Simultaneous effects of high-speed circuit training (HSCT) and high-speed interval training (HSIT) on physical fitness and lung volumes of males after coronavirus disease.

Background: People who are quarantined after coronavirus disease experience immobility, obesity and changes in the cardiopulmonary system. We hypothesized that the concurrent use of high-speed circuit training (HSCT) and high-speed interval training (HSIT) can be used to improve physical fitness and respiratory functions.

Methodology: Physical education students (n = 65, 18-22 yrs.

Impact of Technical-Tactical and Physical Performance on the Match Outcome in Professional Soccer: A Case Study.

Match outcomes and championship rankings are the consequence of the team's technical, tactical, and physical variables. This study aimed to compare physical and modern technical-tactical performance variables between matches with different outcomes for a professional soccer team. Total distance covered, distance covered between 20.

Effects of In-Season Strength Training on Physical Fitness and Injury Prevention in North African Elite Young Female Soccer Players.

Background: Strength training (ST) primarily enhances physical fitness (e.g., muscle strength, power, speed) and bone density in female soccer players.

Changes in Physical Fitness, Muscle Damage and Cognitive Function in Elite Rugby Players over a Season.

This study proposes to monitor the physical, immune and cognitive responses and adaptations of elite rugby players throughout the season based on the loads performed. Anthropometric measurements, physical fitness tests (e.g.

Effects of HIIT training and HIIT combined with circuit resistance training on measures of physical fitness, miRNA expression, and metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese middle-aged women.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and HIIT combined with circuit resistance training (HCRT) on selected measures of physical fitness, the expression of miR-9, -15a, -34a, -145, and - 155 as well as metabolic risk factors including lipid profiles and insulin resistance in middle-aged overweight/obese women.

Methods: Twenty-seven overweight/obese women aged 35-50 yrs. were randomized to HIIT (n = 14) or HCRT (n = 13) groups.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between ACTN3 R577X Genotypes and Performance in Endurance Versus Power Athletes and Non-athletes.

Background: Previous studies reported differences in genotype frequency of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms (rs1815739; RR, RX and XX) in athletes and non-athletic populations. This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed ACTN3 R577X genotype frequencies in power versus endurance athletes and non-athletes.

Methods: Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus) were searched for research articles published until December 31st, 2022.

Acute effects of sodium citrate supplementation on competitive performance and lactate level of elite fitness challenge athletes: A crossover, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

Purpose: The performance of sodium citrate has been investigated in high-intensity exercises, but fewer studies have addressed the role of citrate in weight-bearing exercises.

Methods: Twenty fitness challenge athletes, aged 24-32 years, volunteered to participate in this crossover, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Initially, ten athletes were given a placebo and asked to complete a fitness challenge (i.

Association between "cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)" and adipose tissue lipolysis during exercise training: a systematic review.

Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the scavenger class B receptor family and is encoded by the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) gene. This receptor has a high affinity for fatty acids and is involved in lipid metabolism. An abundance of FAT/CD36 during exercise occurs in mitochondria and solitary muscles.

Physical exercise for a healthy pregnancy: the role of placentokines and exerkines.

Complications such as diabetes and preeclampsia can occur during pregnancy. Moderate-intensity exercise can prevent such complications by releasing placentokines and exerkines, such as apelin, adiponectin, leptin, irisin, and chemerin. Exercise and apelin increase thermogenesis and glucose uptake in pregnancy by activating AMPK, PI3K, PGC-1α, AKT1, UCP3, and sarcolipin.

Mental health, eating habits and physical activity levels of elite Iranian athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life styles of millions of people worldwide. This study investigated changes in the health, physical activity levels and eating habits of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Iran.

Methods: 383 (248 female and 135 male) elite athletes (168.

Timing of Resistance Training During Ramadan Fasting and Its Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy.

Purpose: During Ramadan month, Muslims often continue training to maintain their muscle performance. However, trainers should stress the importance of the time of day chosen for practicing resistance training (RT) during Ramadan fasting to avoid health and performance alteration. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the timing of RT during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy male adults.

Effects of Malocclusion on Maximal Aerobic Capacity and Athletic Performance in Young Sub-Elite Athletes.

Oral pathologies can cause athletic underperformance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of malocclusion on maximal aerobic capacity in young athletes with the same anthropometric data, diet, training mode, and intensity from the same athletics training center. Sub-elite track and field athletes (middle-distance runners) with malocclusion (experimental group (EG); n = 37; 21 girls; age: 15.

Exercise and mitochondrial mechanisms in patients with sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is a severe loss of muscle mass and functional decline during aging that can lead to reduced quality of life, limited patient independence, and increased risk of falls. The causes of sarcopenia include inactivity, oxidant production, reduction of antioxidant defense, disruption of mitochondrial activity, disruption of mitophagy, and change in mitochondrial biogenesis. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of sarcopenia.

Effects of two workload-matched high intensity interval training protocols on regulatory factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats.

High intensity interval training (HIIT) improves mitochondrial characteristics. This study compared the impact of two workload-matched high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols with different work:recovery ratios on regulatory factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups: non-diabetic control, diabetic control (DC), diabetic with long recovery exercise [4-5 × 2-min running at 80%-90% of the maximum speed reached with 2-min of recovery at 40% of the maximum speed reached (DHIIT1:1)], and diabetic with short recovery exercise (5-6 × 2-min running at 80%-90% of the maximum speed reached with 1-min of recovery at 30% of the maximum speed reached [DHIIT2:1]).

Effects of different training intensities in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on maximal aerobic velocity, hematological and muscle-damage markers in healthy young adults.

This study aimed to examine the effects of two high-intensity interval training programs (HIIT) on maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), hematological variations and muscle damage markers in young healthy adults. Twenty-nine male physical education students, aged 20.3 ± 3.

High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats.

Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.

Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT.

Inflammatory cytokines and metabolic responses to high-intensity intermittent training: effect of the exercise intensity.

To examine the effects of two high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) programs of varying intensities (100% vs. 110% of maximal aerobic velocity [MAV]) on metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory markers in young men. Thirty-seven active male volunteers were randomly assigned into: HIIT experimental groups (100% MAV [EG, n = 9] and 110% MAV [EG, n = 9]) and a control groups (CG, n = 9 and CG, n = 9).

Comparison of Cross-Education and Global Training Effects in Adults and Youth After Unilateral Strength Training.

Chaouachi, A, Ben Othman, A, Chaouachi, M, Hechmi, A, Farthing, JP, Granacher, U, and Behm, DG. Comparison of cross-education and global training effects in adults and youth after unilateral strength training. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2121-2131, 2022-Youth strength training research examining contralateral, homologous (cross-education), and heterologous (global training) effects after unilateral training have provided mixed results and the relationship to adults has not been compared.

Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test: Discriminant Validity and an Update with the Gold-Standard Wingate Test.

The aim of this study was to update the validity of the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test compared with the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test as the "Gold-Standard", squat jump and countermovement jump tests. The second objective was to examine whether this new specific test would be able to effectively discriminate between elite taekwondo athletes of different competitive levels. Twenty taekwondo athletes (15 males and 5 females) participated in the validation component, whereas 18 (14 males and 4 females) and 16 (13 males and 3 females) athletes participated in the reliability analysis of the Wingate anaerobic test and jumping tests, respectively.

Unilateral Elbow Flexion and Leg Press Training Induce Cross-Education But Not Global Training Gains in Children.

Purpose: Whereas cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults, there are far fewer youth investigations. Two studies suggested that children had greater global responses to unilateral knee extensor fatigue and training, respectively, than adults. The objective of this study was to compare global training responses and cross-education effects after unilateral elbow flexion (EFlex) and leg press (LP) training.

Minimum predicted distance: Applying a common metric to collision avoidance strategies between children and adult walkers.

Background: Collision avoidance between two walkers involves a mutual adaptation to speed and orientation in order to successfully avoid a collision. Minimum Predicted Distance (MPD) is the distance at which two walkers would collide if their speed and path trajectory were maintained at first sight of one another. MPD has been used to describe the risk of collision and its evolution over time between two adult walkers when on a collision course.

Positive Correlations Between Free Vitamin D and Bone Variables in a Group of Young Lebanese Women.

Optimizing bone mass in adulthood is of great importance to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis in later age. Vitamin D is an essential component of bone health. Low-serum vitamin D is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD), which is an important predictor of fracture risk.

Test-retest reliability and criterion validity of a new Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the relative and absolute test-retest reliability and criterion validity of a new Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test (TAIKT).

Methods: Twenty Tunisian elite Taekwondo athletes participated in this study (15 males and 5 females). Participants performed the TAIKT and the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), twice (test and retest), on separate occasions three-week apart.