On the microdosimetric characterisation of the radiation quality of a carbon-ion beam and the effect of the target volume thickness.

Microdosimetry is gaining increasing interest in particle therapy. Thanks to the advancements in microdosimeter technologies and the increasing number of experimental studies carried out in hadron therapy frameworks, it is proving to be a reliable experimental technique for radiation quality characterisation, quality assurance, and radiobiology studies. However, considering the variety of detectors used for microdosimetry, it is important to ensure the consistency of microdosimetric results measured with different types of microdosimeters.

On the Dotsenko-Fateev complex twin of the Selberg integral and its extensions.

The Selberg integral has a twin ('the Dotsenko-Fateev integral') of the following form. We replace real variables in the integrand of the Selberg integral by complex variables , integration over a cube we replace by an integration over the whole complex space . According to Dotsenko, Fateev, and Aomoto, such integral is a product of Gamma functions.

[Achondroplasia : New era of orthopedic treatment?].

Achondroplasia is the most common skeletal dysplasia. With the development of new growth-promoting drug treatment for children and adolescents with achondroplasia, multidisciplinary care has become increasingly more important. In addition to orthopedic care, a specialized team comprised of pediatrics/endocrinology, radiology, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, anesthesiology, physiotherapy, psychology and other disciplines is necessary to develop and implement a holistic concept to improve the quality of life for individuals affected by achondroplasia.

Justifying an Invasion: When Is Disinformation Successful?

Conventional wisdom suggests that social media, especially when used by authoritarian powers with nefarious aims, leaves citizens of democratic countries vulnerable to psychological influence campaigns. But such concerns overlook predispositions among recipients of false claims to reject (or to endorse) conspiratorial narratives. Analyzing responses from a survey fielded in 19 countries, we find that it is a preexisting conspiracy outlook at the individual level, more so than media diets, which consistently predicts rating Russia's pretenses for the invasion as more accurate.

Optimal Operation of Cryogenic Calorimeters Through Deep Reinforcement Learning.

Cryogenic phonon detectors with transition-edge sensors achieve the best sensitivity to sub-GeV/c dark matter interactions with nuclei in current direct detection experiments. In such devices, the temperature of the thermometer and the bias current in its readout circuit need careful optimization to achieve optimal detector performance. This task is not trivial and is typically done manually by an expert.

Escape from Flatland: Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexa-aryl Borazines and their sp²-Based 3D Architectures.

Borazine and its derivatives can be considered critical doping units for engineering hybrid C(sp2)-based molecules with tailored optoelectronic properties. Herein, we report the first synthesis of hexaarylborazines that, bearing ortho-substituted aryl moieties, extend three-dimensionally. Using a one-pot protocol, we first form an electrophilic chloroborazole and then react it with an aryl lithium (ArLi).

[100 years thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) - lessons learned?].

100 years ago Dr. Eli Moschcowitz described the first case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. For many decades there were no recognized treatment options, and the mortality rate was extremely high.

Demography leads to more conservative European societies.

Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (a total of 66,188 participants from 15 European countries) and the European Gender and Generation Survey (a total of 121,248 participants from 12 countries), we investigated i) whether differences in political attitudes and attitudes toward family values (i.e. attitudes toward homosexual couples, attitudes toward female reproduction) are associated with differences in the average number of children, and ii) whether such an association between fertility and attitudes affects the population share of these attitudes in subsequent generations.

Site of breast cancer metastasis is independent of single nutrient levels.

Cancer metastasis is a major contributor to patient morbidity and mortality, yet the factors that determine the organs where cancers can metastasize are incompletely understood. In this study, we quantify the absolute levels of over 100 nutrients available across multiple tissues in mice and investigate how this relates to the ability of breast cancer cells to grow in different organs. We engineered breast cancer cells with broad metastatic potential to be auxotrophic for specific nutrients and assessed their ability to colonize different organs.

Ligand engineering enhances (photo) electrocatalytic activity and stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks via in-situ surface reconstruction.

The current limitations in utilizing metal-organic frameworks for (photo)electrochemical applications stem from their diminished electrochemical stability. In our study, we illustrate a method to bolster the activity and stability of (photo)electrocatalytically active metal-organic frameworks through ligand engineering. We synthesize four distinct mixed-ligand versions of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67, and conduct a comprehensive investigation into the structural evolution and self-reconstruction during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions.

The link between amyloid β and ferroptosis pathway in Alzheimer's disease progression.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects millions of people worldwide and represents the most prevalent form of dementia. Treatment strategies aiming to interfere with the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the two major AD hallmarks, have shown modest or no effect. Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, contributes to AD pathogenesis.

Apple Pomace as a Potential Source of Oxidative Stress-Protecting Dihydrochalcones.

Among fruits, the apple is unique for producing large amounts of the dihydrochalcone phloridzin, which, together with phloretin, its aglycone, is valuable to the pharmaceutical and food industries for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as its use as a sweetener. We analysed the phloridzin concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in the peel, flesh, seeds, juice, and pomace of 13 international and local apple varieties. In the unprocessed fruit, the seeds had the highest phloridzin content, while the highest total phenolic contents were mostly found in the peel.

Key issues review: useful autonomous quantum machines.

Controlled quantum machines have matured significantly. A natural next step is to increasingly grant them autonomy, freeing them from time-dependent external control. For example, autonomy could pare down the classical control wires that heat and decohere quantum circuits; and an autonomous quantum refrigerator recently reset a superconducting qubit to near its ground state, as is necessary before a computation.

Quantitative Measurement of Cooperative Binding in Partially Dissociated Water Dimers at the Hematite "R-Cut" Surface.

Water-solid interfaces pervade the natural environment and modern technology. On some surfaces, water-water interactions induce the formation of partially dissociated interfacial layers; understanding why is important to model processes in catalysis or mineralogy. The complexity of the partially dissociated structures often makes it difficult to probe them quantitatively.

[Scurvy-A now forgotten previously widespread disease].

From the sea voyages of the fifteenth century often lasting for years with provisions only of fish, salted meat and biscuits reports came of fatal health alterations of the seamen which were characterized by prostration, loss of teeth and bad breath.Reports on comparable endemic illnesses soon came from the Netherlands, North Germany, the Baltic area, France, Lorraine, Geneva, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Swabia and Russia: the so-called land scurvy. The first medical specification was found in a letter from 1541 by Johann Echt to colleges in the area of Lower Germany, which was published four times.