Lack of context modulation in human single neuron responses in the medial temporal lobe.

In subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes, we use two different stories involving the same person (or place) to evaluate whether and to what extent context modulates human single-neuron responses. Nearly all neurons (97% during encoding and 100% during recall) initially responding to a person/place do not modulate their response with context. Likewise, nearly none (<1%) of the initially non-responsive neurons show conjunctive coding, responding to particular persons/places in a particular context during the tasks.

Nanopore Sequencing as a Cutting-Edge Technology for Medulloblastoma Classification.

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most prevalent embryonal malignant brain tumors. Current classification organizes these tumors into four molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 MB). Recently, a comprehensive classification has been established, identifying numerous subtypes, some of which exhibit a poor prognosis.

Stable Convergent Polyneuronal Innervation and Altered Synapse Elimination in Muscles from Patients with Blepharospasm Responding Poorly to Recurrent Botulinum Type-A Neurotoxin Injections.

Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A), which blocks quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), has demonstrated its efficacy in the symptomatic treatment of blepharospasm. In 3.89% of patients treated for blepharospasm at Tenon Hospital, BoNT/A was no longer effective in relieving the patient's symptoms, and a partial upper myectomy of the muscle was performed.

A Simple Information Criterion for Variable Selection in High-Dimensional Regression.

High-dimensional regression problems, for example with genomic or drug exposure data, typically involve automated selection of a sparse set of regressors. Penalized regression methods like the LASSO can deliver a family of candidate sparse models. To select one, there are criteria balancing log-likelihood and model size, the most common being AIC and BIC.

Fathers' Experience of Their Child's Paediatric Brain Tumour.

Background: This exploratory study explores the impact of paediatric brain cancer on the experiences of the fathers from the time of diagnosis, while most studies have focused on the mothers.

Methods: The content of interviews conducted with six fathers of children who had brain tumours at the age of approximately 10 years was analysed using a qualitative methodology, following the COREQ guidelines.

Results: The fathers first talked about their feelings about the way the brain tumour affected their child and how he/she coped with the illness and treatments, and they also described the difficulties encountered.

Dietary exposure to mixtures of chemicals in the first year of life and allergic and respiratory diseases up to 8 years in the French EDEN mother-child cohort.

Exposure to environmental chemicals has been associated with higher risk of childhood allergies. This study aimed to examine the association between infant's dietary exposure to mixtures of chemicals and allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in childhood. Dietary exposures were assessed at 8 and 12 months in 724 and 745 children of the EDEN cohort.

Metabolic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Hepatoblastoma: Insights into Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Targets.

Background: Hepatoblastoma, the most common pediatric liver malignancy, is characterized by significant molecular heterogeneity and poor prognosis in advanced stages. Recent studies highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic dysregulation in hepatoblastoma pathogenesis. This review aims to explore the metabolic alterations and epigenetic mechanisms involved in hepatoblastoma and how these processes contribute to tumor progression and survival.

Risk of metachronous peritoneal metastases after surgery for obstructive colon cancer: Multivariate analysis from a series of 1,085 patients.

Background: Data in the literature suggest that obstruction is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in colon cancer. Of all possible sites of recurrence, peritoneal metastases are associated with worse survival. Our aim was to report the incidence of metachronous peritoneal metastases from a cohort of patients undergoing resection of obstructive colon cancer with curative intent and to identify predictive factors for metachronous peritoneal metastases.

An International Factorial Vignette-Based Survey of Intubation Decisions in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

Objectives: Intubation is a common procedure in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), with minimal evidence to guide decision-making. We conducted a survey of when to intubate patients with AHRF to measure the influence of clinical variables on intubation decision-making and quantify variability.

Design: Factorial vignette-based survey asking "Would you recommend intubation?" Respondents selected an ordinal recommendation from a 5-point scale ranging from "Definite no" to "Definite yes" for up to ten randomly allocated vignettes.

Dietary Lipids and Their Metabolism in the Midgut.

Animals use dietary lipids to sustain their growth and survival. Insects can synthesize fatty acids (FAs) and are autotroph for a number of lipids, but auxotroph for specific lipids classes (e.g.

MatP local enrichment delays segregation independently of tetramer formation and septal anchoring in Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae harbours a primary chromosome derived from the monochromosomal ancestor of the Vibrionales (ChrI) and a secondary chromosome derived from a megaplasmid (ChrII). The coordinated segregation of the replication terminus of both chromosomes (TerI and TerII) determines when and where cell division occurs. ChrI encodes a homologue of Escherichia coli MatP, a protein that binds to a DNA motif (matS) that is overrepresented in replication termini.

Association between asthma and IgG levels specific for rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus antigens in children and adults.

Background: Viral infections in childhood, especially to rhinovirus (RV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are associated with asthma inception and exacerbation. However, little is known about the role of RV- and RSV-specific antibodies in childhood versus adult asthma.

Objective: We sought to investigate associations between RV- and RSV-specific IgG levels and asthma phenotypes in children and adults.

Motor inhibition prevents motor execution during typing imagery: Evidence from an action-mode switching paradigm.

Motor imagery is accompanied by a subjective multisensory experience. This sensory experience is thought to result from the deployment of internal models developed for the execution and monitoring of overt actions. If so, how is it that motor imagery does not lead to overt execution? It has been proposed that inhibitory mechanisms may prevent execution during imagined actions such as imagined typing.

A solvent-free and catalyst-free reaction of -aminobenzophenone with aryl isothiocyanates: expedient access to congested 4-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinazolin-2-thione derivatives.

An efficient method to construct 4-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinazolin-2-thiones 3 solvent-free and catalyst-free addition of -aminobenzophenone 1 with aryl isothiocyanates 2 under thermal conditions has been developed, providing new congested 4-phenyl-4-hydroxyquinazolin-2-thiones 3 in practically quantitative yields simple purification by filtration/recrystallization. Extension of these conditions to -aminoacetophenone 4 in place of -aminobenzophenone 1 led to 4-methylenequinazoline-thione 5 as a result of a subsequent dehydration reaction.

Room temperature dithiocarbamation of 2-tetralones with elemental sulfur and isothiocyanates S/R-NCS: atom-efficient access to 4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones.

2-Tetralones were found to undergo dithiocarbamation with elemental sulfur and isothiocyanates S/R-NCS in the presence of -methylpiperidine as a base catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The reaction could proceed quickly at room temperature to provide convenient access to substituted 4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones with complete atom efficiency. The adducts could be easily dehydrated in neat TFA to give thiazole-2-thiones.

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity and Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Bark (Myristicaceae).

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition brought on by aging and characterised by progressive decline in cognitive function and abnormalities in the central cholnergic system. -amyloid deposits, neurofibril tangle aggregation, oxidative stress or reduced level of acetylcholine are a few causes that have been linked to AD. In this study, the bioassay-guided isolation from ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of bark led to the isolation of nine compounds namely, 16-phenylhexadecanoic acid (), undecylbenzene (), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (), dodecanoic acid (), tetradecanoic acid (), pentadecanoic acid (), 1-tridecene (), stigmasterol () and trimyristin ().

Elderly predialysis care pathways and early morbidity-mortality upon start of dialysis.

Background And Hypothesis: The ageing of the population with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the complexity of care pathways. Our aim was to identify subgroups of older people according to predialysis care pathways and describe their association with early morbidity-mortality after transition to dialysis.

Methods: This study included 22,128 incident dialysis patients aged ≥ 75 years during 2009-2017 from the French nationwide registry linked to the National Health Data System.