TransCatheter aortic valve implantation and fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention versus conventional surgical aortic valve replacement and coronary bypass grafting for treatment of patients with aortic valve stenosis and complex or multivessel coronary disease (TCW): an international, multicentre, prospective, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Patients with severe aortic stenosis present frequently (∼50%) with concomitant obstructive coronary artery disease. Current guidelines recommend combined surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as the preferred treatment. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) represent a valid treatment alternative.

Opto-Avoidance-Elevated Plus Maze protocol to study positive or negative valence upon optogenetic stimulation in the mouse brain.

The elevated plus maze (EPM) apparatus consists of two open arms that provide aversive spaces and two closed arms that provide protective and welcoming spaces. Here, we present a protocol to implement the classical EPM apparatus in a real-time optogenetic environment to address behavioral avoidance in mice. We describe steps for performing stereotaxic surgery, mouse manipulation, and experimental setup.

Postbiotics for the management of obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. Beyond microbial viability.

Highly prevalent comorbidities associated with metabolic syndrome, such as abdominal obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin-resistance/Type 2 diabetes (IR/T2D) share alterations in gut microbiota composition as a potential triggering factor. Recent studies put the attention in the potential usage of postbiotics (inactivated probiotics) on these metabolic alterations. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of postbiotic administration in both, preclinical and clinical studies, for the management of obesity, NAFLD and IR/T2D.

Disease-modifying treatment and disability progression in subclasses of patients with primary progressive MS: results from the Big MS Data Network.

Background: Effectiveness of disease-modifying treatment (DMT) in people affected by primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is limited. Whether specific subgroups may benefit more from DMT in a real-world setting remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the potential effect of DMT on disability worsening among patients with PPMS stratified by different disability trajectories.

Surgical pathology and sustainable development: international landscape and prospects.

The healthcare sector significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, with surgical pathology (SP) playing a notable role. This review explores the ecological transformation of SP, offering a global overview of existing challenges and sustainable initiatives worldwide.While some countries, such as the UK and France, have developed national strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of healthcare, including SP, many regions remain at an early stage of implementing green practices.

MRI management of NMOSD and MOGAD: Proposals from the French Expert Group NOMADMUS.

Background: Currently, there are no available recommendations or guidelines on how to perform MRI monitoring in the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The issue is to determine a valuable MRI monitoring protocol to be applied in the management of NMOSD and MOGAD, as previously proposed for the monitoring of multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: The objectives of this work are to establish proposals for a standardized and feasible MRI acquisition protocol, and to propose control time points for systematic MRI monitoring in the management of NMOSD and MOGAD.

Ocrelizumab in Early-Stage Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: The Phase IIIb ENSEMBLE 4-Year, Single-Arm, Open-Label Trial.

Background And Objectives: Early treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) reduces disease activity and the risk of long-term disease progression. Effectiveness of ocrelizumab is established in relapsing MS (RMS); however, data in early RMS are lacking. We evaluated the 4-year effectiveness and safety of ocrelizumab as a first-line therapy in treatment-naive patients with recently diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

[Effects of air pollution on eye health].

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON EYE HEALTH. In addition to its well-known effects on cardio-respiratory health, air pollution could also have an impact on eye health. Indeed, certain air pollutants, especially fine particles and nitrogen dioxide, can enter the bloodstream, triggering oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the development of the major eye diseases (glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration [AMD], cataracts).

Reconciling Pollen Limitation Theories: Insights From Temperate Oak Masting.

Pollen limitation has a considerable influence on forest masting, the highly variable and synchronised seed production, on which forest regeneration and ecosystem dynamics largely rely. Depending on the various mechanisms possibly involved in pollen limitation, the consequences of climate change on masting could be very different. These mechanisms were investigated in 10 oak populations along a climatic gradient using surveys of airborne pollen and fruiting rate as a proxy of pollen limitation.

Membrane mechanics dictate axonal pearls-on-a-string morphology and function.

Axons are ultrathin membrane cables that are specialized for the conduction of action potentials. Although their diameter is variable along their length, how their morphology is determined is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that unmyelinated axons of the mouse central nervous system have nonsynaptic, nanoscopic varicosities ~200 nm in diameter repeatedly along their length interspersed with a thin cable ~60 nm in diameter like pearls-on-a-string.

Molecular interactions driving the complexation of rose bengal by triazine-carbosilane dendrons.

Amphiphilic dendrons or Janus dendrimers self-assembling into nanoscale vesicles offer promising avenues for drug delivery. Triazine-carbosilane dendrons have shown great potential for the intracellular delivery of rose bengal, additionally enhancing its phototoxic activity through non-covalent interactions. Thus, understanding the complexation dynamics between dendrons and photosensitizers is crucial for the development of efficient drug carriers.

Association between education level and access to disease-modifying treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis in France.

Background: We hypothesized that differences in access to disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) could explain the association between socioeconomic status and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between education level and DMT use in France.

Methods: All patients from OFSEP network with MS onset over 1996-2014 and aged ⩾ 25 years at onset were included.

Modified neuroimmune processes and emotional behaviour in weaned and late adolescent male and female mice born via caesarean section.

Elective and emergency Caesarean section (C-section) procedures are on the rise, exceeding the recommended guidelines by the World Health Organization. Higher morbidities and long-term health conditions are correlated to C-section deliveries, including neurodevelopmental disorders. During C-section delivery, newborns are not exposed to the vaginal commensal flora, which impedes the early establishment of the gut microbiota.

NSAID exposure delays time-to-pregnancy in patients with spondyloarthritis: an analysis of the GR2 prospective cohort.

Background: The impact of disease activity and treatment on fertility outcomes in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been little explored. This study aimed to describe median time to pregnancy (TTP) in women with SpA and the factors influencing TTP in this population.

Methods: This prospective observational multicentre (63 centres) French cohort (GR2 study-NCT02450396) included consecutive women with a diagnosis of SpA (according to their rheumatologist) who wanted to become pregnant between 2015 and 2021.

Association between education level and disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis in France.

Background: Studies have reported an association between socioeconomic status and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), but findings using the pre-MS individual socioeconomic status are missing.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the association between education level and disability progression.

Methods: All Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) patients with MS clinical onset over 1960-2014, and aged ⩾25 years at MS onset were included.