Conditioning a collective avoidance response in rummy-nose tetra.

Escape waves in animal groups, such as bird flocks and fish schools, have attracted a lot of attention, as they provide the opportunity to better understand how information can efficiently propagate in moving groups, and how individuals can coordinate their actions under the threat of predators. There is a lack of appropriate experimental protocols to study escape waves in highly social fish, in which the number of individuals initiating the escape and the identity of the initiators are controlled. Indeed, highly social fish or obligate schoolers have a tendency to not respond well or to freeze when tested in experimental setups designed for single individuals.

Building a reliable 16S mini-barcode library of wild bees from Occitania, south-west of France.

Background: DNA barcoding and metabarcoding are now powerful tools for studying biodiversity and especially the accurate identification of large sample collections belonging to diverse taxonomic groups. Their success depends largely on the taxonomic resolution of the DNA sequences used as barcodes and on the reliability of the reference databases. For wild bees, the barcode sequences coverage is consistently growing in volume, but some incorrect species annotations need to be cared for.

Effects of Social Structure on Effective Population Size Change Estimates.

Most methods currently used to infer the "demographic history of species" interpret this expression as a history of population size changes. The detection, quantification, and dating of demographic changes often rely on the assumption that population structure can be neglected. However, most vertebrates are typically organized in populations subdivided into social groups that are usually ignored in the interpretation of genetic data.

Clinical SANTI classification of arthrogenic muscle inhibition has an excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability in preoperative and post-operative anterior cruciate ligament rupture.

Purpose: Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is a reflexive shutdown of the quadriceps muscles following a knee injury or surgery that presents with or without hamstring contracture. This complication can be classified according to the SANTI classification, but the reproducibility of this clinical classification has not yet been demonstrated.

Methods: This single-centre longitudinal observational study included 140 patients who were within 6 weeks of an ACL rupture.

Daratumumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone in untreated multiple myeloma: analysis of key subgroups of the MAIA study.

In the MAIA study (median follow-up, 56.2 months), daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) alone in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). In this post hoc analysis of clinically important subgroups in MAIA (median follow-up, 64.

Fine social discrimination of siblings in mice: Implications for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

The ability to distinguish between individuals is crucial for social species and supports behaviors such as reproduction, hierarchy formation, and cooperation. In rodents, social discrimination relies on memory and the recognition of individual-specific cues, known as "individual signatures". While olfactory signals are central, other sensory cues - such as auditory, visual, and tactile inputs - also play a role.

Differences in maternal diet fiber content influence patterns of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in fetuses and piglets.

This study investigates the impact of maternal gestation diets with varying fiber contents on gene expression and chromatin accessibility in fetuses and piglets fed a low fiber diet post weaning. High-fiber maternal diets, enriched with sugar beet pulp or pea internal fiber, were compared to a low-fiber maternal diet to evaluate their effects on liver and muscle tissues. The findings demonstrate that maternal high-fiber diets significantly alter chromatin accessibility, predicted transcription factor activity and transcriptional landscape in both fetuses and piglets.

Acute and chronic systemic inflammation associated with canine nodular splenic lesions composed of heterogeneous cell components: four cases (2020-2024).

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of dogs with nodular splenic lesions composed of heterogeneous cell components associated with systemic inflammation and to provide information on the outcome after surgical resection.

Materials And Methods: Medical records were searched for dogs with histologically and immunohistochemically characterised nodular splenic lesions with mixed stromal, histiocytic and lymphoid cells and the presence of systemic inflammatory markers at the time of diagnosis.

Results: Four dogs were included, of which three had an undifferentiated splenic stromal sarcoma and one had a splenic leiomyosarcoma.

Wave ripples formed in ancient, ice-free lakes in Gale crater, Mars.

Symmetrical wave ripples identified with NASA's Curiosity rover in ancient lake deposits at Gale crater provide a key paleoclimate constraint for early Mars: At the time of ripple formation, climate conditions must have supported ice-free liquid water on the surface of Mars. These features are the most definitive examples of wave ripples on another planet. The ripples occur in two stratigraphic intervals within the orbitally defined Layered Sulfate Unit: a thin but laterally extensive unit at the base of the Amapari member of the Mirador formation, and a sandstone lens within the Contigo member of the Mirador formation.

Evaluation of the predictive value of CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands on residual disability and risk of relapse in adult patients with MOGAD: MOGADOC study.

Background: The clinical course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is variable. However, robust markers of poor outcome and/or relapse risk are still missing.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid-restricted oligoclonal bands (CSF-OCB) in a national cohort of adult MOGAD patients and to assess their prognostic value for the risk of relapse and severity.

How tailor-made copolymers can control the structure and properties of hybrid nanomaterials: the case of polyionic complexes.

Hybrid polyionic complexes (HPICs) are colloidal structures with a charged core rich in metal ions and a neutral hydrophilic corona. Their properties, whether as reservoirs or catalysts, depend on the accessibility and environment of the metal ions. This study demonstrates that modifying the coordination sphere of these ions can tune the properties of HPICs by altering the composition of the complexing block or varying formulation conditions.

Reconstructed Epidermis Produced with Atopic Dog Keratinocytes Only Exhibit Skin Barrier Defects after the Addition of Proinflammatory and Allergic Cytokines.

Our objectives were to explore epidermal barrier defects in dogs with atopic dermatitis and to determine whether the defects are genetically determined or secondary to skin inflammation. First, the expression of filaggrin, corneodesmosin, and claudin1, analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence in skin biopsies collected from 32 healthy and 32 dogs with atopic dermatitis, was weaker in the atopic skin ( .003).

Organoids, organs-on-chips, complex in vitro model: Definitions, applications, validation, ethics.

Over the past decade, new in vitro biological models have emerged which can reproduce certain characteristics of human physiology and pathologies. From organoids to organs-on-chips, these new technologies are currently revolutionizing the entire chain of research and development in pharmacology. All stakeholders are thus involved, from academic laboratories to pharmaceutical companies, start-ups, and assessment agencies.

Prevalence and Significance of the Presence of Anti-transglutaminase and Anti-endomysium Antibodies in Patients with Early Inflammatory Joint Disease.

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) affects the small intestine, leading to a progressive disappearance of intestinal villi, and can be found in association with several other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the clinical significance of anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysium antibodies in patients diagnosed with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods: We measured anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysium antibodies in biobanked serum samples at inclusion in two French prospective multicenter cohorts of patients with suspected early rheumatoid arthritis (ESPOIR, n = 713) and spondyloarthritis (DESIR, n = 709).

Genetic inbreeding load and its individual prediction for milk yield in French dairy sheep.

Background: The magnitude of inbreeding depression depends on the recessive burden of the individual, which can be traced back to the hidden (recessive) inbreeding load among ancestors. However, these ancestors carry different alleles at potentially deleterious loci and therefore there is individual variability of this inbreeding load. Estimation of the additive genetic value for inbreeding load is possible using a decomposition of inbreeding in partial inbreeding components due to ancestors.

Floodplain forests drive fruit-eating fish diversity at the Amazon Basin-scale.

Unlike most rivers globally, nearly all lowland Amazonian rivers have unregulated flow, supporting seasonally flooded floodplain forests. Floodplain forests harbor a unique tree species assemblage adapted to flooding and specialized fauna, including fruit-eating fish that migrate seasonally into floodplains, favoring expansive floodplain areas. Frugivorous fish are forest-dependent fauna critical to forest regeneration via seed dispersal and support commercial and artisanal fisheries.

Genomic exploration of the journey of Plasmodium vivax in Latin America.

Plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria parasite in Latin America. Its colonization history in the region is rich and complex, and is still highly debated, especially about its origin(s). Our study employed cutting-edge population genomic techniques to analyze whole genome variation from 620 P.

Identification of novel genes responsible for a pollen killer present in local natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Gamete killers are genetic loci that distort segregation in the progeny of hybrids because the killer allele promotes the elimination of the gametes that carry the sensitive allele. They are widely distributed in eukaryotes and are important for understanding genome evolution and speciation. We had previously identified a pollen killer in hybrids between two distant natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Scaling up morphological differentiation of pangolin scales: Serial, ontogenetic and evolutionary variation.

Pangolins are the most heavily trafficked mammals in the world, largely because of the high demand for their keratinous scales from the traditional Chinese medicine market. While seizures of pangolin material are largely composed of isolated scales, efficient approaches to reach species-level identification are missing. This mostly originates from the lack of comparative studies on the shape of pangolin scales, resulting in knowledge gaps on the imbricated effects of serial, ontogenetic, and evolutionary variations.

Aarskog-Scott syndrome: a clinical study based on a large series of 111 male patients with a pathogenic variant in and management recommendations.

Background: Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare condition with multiple congenital anomalies, caused by hemizygote variants in the gene. Its description was based mostly on old case reports, in whom a molecular diagnosis was not always available, or on small series. The aim of this study was to better delineate the phenotype and the natural history of AAS and to provide clues for the diagnosis and the management of the patients.

The pathway to resolve dimeric forms distinguishes plasmids from megaplasmids in Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacterial genomes contain a plethora of secondary replicons of divergent size. Circular replicons must carry a system for resolving dimeric forms, resulting from recombination between sister copies. These systems use site-specific recombinases.

An Electrical Method to Detect Both Crack Creation and Propagation in Solid Electrical Insulators.

Fracto-emission is the ejection of electrons and positive ions from matter undergoing a mechanical fracture. The creation and propagation of fractures in insulating material can generate an electrical signal that can be detected using a sufficiently fast signal recorder. The theoretical equations related to crack creation/propagation that induce an externally electric signal are detailed for two conditions: with and without an external applied electric voltage.