What is the origin of the normal ranges of blood cell counts? An evolutionary perspective.

Background: The normal values of the complete blood count are part of the foundational medical knowledge that is seldom questioned due to their well-established nature. These normal values are critical for optimal physiological function while minimizing the harmful consequences of an excessive number of blood cells. Thus, they represent an evolutionary trade-off likely shaped by natural selection if they significantly influence individual fitness and exhibit heritability.

Clinical significance criteria in the ICSD and DSM sleep disorder classifications: a content overlap analysis using the Jaccard index.

Study Objectives: Both the (ICSD) and the sleep-wake disorders section of the (DSM) emphasize the importance of clinical judgment in distinguishing the normal from the pathological in sleep medicine. The fourth edition of the DSM (DSM-IV, 1994) introduced the clinical significance criterion (CSC) to standardize this judgment and enhance diagnostic reliability.

Methods: This review conducts a theoretical and historical content analysis of CSC presence, frequency, and formulation in the diagnostic criteria of sleep disorders.

Exploration of the Role of Cyclophilins in Established Hepatitis B and C Infections.

Cyclophilin (Cyp) inhibitors are of clinical interest in respect to their antiviral activities in the context of many viral infections including chronic hepatitis B and C. Cyps are a group of enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity (PPIase), known to be required for replication of diverse viruses including hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV). Amongst the Cyp family, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of CypA have been investigated in detail, but potential roles of other Cyps are less well studied in the context of viral hepatitis.

Synthesis of Resorcinol and Chlorophenol from Irradiation of 1,3-Dichlorobenzene in a Water Ice Environment by Low-Energy Electrons.

Dichlorobenzene is beneficial to industries, however, the release of this compound into the environment causes significant damage to ecosystems and human health, as it exhibits resistance to biodegradation. Here, we show that chlorophenol and resorcinol are synthesized from 1,3-dichlorobenzene in a water ice environment (1) directly on a poly-crystalline gold surface and (2) after low-energy (<12 eV) electron irradiation of admixture films. For the latter, at energies below 5.

Avolition Characterizes the Chronic Fatigue Experienced in Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Avolition is a symptom responsible for a high burden in patients suffering from psychiatric diseases. It refers to a motivation loss for initiating and maintaining goal-directed activities, often called fatigue by patients. Fatigue is a widespread complaint of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), significantly impacting patients' well-being, even during the quiescent stage of the disease.

A guide to the biogenesis and functions of endogenous small non-coding RNAs in animals.

Small non-coding RNAs can be categorized into two main classes: structural RNAs and regulatory RNAs. Structural RNAs, which are abundant and ubiquitously expressed, have essential roles in the maturation of pre-mRNAs, modification of rRNAs and the translation of coding transcripts. By contrast, regulatory RNAs are often expressed in a developmental-specific, tissue-specific or cell-type-specific manner and exert precise control over gene expression.

Detection of fungal pathogens by a histomolecular approach using targeted-massive parallel sequencing on formalin-fixed tissues: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Because fungal infections (FI) are frequently encountered by pathologists, it is crucial to improve fungal diagnosis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FT). We aimed to investigate if a histomolecular approach using targeted-massive parallel sequencing (MPS) could help detect and identify fungi on FT when no mycological diagnosis is available on fresh tissue.

Methods: Forty-nine FT from 48 patients with histopathological FI diagnosis but without mycological identification were retrospectively included.

Analysis of aliphatic and phenolic compounds present in industrial black liquors using HPLC-DAD and IC-MS/MS methods.

Carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds are essential building blocks and starting materials for the production of a wide range of fine chemicals and materials. Their recovery from kraft black liquor, an industrial effluent from pulp and paper mills, is a promising way to produce alternative bio-based chemicals. Reliable methods are needed to identify and quantify the molecules of interest in complex mixtures such as black liquors.

Management and outcome of mesh infection after abdominal wall reconstruction in a tertiary care center.

Purpose: Abdominal wall reconstruction is a common surgical procedure, with a post-operative risk of mesh-associated infection of which management is poorly known. This study aims to comprehensively analyze clinical and microbiological aspects of mesh infection, treatment modalities, and associated outcomes.

Methods: Patients with abdominal mesh infection were included in a retrospective observational cohort (2010-2023).

ACTB::ZMIZ2-rearranged adnexal carcinoma: a second case.

A case of cutaneous adnexal neoplasm with unusual squamoid morphology and harboring an in frame ACTB::ZMIZ2 fusion transcript was recently described. Herein, we report a second case of adnexal carcinoma harboring similar morphology and an identical in frame ACTB::ZMIZ2 fusion transcript. This 2.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma: open questions on the management and treatment algorithm.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) accounts for ~10% of all epithelial ovarian cancers and is considered a different entity from the more common high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), with distinct clinical presentations, different risk, and prognostic factors, and specific molecular features. Most OCCCs are diagnosed at an early stage and show favorable outcomes, in contrast to those diagnosed at advanced stages, which exhibit intrinsic resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy regimens and a very poor prognosis. The standard treatment of advanced OCCC is currently based on primary debulking surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy according to recent international guidelines.

Urethra-sparing prostate cancer radiotherapy: Current practices and future insights from an international survey.

Purpose: In prostate cancer patients, high radiation doses to the urethra have been associated with an increased risk of severe genitourinary toxicity following dose-escalated radiotherapy. Urethra-sparing techniques have emerged as a promising approach to reduce urinary toxicity. This international survey aims to evaluate current global practices in urethra-sparing and explore future directions for the implementation of this technique in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer.

DECORIN, a triceps-derived myokine, protects sorted β-cells and human islets against chronic inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Pancreatic β-cells are susceptible to inflammation, leading to decreased insulin production/secretion and cell death. Previously, we have identified a novel triceps-derived myokine, DECORIN, which plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle-to-pancreas interorgan communication. However, whether DECORIN can directly impact β-cell function and susceptibility to inflammation remains unexplored.

Exploring the general practitioners' perception of the inter-professional care of rheumatoid arthritis patients (GEPRA-II): a qualitative interview study.

Background: A lack of medication adherence among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported. Inter-professional collaborations seem essential for an optimal therapeutic management of patients. The aim of this study was to analyse the barriers and facilitators of general practitioners (GPs) for the implementation of collaborative support programmes in RA.

Barriers and Facilitators in Implementing a Telemonitoring Application for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Health Professionals: Ancillary Implementation Study of the NeLLY (New Health e-Link in the Lyon Region) Stepped-Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The use of telemonitoring to manage renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recommended by health authorities. However, despite these recommendations, the adoption of telemonitoring by both health care professionals and patients faces numerous challenges.

Objective: This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators in the implementation of a telemonitoring program for patients with CKD, as perceived by health care professionals and patients, and to explore factors associated with the adoption of the program.

Simultaneous Activation of Beta-Oxidation and De Novo Lipogenesis in MASLD-HCC: A New Paradigm.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we combine metabolomic and gene expression analysis to compare HCC tissues with non-tumoural tissues (NTT).

Methods: A non-targeted metabolomic strategy LC-MS was applied to 52 pairs of human MASLD-HCC and NTT separated into 2 groups according to fibrosis severity F0F1-F2 versus F3F4.

Monitoring Polypropylene Chain-Scission for Dissolution-Based Recycling by In Situ Near Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.

Within the context of polypropylene recycling by dissolution, the potential degradation of polypropylene in solution has been investigated using in situ NIR and Raman spectroscopy. Pure polypropylene, completely free of additives, and commercial polypropylene, low in additives, are degraded on purpose under different conditions. Genetic algorithm combined with partial least squares (GA-PLS) models have been built based on near-infrared (NIR) spectra, and partial least squares (PLS) models based on Raman spectra, to predict the mass average molar mass and the chain-scission rate, respectively, during the degradation process.

The Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectrum of BRPF1-Related Disorder: 29 New Patients and Literature Review.

Intellectual Developmental Disorder with Dysmorphic Facies and Ptosis (IDDDFP) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the BRPF1 gene, which is critical for chromatin regulation. This study expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of IDDDFP by analysing 29 new patients from 20 families with confirmed BRPF1 variants. Our cohort presented with a wide range of clinical features including developmental delay, intellectual disability (ID) and characteristic dysmorphic facial features such as ptosis, blepharophimosis and a broad nasal bridge.

The 2025 motile active matter roadmap.

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological active systems, various types of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been designed, which provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent active materials.

Inferior outcome of stand-alone short versus long tibial stem in revision total knee arthroplasty. A retrospective comparative study with minimum 2 year follow-up.

Introduction: Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty (RTKA) is complex, and induced bone loss might endanger implant fixation and joint stability. Intramedullary stems improve fixation throughout stress redistribution. The current study aims to compare the performance of short tibial stems with long tibial stems, investigating their intermediate-term radiographic and survival outcomes in RTKA.

Binding-Site Switch for Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibitors.

The serine/threonine protein kinase CK2, a tetramer composed of a regulatory dimer (CK2β) bound to two catalytic subunits CK2α, is a well-established therapeutic target for various pathologies, including cancer and viral infections. Several types of CK2 inhibitors have been developed, including inhibitors that bind to the catalytic ATP-site, bivalent inhibitors that occupy both the CK2α ATP-site and the αD pocket, and inhibitors that target the CK2α/CK2β interface. Interestingly, the bivalent inhibitor AB668 shares a similar chemical structure with the interface inhibitor CCH507.