Booklice Liposcelis bostrychophila Naturally Infected by Rickettsia felis Cause Fever and Experimental Pneumonia in Mammals.

Background: Rickettsia felis is emergent in tropical areas. Despite its high morbidity, its natural history has not yet been fully determined. We investigated the role of the common household booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila, recently found to harbor R.

Brachial Plexus' Schwannoma in a Child.

Children's schwannoma is a rare condition, generally occurring in a sporadic way. Its aetiology is still not fully understood. We report the case of a 10-year old girl who presented a left shoulder mass, along motility reduction of the left upper limb for 24 months before presentation at our service.

Heat waves and health risks in the northern part of Senegal: analysing the distribution of temperature-related diseases and associated risk factors.

The Sahelian zone of Senegal experienced heat waves in the previous decades, such as 2013, 2016 and 2018 that were characterised by temperatures exceeding 45°C for up to 3 successive days. The health impacts of these heat waves are not yet analysed in Senegal although their negative effects have been shown in many countries. This study analyses the health impacts of observed extreme temperatures in the Sahelian zone of the country, focusing on morbidity and mortality by combining data from station observation, climate model projections, and household survey to investigate heat wave detection, occurrence of climate-sensitive diseases and risk factors for exposure.

Perfect association between spatial swarm segregation and the X-chromosome speciation island in hybridizing Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae populations.

The sibling species An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.

Tangent nonlinear equation in context of fractal fractional operators with nonsingular kernel.

In this manuscript, we investigate the approximate solutions to the tangent nonlinear packaging equation in the context of fractional calculus. It is an important equation because shock and vibrations are unavoidable circumstances for the packaged goods during transport from production plants to the consumer. We consider the fractal fractional Caputo operator and Atangana-Baleanu fractal fractional operator with nonsingular kernel to obtain the numerical consequences.

[Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in sub-Saharan Africa: experience in the Albert Royer National Children's Hospital Center, Senegal].

Introduction: congenital diaphragmatic hernia has been rarely reported in Africa. It can manifests early or late. Prognosis mainly depends on associated malformations.

Genetic control of rhizosheath formation in pearl millet.

The rhizosheath, the layer of soil that adheres strongly to roots, influences water and nutrients acquisition. Pearl millet is a cereal crop that plays a major role for food security in arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and India. We previously showed that root-adhering soil mass is a heritable trait in pearl millet and that it correlates with changes in rhizosphere microbiota structure and functions.

Use of traditional medicine and control of hypertension in 12 African countries.

Background: Use of traditional medicine (TM) is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa as a treatment option for a wide range of disease. We aimed to describe main characteristics of TM users and estimate the association of TM use with control of hypertension.

Methods: We used data on 2128 hypertensive patients of a cross-sectional study (convenience sampling), who attended cardiology departments of 12 sub-Saharan African countries (Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Senegal, Togo).

Do drugs interact together in cardiovascular prevention? A meta-analysis of powerful or factorial randomized controlled trials.

Aim Of The Study: To explore whether preventive cardiovascular drugs (antihypertensive, antiplatelet, lipid lowering and hypoglycemic agents) interact together in cardiovascular prevention.

Methods: We searched PubMed®, Web of science™, Embase and Cochrane library for powerful randomized placebo-controlled trials (>1000 patients). We explored whether drug effect on major vascular events changed according to cross-exposure to other drug classes or to cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension or type 2 diabetes), through a meta-analysis of relative odds ratio computed by trial subgroups.

An early warning system for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Global sequencing and surveillance capacity for SARS-CoV-2 must be strengthened and combined with multidisciplinary studies of infectivity, virulence, and immune escape, in order to track the unpredictable evolution of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Analysis and Simulation of Fractional Order Smoking Epidemic Model.

In recent years, there are many new definitions that were proposed related to fractional derivatives, and with the help of these definitions, mathematical models were established to overcome the various real-life problems. The true purpose of the current work is to develop and analyze Atangana-Baleanu (AB) with Mittag-Leffler kernel and Atangana-Toufik method (ATM) of fractional derivative model for the Smoking epidemic. Qualitative analysis has been made to `verify the steady state.

[Sexuality assessment of homozygous adult sickle cell patients with a history of priapism in Senegal].

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sexuality of SS sickle cell patients with a history of priapism.

Methods: This was a case-control study of adult SS sickle cell patients. The occurrence of priapism as well as the nature of the priapism had been investigated.

When the messenger is more important than the message: an experimental study of evidence use in francophone Africa.

Background: Epistemic injustices are increasingly decried in global health. This study aims to investigate whether the source of knowledge influences the perception of that knowledge and the willingness to use it in francophone African health policy-making context.

Methods: The study followed a randomized experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to one of seven policy briefs that were designed with the same scientific content but with different organizations presented as authors.

Pressure-induced multi-step and self-organized spin states in an electro-elastic model for spin-crossover solids.

Spin transition materials are known to exhibit a rich variety of behaviors under several stimuli, among which pressure leads to major changes in their electronic and elastic properties. From an experimental point of view, thermal spin transitions under isotropic pressure showed transformations from (i) hysteretic to continuous transformations where the hysteresis width vanishes beyond some threshold pressure value; this is the conventional case. In several other cases very pathological and unexpected behaviours emerged, like (ii) persistent hysteresis under pressure; (iii) non-uniform behavior of the thermal hysteresis width which first increases with pressure and then decreases and vanishes at higher pressures; (iv) furthermore, double step transitions induced by pressure are also often obtained, where the pressure triggers the appearance of a plateau during the thermal transition, leading to two-step transitions, and finally (v) other non-conventional re-entrant transitions, where the thermal hysteresis vanishes at some pressure and then reappears at higher pressure values are also observed.

Identification of Regulatory Element Containing Functional Genetic Variants Associated with Severe Malaria.

Genome-wide association studies for severe malaria (SM) have identified 30 genetic variants mostly located in non-coding regions. Here, we aimed to identify potential causal genetic variants located in these loci and demonstrate their functional activity. We systematically investigated the regulatory effect of the SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the malaria-associated genetic variants.

A climate-based model for tick life cycle: positive semigroup theory on Cauchy problem approach.

The distribution of ticks is essentially determined by the presence of climatic conditions and ecological contexts suitable for their survival and development. We build a model that explicitly takes into account each physiological state through a system of infinite differential equations where tick population density are structured on an infinite discrete set. We suppose that intrastage development process is temperature dependent (Arrhenius temperatures function) and that larvae hatching and adult mortality are temperature and water vapor deficit dependent.

Sensitivity and specificity for malaria classification of febrile persons by rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, parasite DNA, histidine-rich protein 2, and IgG: Dakar, Senegal 2015.

Objectives: Different methods for detecting Plasmodium parasite infection or exposure are available, but a systematic comparison of all these methodologies to predict malaria infection is lacking. Understanding the characteristics of respective tests is helpful in choosing the most appropriate tests for epidemiological or research purposes.

Methods: We performed microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 496 patients presenting with febrile illness in Dakar, Senegal, in 2015.

Impact of new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro.

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is involved in complications on immunocompromised patients. Current therapeutics are associated with several drawbacks, such as nephrotoxicity.

Purpose: As HCMV infection affects inflammation pathways, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production via cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme (COX-2), we designed 2'-hydroxychalcone compounds to inhibit human cytomegalovirus.

Effectiveness of a New Self-Marking Technique in under Laboratory Conditions.

In the implementation of mosquito control strategy programs using Sterile Insect Technique and other rear and release strategies, knowledge on the dispersion, competitiveness and survival of mosquitos is considered essential. To assess these parameters, marking techniques are generally used to differentiate colony mosquitoes from wild ones. Most of the existing mosquito marking methods require numerous manipulations that can impact their quality.

Physiological and genetic control of transpiration efficiency in African rice, Oryza glaberrima Steud.

Improving crop water use efficiency, the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass per unit of water used by a plant, is of major importance as water for agriculture becomes scarcer. In rice, the genetic bases of transpiration efficiency, the derivation of water use efficiency at the whole-plant scale, and its putative component trait transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand remain unknown. These traits were measured in 2019 in a panel of 147 African rice (Oryza glaberrima) genotypes known to be potential sources of tolerance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Speciation of metals by sequential extractions of agricultural soils located near a dumpsite for prediction of element availability to vegetables.

In this paper heavy metal pollution has been investigated by comparing total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Sr) in soils from four agricultural fields (S1, S2, S3, S4) located in the direct vicinity of the largest landfill in Senegal. The sequential test allowed discriminating between various fractions of heavy metals, namely the acid-extractable fraction, the fraction bound to Fe oxides, the fraction bound to organic matter and the residual fraction. It was proven that the most important fractions of metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Sr and Zn) are bound to the residual fraction, more than 50% for most sites, and thus they may be relatively hardly liberated into the environment.

Factors influencing hesitancy towards adult and child COVID-19 vaccines in rural and urban West Africa: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aims: (1) to identify and describe similarities and differences in both adult and child COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and (2) to examine sociodemographic, perception-related and behavioural factors influencing vaccine hesitancy across five West African countries.

Design: Cross-sectional survey carried out between 5 May and 5 June 2021.

Participants And Setting: 4198 individuals from urban and rural settings in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Senegal and Sierra Leone participated in the survey.