[Interprofessional exchanges during COVID-19 at the Bichat Claude-Bernard Hospital: insights for research].

The management of the COVID-19 epidemic has disrupted the organization of healthcare in hospitals. As part of a research project on the resilience of hospitals and their staff to the COVID-19 pandemic (HoSPiCOVID), we have documented their adaptation strategies in five countries (France, Mali, Brazil, Canada, Japan). In France, at the end of the first wave (June 2020), a team of researchers and health professionals from the Bichat Claude-Bernard Hospital organized focus groups to acknowledge these achievements and to share their experiences.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Cyclic Response of Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718 up to Very-High Cycle Regime.

Cyclic response and fatigue behavior are sensitive to the microstructure of material induced by heat treatment. In this paper, three sets of high-temperature superalloy Inconel 718 with different heat treatment, namely annealed, aged, and directly aged high quality (DAHQ), are compared. Difference in grain size distribution, phase, and precipitate, etc.

The role of brief motivational intervention on self-efficacy and abstinence in a cohort of patients with alcohol dependence.

Objectives: Brief interventions are effective in reducing heavy drinking in the general population but few studies examined whether it is also effective in alcohol dependent patients, and whether brief intervention increases self-efficacy.

Method: One hundred and seven patients with alcohol-dependence were randomized in a controlled trial examining the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention on both self-efficacy level and days of abstinence.

Results: We found that brief motivational interventions had no effect on days of abstinence, nor on self-efficacy, but that high self-efficacy was consistently correlated with a longer period of abstinence, at all assessment-points.

Empathy and recognition of facial expressions of emotion in sex offenders, non-sex offenders and normal controls.

Research conducted on empathy and emotional recognition in sex offenders is contradictory. The present study was aimed to clarify this issue by controlling for some affective and social variables (depression, anxiety, and social desirability) that are presumed to influence emotional and empathic measures, using a staged multicomponent model of empathy. Incarcerated sex offenders (child molesters), incarcerated non-sex offenders, and non-offender controls (matched for age, gender, and education level) performed a recognition task of facial expressions of basic emotions that varied in intensity, and completed various self-rating scales designed to assess distinct components of empathy (perspective taking, affective empathy, empathy concern, and personal distress), as well as depression, anxiety, and social desirability.

Maternal effects and beta-carotene assimilation in Canary chicks.

Carotenoids are pigments responsible for the red, orange and yellow coloration of plants and animals. They may be beneficial in two ways; they have a powerful antioxidant activity, and they can behave as an immunostimulant. Animals however cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, they must obtain them through their diet.

[Evolution of evaluation and prevention services provided for targeting psychosocial occupational risks].

A new set of occupational risks has emerged with the evolution of work's organization: psychosocial risks. They are at the origin of various professional pathologies (stress, anxiety, burn-out syndrome, et cetera). Based on the authors' experience as consultants in the prevention of occupational risks, they bear witness to the evolution of the availability of services in evaluation and prevention of psychosocial risks.

The discrimination of discrete and continuous amounts in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus).

A wealth of research in infants and animals demonstrates discrimination of quantities, in some cases nonverbal numerical perception, and even elementary calculation capacities. We investigated the ability of three African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) to select the largest amount of food between two sets, either discrete food items (experiment 1) or as volume of a food substance (experiment 2). The two amounts were presented simultaneously and were visible at the time of choice.

Interplay between phonology and syntax in French-speaking children with specific language impairment.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between phonological and syntactic disorders of French-speaking children with specific language impairment in production.

Aims: To compare three theories (pure phonological theory, surface theory, and mapping theory) of language developmental disorders, all of which view phonological difficulties as the main reason for the children's problems.

Methods & Procedures: The linguistic parameters (salience, phonological complexity, syntactic complexity, lexical/functional word, semantic/syntactic weight) that are fundamental to these theories were identified.

Use of experimenter-given cues by African gray parrots (Psittacus erithacus).

One advantage of living in a social group is the opportunity to use information provided by other individuals. Social information can be based on cues provided by a conspecific or even by a heterospecific individual (e.g.

Balance control and adaptation of kinematic synergy in aging adults during forward trunk bending.

The present study focuses on the organization of kinematic synergy and its adaptation to an unstable support surface during upper trunk movements in aging adults. Seven healthy aging adults (49-66 years old) were instructed to bend the trunk forward (the head and the trunk together) by about 40 degrees and to stabilize their final position, in the standard condition (both feet on the ground), and on a seesaw swinging in the sagittal plane. Kinematic synergy was quantified by performing a principal components analysis on the hip, knee and ankle angle changes during the movement.

Thirty years of use and improvement of remote sensing, applied to epidemiology: from early promises to lasting frustration.

Remote sensing, referring to the remote study of objects, was originally developed for Earth observation, through the use of sensors on board planes or satellites. Improvements in the use and accessibility of multi-temporal satellite-derived environmental data have, for 30 years, contributed to a growing use in epidemiology. Despite the potential of remote-sensed images and processing techniques for a better knowledge of disease dynamics, an exhaustive analysis of the bibliography shows a generalized use of pre-processed spatial data and low-cost images, resulting in a limited adaptability when addressing biological questions.

Kinematic synergy adaptation to an unstable support surface and equilibrium maintenance during forward trunk movement.

The aim of this investigation was to study the adaptation to an unstable support surface of kinematic synergy responsible for equilibrium control during upper trunk movements. Eight adult subjects were asked to bend their upper trunk forward to an angle of 35 degrees and then to hold the final position for 3 s, first in a standard condition, with two feet on the ground and the second, on a rocking platform swinging in the sagittal plane. The movement characteristics (duration, amplitude, and mean angular velocity of the trunk), the time course of the antero-posterior center of mass (CM) shift during the movement, and the EMG pattern of the main muscles involved in the movement were studied under the two experimental conditions.

Predicting failure using conditioning on damage history: demonstration on percolation and hierarchical fiber bundles.

We formulate the problem of probabilistic predictions of global failure in the simplest possible model based on site percolation and on one of the simplest models of time-dependent rupture, a hierarchical fiber bundle model. We show that conditioning the predictions on the knowledge of the current degree of damage (occupancy density p or number and size of cracks) and on some information on the largest cluster improves significantly the prediction accuracy, in particular by allowing one to identify those realizations which have anomalously low or large clusters (cracks). We quantify the prediction gains using two measures, the relative specific information gain (which is the variation of entropy obtained by adding new information) and the root mean square of the prediction errors over a large ensemble of realizations.

[Food allergy in the child: an exploratory study on the impact of the elimination diet on food neophobia].

Objectives: This study was designed to analyse the impact of an elimination diet in children with food allergy, and its perception by their parents on the later reticence of children to test unknown foods, food neophobia.

Methods: The degree of food neophobia of children having outgrown their allergy (mean age, 7 years 2 months) was compared to that of a sibling (9 years 5 months) using a standardized scale and a questionnaire of food friendliness. Parents were also asked to fill in a questionnaire on the disease and its burden on the family.

Goal directed locomotion and balance control in autistic children.

This article focuses on postural anticipation and multi-joint coordination during locomotion in healthy and autistic children. Three questions were addressed. (1) Are gait parameters modified in autistic children? (2) Is equilibrium control affected in autistic children? (3) Is locomotion adjusted to the experimenter-imposed goal? Six healthy children and nine autistic children were instructed to walk to a location (a child-sized playhouse) inside the psychomotor room of the pedopsychiatric centre located approximately 5 m in front of them.

Female canaries produce eggs with greater amounts of testosterone when exposed to preferred male song.

Male birdsong has a great influence in the stimulation of female reproduction. However, female physiological responsiveness to song may depend on the degree of complexity of male song. This is expected because females of iteroparous organisms may increase their fitness by matching their reproductive investment to the predicted value of each reproductive attempt.

Sex and season influence the proportion of thin spike cells in the canary HVc.

In songbirds, anatomical attributes of song nuclei exhibit sexual and seasonal differences. To extend these data to physiological correlates, neurons ( n= 374) were recorded in the HVc of male and female canaries during and outside the breeding period. Surprisingly, a particular type of action potential waveforms was observed more frequently in breeding than in non-breeding birds and in males than in females.

Interest and limitations of projective techniques in the assessment of personality disorders.

Assessing personality disorders (PD) remains a difficult task because of persistent problems linked to concurrent validity of existing instruments, which are all structured interviews or self-report inventories. It has been advocated that indirect methods, projective techniques in particular, can strengthen PD assessment methods. The thematic apperception test (TAT) may be a significant adjuvant method of PD assessment.

[Mothers' behavior regarding infant sleep position: effects of the last public campaign to prevent sudden infant death syndrome].

Background: To define infant care practices in maternity units and those subsequently adopted at home. Using these data, we evaluated the acceptance and application of recommendations issued by the previous public education campaign on infant sleeping position as related to sudden infant death syndrome.

Patients And Methods: A survey was carried out in two maternity units (Port-Royal and Créteil) and in one pediatric consultation unit (affiliated with Port-Royal maternity).

Sexually stimulating signals of canary (Serinus canaria) songs: evidence for a female-specific auditory representation in the HVc nucleus during the breeding season.

During the breeding season under long-day conditions, male canaries sing sexually attractive songs and females respond behaviorally to such songs. This study assessed whether auditory response properties of neurons in nucleus HVc of female and male canaries are tuned to sexually salient song features: special song phrases and canary song segmentation. In sexually receptive female canaries, neurons responded to special song phrases with a decreased spike rate and were sensitive to canary song segmentation.

The selectivity of sexual responses to song displays: effects of partial chemical lesion of the HVC in female canaries.

By stimulating female canaries with computer edited songs, we investigated the involvement of the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum or high vocal center (HVC) in the selectivity of sexual responsiveness to different kinds of conspecific songs. Due to the fact that the types of conspecific song phrases act as relevant cues to give song its sexual potency, we compared courtship responses to two conspecific songs, highly sexually-stimulating and weakly sexually-stimulating song, before and after the partial ibotenate lesion of the HVC. Sexual responses to heterospecific song were also tested.