Dual regulation of the levels and function of Start transcriptional repressors drives G1 arrest in response to cell wall stress.

Background: Many different stress signaling pathways converge in a common response: slowdown or arrest cell cycle in the G1 phase. The G1/S transition (called Start in budding yeast) is a key checkpoint controlled by positive and negative regulators. Among them, Whi7 and Whi5 are transcriptional repressors of the G1/S transcriptional program, yeast functional homologs of the Retinoblastoma family proteins in mammalian cells.

Survival of viruses in water microcosms.

Human enteric viruses and emerging viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, influenza virus and monkeypox virus, are frequently detected in wastewater. Human enteric viruses are highly persistent in water, but there is limited information available for non-enteric viruses. The present study evaluated the stability of hepatitis A virus (HAV), murine norovirus (MNV), influenza A virus H3N2 (IAV H3N2), human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E, and vaccinia virus (VACV) in reference water (RW), effluent wastewater (EW) and drinking water (DW) under refrigeration and room temperature conditions.

Determination of collagen types and mineral contents in fish skin and collagen-containing skin-derived protein hydrolysates before and after simulated digestion.

An digestion model was established to characterize the types of collagens in skin of cod, white fish, and salmon as well as their collagen-containing skin-derived protein hydrolysates (CSPH) before and after digestion. Moreover, the mineral content and their bioaccessibility were evaluated. Finally, the presence of heavy metals was evaluated to assess the safety of these products.

Improved Description of Environment and Vibronic Effects with Electrostatically Embedded ML Potentials.

Incorporation of environment and vibronic effects in simulations of optical spectra and excited state dynamics is commonly done by combining molecular dynamics with excited state calculations, which allows to estimate the spectral density describing the frequency-dependent system-bath coupling strength. The need for efficient sampling, however, usually leads to the adoption of classical force fields despite well-known inaccuracies due to the mismatch with the excited state method. Here, we present a multiscale strategy that overcomes this limitation by combining EMLE simulations based on electrostatically embedded ML potentials with the QM/MMPol polarizable embedding model to compute the excited states and spectral density of 3-methyl-indole, the chromophoric moiety of tryptophan that mediates a variety of important biological functions, in the gas phase, in water solution, and in the human serum albumin protein.

Deciphering the Energy Transfer Mechanism Across Metal Halide Perovskite-Phthalocyanine Interfaces.

Energy transfer processes in nanohybrids are at the focal point of conceptualizing, designing, and realizing novel energy-harvesting systems featuring nanocrystals that absorb photons and transfer their energy unidirectionally to surface-immobilized functional dyes. Importantly, the functionality of these dyes defines the ultimate application. Herein, CsPbBr perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are interfaced with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) dyes featuring carboxylic acid.

Untangling the role of single-atom substitution on the improvement of the hydrogen evolution reaction of YNS MXene in acidic media.

The production of hydrogen (H) fuel through electrocatalysis is emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional and environmentally harmful energy sources. However, the discovery of cost-effective and efficient materials for this purpose remains a significant challenge. In this study, we explore the potential of the transition-metal-substituted YNS MXene as a promising candidate for hydrogen production through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Bioavailability study of OTA, ZEN, and AFB1 along with bioactive compounds from tiger nut beverage and its by-products.

Mycotoxins pose significant health risks due to their prevalence in food products and severe health implications, including carcinogenicity. This study investigates the bioavailability of mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) individually and combined, in the presence of identified polyphenols from tiger nut beverage (TNB) and tiger nut by-product (TNBP) using the in vitro model Caco-2 cells, which simulates the human intestinal barrier. The objective is to understand how bioactive compounds from TNBP can mitigate the effects of AFB1, OTA and ZEN (and their combination) by bioavailability interference, contributing to safer food products and innovative food safety strategies.

Optimizing Recovery of High-Added-Value Compounds from Complex Food Matrices Using Multivariate Methods.

In today's food industry, optimizing the recovery of high-value compounds is crucial for enhancing quality and yield. Multivariate methods like Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) play key roles in achieving this. This review compares their technical strengths and examines their sustainability impacts, highlighting how these methods support greener food processing by optimizing resources and reducing waste.

Mechanistic Studies on the Gold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroalkylation of Ynamides to Indenes.

An in-depth experimental and computational study to rationalize the mechanism underlying the gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkylation of ynamides to indenes is reported. Evaluating the reactivity of a set of deuterated ynamides and gold complexes allowed to get valuable insights into the mechanism of this reaction, while DFT calculations allowed to determine a plausible reaction pathway for this unprecedented transformation. This pathway involves the activation of the ynamide followed by a [1,5]-hydride shift from the highly reactive, in situ generated keteniminium ion, and a subsequent cyclization before deprotonation followed by a final protodeauration.

Non-contact lensless holographic reconstruction of diffractive intraocular lenses profiles.

A lensless compact arrangement based on digital in-line holography under Gabor's regime is proposed as a novel contactless method to assess the profile of multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) which are conformed by several diffractive rings. Diffractive MIOLs are a widely adopted ophthalmologic option for the correction of presbyopia in patients undergoing cataract surgery. The MIOL optical design might introduce non-negligible optical performance differences between lenses as well as the introduction of undesirable photic phenomena (such as halos and glare) affecting the vision of users.

Carbonyl compounds responsive 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine doped polydimethylsiloxane based membrane as alternative derivatizing strategy prior to in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with capillary liquid chromatography analysis.

In this work, a DNPH doped PDMS based membrane was developed to facilitate carbonyl compound derivatization. This membrane delivers DNPH in presence of carbonyl compounds to form hydrazones. Subsequently, the resulting hydrazones are preconcentrated, separated and detected by in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled on-line with capillary liquid chromatography (CapLC) with Uv-Vis diode array detection (DAD).

High-pressure phase transition and amorphization of BaVO.

The structural evolution of metavanadate compounds under high pressure offers valuable insights into phase transitions and changes in material properties. This study explores the structural behavior of BaVO under pressures up to 12 GPa using powder X-ray diffraction and density-functional theory (DFT) simulations. The results indicate a phase transition from the ambient pressure orthorhombic phase (space group 222) to a monoclinic phase (space group 2) at 4 GPa, likely driven by the distortion of the vanadium oxide polyhedron.

The Impact of Corneal Oedema on UV Light Transmission: An Experimental Study in Porcine Eyes.

Corneal oedema is known for changing the cornea's optical properties, particularly its ability to transmit ultraviolet (UV) light, which is crucial for visual clarity and eye health. This study explores how changes in corneal thickness in oedematous states affect UV light transmission. This study included 107 porcine eyes with artificially induced corneal oedema.

Valorization of Hom Thong Banana Peel ( sp., AAA Group) as an Anti-Melanogenic Agent Through Inhibition of Pigmentary Genes and Molecular Docking Study.

Prolonged and unprotected exposure to the environment explicitly influences the development of hyperpigmented lesions. The enzyme tyrosinase (TYR) is a key target for regulating melanin synthesis. Several bioactive compounds derived from plant extracts have been found to possess potent anti-melanogenesis properties against TYR.

Nutrients and Quality Aspects Characterizing Cultivated in Valli di Comacchio (Northern Italy) Across Different Seasons.

The quality aspects of () cultured in Valli di Comacchio were examined across different seasons. Nutritional quality parameters, antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, and contaminants were determined in winter, summer, and autumn (December, June, and October). Seasonal variations in nutritional parameters were observed.

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Fermented Lentil and Quinoa Flour Food Prototypes for Older Adults.

: The increase in the older adult population worldwide and the need to switch to vegetal-origin protein consumption for environmental sustainability point to legumes and pseudocereals as alternative ingredients in new food formulations. This study aimed to assess the impact of food structure and fungal fermentation on the digestibility of new food prototypes made with quinoa and/or lentil flours addressed to older adults. : Four gels and six breads were elaborated and subjected to mechanical analysis and simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion.

Quantitative Assessment of Volatile Profile and Sensory Perception of Artisan Bread Made in the City of Valencia.

Artisan bread, known for its simple recipes, natural ingredients, and traditional techniques, has seen a surge in demand, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic. Small bakeries emphasize extended fermentation processes and prioritize sensory qualities in their products. However, the impact of ingredients on the quality characteristics of artisan bread remains underexplored.

Silver mean sequence in extended depth of focus intraocular lenses: a comparative study of kinoform and stepwise designs.

In this work, we present two new multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) designs, both based on the silver mean kinoform diffractive lens. We demonstrate that a single aperiodic diffractive profile can be used to create two different MIOLs: one with a kinoform structure and the other with a stepwise profile. Quantitative assessment of the designs was carried out using the through focus modulation transfer function and the area under the modulation transfer function for the prediction of their visual performance.

Impact of ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy on maternal and child health outcomes: A comprehensive narrative review of the past five years.

Background & Aims: Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are increasingly prevalent in modern diets and are associated with negative health outcomes such as chronic diseases due to their high processing and low nutrient density. Despite the potential impact of UPF intake during pregnancy on maternal and child health, studies in this area are limited. Therefore, this narrative comprehensive review aimed to identify associations between UPF consumption, categorized by the NOVA system, during pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes over the past five years (2019-2024).

Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in children at risk of acute myocardial infarction: A comprehensive review.

While acute myocardial infarction is rare in children, a part of the pediatric population is at a higher risk due to preexisting non-modifiable conditions. To mitigate the risk, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet or sedentary lifestyle should be controlled from childhood, promoting healthy habits from the earliest stages. The primary purpose of this review is to assess the evidence on lifestyle/nutrition related modifiable risk factor intervention on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in children found in four databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and WoS.

Efficacy of spectacle lenses specifically designed for myopia control: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of spectacle lenses designed to control myopia progression in individuals under 18 years old, focusing on changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and relative peripheral refraction (RPR).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to Prisma guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, covering studies from the last six years without language restrictions.

Evaluation of electrolyzed water to control fungal trunk pathogens in grapevine nurseries.

Background: Grapevine producers demand solutions to control fungal trunk pathogens (FTPs) in nurseries. Adopting integrated strategies combining several control methods has been indicated as the best approach to prevent or reduce infections on grapevine propagation material. In recent years, electrolyzed water (EW) has emerged as a sustainable alternative for disinfection.

Supercritical fluid extraction prior pulsed electric fields to improve high-added-value compounds recovery from salmon side streams: Evaluation of protein, bioactive peptides and minerals.

A sequential extraction process combining supercritical fluid extraction (SFE: 25.0 MPa, 75 min, 50.0 °C, and 10.

Acrylamide content in popcorn from Spanish market: Risk assessment.

Snacks, including popcorn, are increasingly consumed in Spain and are susceptible to acrylamide (AA) formation. AA, classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), is produced via the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids, particularly glucose, and asparagine, when foods are heated above 120 °C. This study aims to analyze the AA content in 91 popcorn samples, categorized by flavor (salted, butter, caramel, flavored, colored, unflavored) and cooking method (ready-to-eat, popcorn maker, microwave), and assess dietary AA exposure in the Spanish population.

An Effective Liposome-Based Nanodelivery System for Naphthalene Derivative Polyamines with Antitumor Activity.

This study focuses on the development of a novel liposome-based nanodelivery system designed to encapsulate polyamine-1, a compound with potential anti-tumor properties. The main objective of this work was to enhance the therapeutic and imaging potential of polyamine-1 by incorporating it into liposome-based nanoparticles, which were functionalized with a gadolinium complex for imaging purposes and a fluorescent phospholipid for tracking applications. These nanoparticles were characterized by measuring their size, shape, polydispersity index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency.