[Acute respiratory distress syndrome : Pathophysiology, definition and treatment strategies].

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as an acute inflammatory syndrome leading to increased pulmonary capillary leakage and subsequent interstitial and alveolar pulmonary edema. Hypoxia is the predominant symptom. The definition of ARDS comprises acute onset, bilateral patchy infiltration on chest X‑ray and a reduction of the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO), which also determines the classification into mild (≤ 300), moderate (≤ 200) and severe (≤ 100) ARDS.

A new species of (Crustacea, Mysida) from the Canary and Cape Verde archipelagos.

Background: Within the subfamily Leptomysinae (fam. Mysidae), the tribe Mysidopsini has five here acknowledged genera and 74 extant species. It embraces the genera with six species from the coasts of the NW-Atlantic (Narragansett Bay to Florida), the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico; with two species from the SW-Atlantic off Brazilian shores and from the Pacific coast of Ecuador; with three species from the Caribbean, Gulf of California and southern California; with ten species from the Atlantic coasts of the USA to Brazil, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and E-Pacific from California to Panama; and, finally, the globally occurring .

[Development of paranasal sinus surgery in Austria and Switzerland: past, present, and future].

Thanks to our predecessors and technical progress, we can nowadays offer our patients a safe and modern paranasal sinus surgery. This article provides an overview of the historical development of paranasal sinus surgery in Austria and Switzerland and to shed light on the dynamic progress of this discipline in an international context. Paranasal sinus surgery has undergone significant change in recent decades, driven by rapid technological advances that have significantly improved surgical procedures and operative outcomes.

Electrosynthesis of mussel-inspired adhesive polymers as a novel class of transient enzyme stabilizers.

Multifunctional ortho-quinones are required for the formation of thiol-catechol-connectivities (TCC) but can be delicate to handle. We present the electrochemical oxidation of the dipeptide DiDOPA, achieving up to 92% conversion efficiency of the catechols to ortho-quinones. Graphite and stainless steel could be employed as cost-efficient electrodes.

SHARC meets TEQUILA: mixed quantum-classical dynamics on a quantum computer using a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm.

Recent developments in quantum computing are highly promising, particularly in the realm of quantum chemistry. Due to the noisy nature of currently available quantum hardware, hybrid quantum-classical algorithms have emerged as a reliable option for near-term simulations. Mixed quantum-classical dynamics methods effectively capture nonadiabatic effects by integrating classical nuclear dynamics with quantum chemical computations of the electronic properties.

The impact of 3-sulfo-taurolithocholic acid on ATPase activity in patients' colorectal cancer and normal colon tissues, and its hepatic effects in rodents.

Colorectal cancer is influenced by genetic mutations, lifestyle factors, and diet, particularly high fat intake, which raises bile acid levels in the intestinal lumen. This study hypothesized that bile acids contribute to tumorigenesis by disrupting ion transport and ATPase activity in the intestinal mucosa. The effects of 3-sulfo-taurolithocholic acid (TLC-S) on ATPase activity were investigated in colorectal cancer samples from 10 patients, using adjacent healthy tissue as controls, and in rodent liver function.

Engineering of HO-Zn-N Active Sites in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Enhanced (Photo)Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Currently, lack of ways to engineer specific and well-defined active sites in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) limits our fundamental knowledge with respect to the mechanistic details for (photo)electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we introduce the open metal sites into ZIFs through the selective ligand removal (SeLiRe) strategy, comprehensively characterize the altered structural and electronic features, and evaluate their role in HER. In situ electrochemical analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal the formation of high-valence HO-Zn-N sites through the binding of Zn-N with electrolyte hydroxide.

Marginally outer trapped tubes in de Sitter spacetime.

We prove two results which are relevant for constructing marginally outer trapped tubes (MOTTs) in de Sitter spacetime. The first one (Theorem 1) holds more generally, namely for spacetimes satisfying the null convergence condition and containing a timelike conformal Killing vector with a "temporal function". We show that all marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs) in such a spacetime are unstable.

Toward Rhenium-Based Circularly Polarized OLEDs Using Tailored Chiral Re(CO) Emitters.

Chiral rhenium(I) emitters exhibiting circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) are an attractive mainstay for CP organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). However, the efficiency of such emitters is not ideal, and they have never been explored for circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) applications. Here, we have tailored robust chiral Re(I) complexes with improved CPP properties, and demonstrated CPEL from rhenium emitters for the first time.

Unraveling the molecular basis for G-quadruplex-binders to ALS/FTD-associated G4C2 repeats of the C9orf72 gene.

The most recurrent familial cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the presence of an abnormal number of intronic GGGGCC (G4C2) repetitions in the C9orf72 gene, which has been proposed to drive ALS/FTD pathogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that such G4C2 repetitions can fold into G-quadruplex (G4) secondary structures. These G4s have been selectively stabilized by small-molecule binders, furnishing proof of principle that targeting these non-canonical nucleic acid sequences represents a novel and effective therapeutic strategy to tackle neurodegenerative disorders.

Coefficient corrections for portable X-ray fluorescence data of the Niton XL3t No. 97390 (coefcor I-IV) developed according to the Munich procedure.

Portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) devices are commonly utilized to analyze the chemical composition of various materials, such as archaeological pottery and siliceous substances. The discussion regarding the suitability of this method for such samples is ongoing, as the data are often said to be quantitatively unreliable. Nevertheless, the development of coefficient corrections (coefcors) offers a means to transparently demonstrate the quality and comparability of p-XRF data.

Rapid 3D printing of unlayered, tough epoxy-alcohol resins with late gel points dual-color curing technology.

Additive manufacturing technologies and, in particular, vat photopolymerization promise complex structures that can be made in a fast and easy fashion for highly individualized products. While the technology has upheld this promise many times already, some polymers are still out of reach or at least problematic to print reliably. High-performance epoxide-based resins, which are regulated by chain transfer multifunctional alcohols, are a typical example of resins with late gel points, which require long irradiation times and high light intensities to print.

Healing Effect of in Burn Injuries.

Background: Burn injury is still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in burn patients. We comapred healing effect of , silver sulfadiazine and alpha ointments on burn injuries in rat model.

Methods: Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats in an animal experimental study were randomly divided to 5 equal groups as , silver sulfadiazine and (SSD), alpha, gel base and the burn injury left untreated.

Wavenumber-Explicit -FEM Analysis for Maxwell's Equations with Impedance Boundary Conditions.

The time-harmonic Maxwell equations at high wavenumber in domains with an analytic boundary and impedance boundary conditions are considered. A wavenumber-explicit stability and regularity theory is developed that decomposes the solution into a part with finite Sobolev regularity that is controlled uniformly in and an analytic part. Using this regularity, quasi-optimality of the Galerkin discretization based on Nédélec elements of order on a mesh with mesh size is shown under the -explicit scale resolution condition that (a) / is sufficient small and (b) is bounded from below.

A pioneering longterm experiment on mesophotic macrofouling communities in the North Atlantic.

The mesophotic zone represents one of our planet's largest and least explored biomes. An increasing number of studies evidence the importance of macrofouling species in marine ecosystems, but information on these communities and the factors influencing their structures at mesophotic depths remain poor. This lack of understanding limits our ability to predict anthropogenic impacts or conduct restoration operations in the mesophotic and the lower boundary of the euphotic zones.

[Comparative evaluation of trabecular bone density in Hounsfield units in the lumbar native CT cross-section for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk determination by different examiners].

Background: An increasing loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in the axial skeleton leads to osteoporosis and fractures, with an increase found in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions.

Research Question: The extent to which an examiner-independent assessment of the extent of osteoporosis and fracture risk determination is possible by determining the trabecular density in Hounsfield units (HU) in the spine should be examined. The next question was whether quantitative BMD values can be calculated from the HU values.

Tyrosinases: a family of copper-containing metalloenzymes.

Tyrosinases (TYRs) are a family of copper-containing metalloenzymes that are present in all domains of life. TYRs catalyze the reactions that start the biosynthesis of melanin, the main pigment of the animal kingdom, and are also involved in the formation of the bright colors seen on the caps of mushrooms and in the petals of flowers. TYRs catalyze the -hydroxylation and oxidation of phenols and the oxidation of catechols to the respective -quinones.

Structural Evolution of Stapes Controls the Electrochemical CO Reduction on Bimetallic Cu-doped Gold Nanoclusters.

Ligand protected gold nanoclusters have been proposed for electrochemical CO reduction (eCOR) as an alternative to polycrystalline catalysts, showing higher selectivity control due to the tailored composition and precise microenvironment. Here, two gold cluster families are studied with different staple motifs (Au(SR) and Au(SR), where SR = thiolate) doped with Ag or Cu to understand the interplay between the composition and the performance of these catalysts. Detailed cluster characterization and Density Functional Theory simulations demonstrate that the dynamic aspects involving ligand removal are crucial to unraveling the role of the dopant, the cluster curvature, and the staple structure.

[Everything can - nothing must? Peer support on acute psychiatric wards].

Peer support is recommended for improving acute psychiatric care, but research is lacking. This qualitative study examines the impact, particularly on coercive measures, through semi-structured interviews with four peers, four patients, and twelve (non-peer) staff members from two acute psychiatric wards. Analysis shows that peers experience unique opportunities and challenges in this context.

The costs of competition in distributing scarce research funds.

Research funding systems fundamentally influence how science operates. This paper aims to analyze the allocation of competitive research funding from different perspectives: How reliable are decision processes for funding? What are the economic costs of competitive funding? How does competition for funds affect doing risky research? How do competitive funding environments affect scientists themselves, and which ethical issues must be considered? We attempt to identify gaps in our knowledge of research funding systems; we propose recommendations for policymakers and funding agencies, including empirical experiments of decision processes and the collection of data on these processes. With our recommendations, we hope to contribute to developing improved ways of organizing research funding.

Combined Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements in ultra-high vacuum down to 3.7 K.

An instrument for the simultaneous characterization of thin films by Raman spectroscopy and electronic transport down to 3.7 K has been designed and built. This setup allows for the in situ preparation of air-sensitive samples, their spectroscopic characterization by Raman spectroscopy with different laser lines and five-probe electronic transport measurements using sample plates with prefabricated contacts.