ninety-six clinical strains are included.

Inadequate programming, insufficient communication and non-compliance with the basic principles of maternal death audits in health districts in Burkina Faso: a qualitative study.

Background: Implementation of quality maternal death audits requires good programming, good communication and compliance with core principles. Studies on compliance with core principles in the conduct of maternal death audits (MDAs) exist but were conducted in urban areas, at the 2nd or 3rd level of the healthcare system, in experimental situations, or in a context of skills-building projects or technical platforms with an emphasis on the review of "near miss". This study aims to fill the gap of evidence on the implementation of MDAs in rural settings, at the first level of care and in the routine care situation in Burkina Faso.

Fipronil 1% pour-on: further studies of its effects against lab-reared Glossina palpalis gambiensis.

In order to assess the residual effects of fipronil 1% on tsetse fly survival, male Glossina palpalis gambiensis were released on non-treated and treated cattle, with 0.1 ml of fipronil/kg b.w.

Major transcriptional changes observed in the Fulani, an ethnic group less susceptible to malaria.

The Fulani ethnic group has relatively better protection from malaria, as reflected by fewer symptomatic cases of malaria, lower infection rates, and lower parasite densities compared to sympatric ethnic groups. However, the basis for this lower susceptibility to malaria by the Fulani is unknown. The incidence of classic malaria resistance genes are lower in the Fulani than in other sympatric ethnic populations, and targeted SNP analyses of other candidate genes involved in the immune response to malaria have not been able to account for the observed difference in the Fulani susceptibility to Therefore, we have performed a pilot study to examine global transcription and DNA methylation patterns in specific immune cell populations in the Fulani to elucidate the mechanisms that confer the lower susceptibility to malaria.

Antibody responses to P. falciparum blood stage antigens and incidence of clinical malaria in children living in endemic area in Burkina Faso.

Background: High parasite-specific antibody levels are generally associated with low susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This has been supported by several studies in which clinical malaria cases of P. falciparum malaria were reported to be associated with low antibody avidities.

Head Computed Tomography Scan in Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury in a Low-Income Country.

Background: Head computed tomography scan (HCTS) is the cornerstone of the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The impact of performing a HCTS in TBI has been scarcely investigated in low-income countries (LICs). Furthermore, the cost of a HCTS is a burden for family finances.

High concordance of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genotypes between matched peripheral and placental isolates of delivered women in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Whether maternal peripheral parasites constitute a representative sample of the overall population infecting the individual, remains unknown in Burkina Faso. We therefore compared Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genotypes between matched peripheral and placental isolates. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of polymorphic codons of the Pfdhfr gene (51, 59, 108 and 164) and the Pfdhps gene (437 and 540) was performed in 18 matched peripheral and placental dried blood spots of delivered women in Bobo-Dioulasso.