Cytokine-Ion Channel Interactions in Pulmonary Inflammation.

The lungs conceptually represent a sponge that is interposed in series in the bodies' systemic circulation to take up oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. As such, it matches the huge surface areas of the alveolar epithelium to the pulmonary blood capillaries. The lung's constant exposure to the exterior necessitates a competent immune system, as evidenced by the association of clinical immunodeficiencies with pulmonary infections.

[Consensus-Based Guidelines for Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents - A Guideline on Behalf of the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI)].

Recently, epidemiological data shows an increase of childhood tuberculosis in Germany. In addition to this, drug resistant tuberculosis becomes more frequent. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention and therapy in childhood and adolescence remain a challenge.

[Acute skin infections and their imitators in children : A photo quiz].

Background: Skin infections account for 40% of emergency visits in pediatric dermatology. It is important to promptly recognize skin infections with potential complications and initiate treatment. However some characteristic skin findings may imitate skin infections and are often misdiagnosed.

Screening of 181 Patients With Antibody Deficiency for Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Sheds New Light on the Disease in Adulthood.

Objective: We aimed to test the relevance of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) in patients with antibody deficiency and describe the clinical picture of the disease in adulthood.

Methods: We screened for DADA2 in a cohort of 181 patients with antibody deficiency with or without vascular lesions using next-generation sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing. All mutations were confirmed by determining the ADA2 enzymatic activity levels in dried plasma spots.

Patient-specific biodegradable implant in pediatric craniofacial surgery.

Surgical correction of premature fusion of calvarial sutures involving the fronto-orbital region can be challenging due to the demanding three-dimensional (3D) anatomy. If fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) is necessary, surgery is typically performed using resorbable plates and screws that are bent manually intraoperatively. A new approach using individually manufactured resorbable implants (KLS Martin Group, Tuttlingen, Germany) is presented in the current paper.

[Monitoring tidal volumes when using the Ventrain® emergency ventilator].

Background: The Ventrain® emergency ventilation device allows active inspiration and expiration through transtracheal catheters or the lumen of an airway exchange catheter. This single-use handheld device is manually operated and driven by an external pressurized oxygen source. The Ventrain® may be used to ventilate patients with a complete or pending upper airway obstruction reducing the risk of barotrauma due to the possibility of active expiration.

[Experiences and support needs of parents of hospitalized children with multiple disabilities: a qualitative study].

Background: The hospitalisation of a multiple disabled child is stressful for parents because they continue to carry out demanding care procedures in hospital. Yet, systematic knowledge of the parental experience and of their support needs is missing.

Question: How do parents experience the hospitalisation, and which support needs do they identify for this period? Methods: Twenty-six parents (24 mothers, 2 fathers) of 24 children with multiple disabilities have participated in this qualitative study.

Inflammatory markers in pediatric stroke: An attempt to better understanding the pathophysiology.

Background: The mechanisms of childhood and perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) are poorly understood. Multiple risk factors include cerebral arteriopathy, congenital cardiac disease, infection, sickle cell disease, and maternal-fetal conditions in neonates. For infections and parainfectious conditions being the most important a possible inflammatory pathophysiology has long been suspected.

[Transcranial focused ultrasound: Neurological applications of magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound].

Background: Ultrasound surgery uses the thermal effects of the absorption of high-intensity focused ultrasound to induce localized thermal ablation of diseased tissue. The clinical introduction in recent years was made possible by a better understanding of the interactions of ultrasound with biological structures and the resulting physiological changes, major advances in the design of ultrasound applicators and the development of imaging modalities for reliable guiding the interventions.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is especially appealing for applications in the brain where target volumes have to be accessed with high precision without inflicting collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

[Experiences and needs of parents of hospitalised children with disabilities and the health professionals responsible for the child’s health-care – A systematic review].

Background: Children with disabilities are more often hospitalized than healthy children and burden their parents additionally. Though the parents usually take care of the disabled child in the hospital, systematic knowledge on the experiences of these care-giving parents in hospital is missing in German-speaking countries.

Aim: What are the experiences and needs described by parents of hospitalized children with disabilities as well as by health professionals responsible for the child’s health-care and what are the implications for parental support?

Method: A systematic review according to the PRISMA Statement was performed in the databases Pubmed/Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE in January 2014.

[When should palliative care for children with life-threatening illnesses begin?].

Paediatric Palliative Care in Switzerland is still in its infancy. In comparison to palliative care in adults, the knowledge about palliative care in children is limited. To facilitate the decision of when to start palliative care, an instrument for health professionals has been developed.

[Negative behavioral changes in children and adolescents after anesthesia : Development of a German language version of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire].

Background: Negative behavioral changes after anesthesia in children are common. The Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) was particularly developed and has been widely used in English-speaking countries to investigate such behavioral changes. The PHBQ consists of 27 questions related to behavioral features observed by parents after anesthesia or hospitalization, each involving comparison with their baseline status.

[Vertical HIV infection is preventable but remains challenging].

The frequency of HIV mother-to-child transmission in Switzerland is nowadays < 1 %, if the pregnant woman receives successful anti-HIV treatment and the newborn apt post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and is not breast-fed. The interdisciplinary approach in arranging the maternal anti-HIV treatment, birth mode and PEP for the child is essential. Nevertheless, HIV infection in the child needs to be considered when it presents with compatible signs and symptoms, as HIV infection of the mother may escape diagnosis.

[HIV and pregnancy].

The use and success of antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive people has led to a reduction of vertical transmission of HIV. Pregnancy in HIV-positive women became more common. The success of prophylactic measures has led to a dramatic change in care of HIV-positive women.

[Robot-assisted and computer-based neurorehabilitation for children: the story behind].

Impairments of the central motor system can either be congenital (e. g. cerebral palsy) or acquired (e.

[Adolescent medicine: a rewarding challenge in private practice].

Age-appropriate medical care for adolescent patients encompasses a consultation style that is adapted to the developmental stage of the adolescent patient. Core elements of an age-appropriate consultation style include the possibility for the adolescent patient to talk alone with the physician for part of the time, and assurance of conditional confidentiality. This is the basis for a trusted doctor-patient relationship that supports patient adherence, and particularly when considering the adolescent's psychosocial circumstances as well.

[The first steps of an ANP-team - challenges and chances of ANP-teams at the Children's University Hospital Zurich].

In the past, various individual ANP-roles such as Clinical Nurse Specialist and Nurse Practitioner were developed in the USA and in several countries of Northern Europe. In Switzerland, the number of university-educated nurse specialists is still very limited. In order to promote sustainable progress in nursing practice despite of this background, Advanced Nursing Practice teams (ANP-teams) have continuously been established at Kinderspital Zurich for the last eight years.

Clinical features and outcome of patients with IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiency.

Autosomal recessive interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4 and myeloid differentiation factor (MyD)88 deficiencies impair Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and interleukin-1 receptor-mediated immunity. We documented the clinical features and outcome of 48 patients with IRAK-4 deficiency and 12 patients with MyD88 deficiency, from 37 kindreds in 15 countries.The clinical features of IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiency were indistinguishable.

[Nursing needs of renal transplanted adolescents, a descriptive cross sectional study in a Swiss hospital].

Various studies have demonstrated that the five-year graft survival of adolescents after renal transplantation is significantly lower than in children. This may be due to poor adherence to the post-transplant regime in adolescents. It has been shown that nurses can provide support to renal transplanted adolescents with positive effects on their adherence.