Estimating effective population size trajectories from time-series identity-by-descent segments.

Long, identical haplotypes shared between pairs of individuals, known as identity-by-descent (IBD) segments, result from recently shared co-ancestry. Various methods have been developed to utilize IBD sharing for demographic inference in contemporary DNA data. Recent methodological advances have extended the screening for IBD segments to ancient DNA (aDNA) data, making demographic inference based on IBD also possible for aDNA.

In situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation of Isotope-selective Breathing in MIL-53 during Dihydrogen Adsorption.

The development of smart materials capable of separating dihydrogen isotopologues has risen recently. Among potential candidates, the flexible MIL-53 (Al) has been gaining attention due to its structural flexibility providing the so-called ''breathing mechanism'' that can be useful to separate hydrogen isotopologues selectively. In the present work, an in situ continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance investigation has been proven as a sensitive technique to follow the isotopologue-selective adsorption-desorption of dihydrogen species on the paramagnetic metal-doped MIL-53 (Al0.

The 2025 Motile Active Matter Roadmap.

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological active systems, various types of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been designed, which provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent active materials.

On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of Pentadecacene and Its Gold Complexes.

Acenes are an important class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have gained considerable attention from chemists, physicists, and material scientists, due to their exceptional potential for organic electronics. They serve as an ideal platform for studying the physical and chemical properties of sp carbon frameworks in the one-dimensional limit and also provide a fertile playground to explore magnetism in graphenic nanostructures due to their zigzag edge topology. While higher acenes up to tridecacene have been successfully generated by means of on-surface synthesis, it is imperative to extend their synthesis toward even longer homologues to comprehensively understand the evolution of their electronic ground state.

The proline-rich antimicrobial peptide Api137 disrupts large ribosomal subunit assembly and induces misfolding.

The proline-rich antimicrobial designer peptide Api137 inhibits protein expression in bacteria by binding simultaneously to the ribosomal polypeptide exit tunnel and the release factor (RF), depleting the cellular RF pool and leading to ribosomal arrest at stop codons. This study investigates the additional effect of Api137 on the assembly of ribosomes using an Escherichia coli reporter strain expressing one ribosomal protein per 30S and 50S subunit tagged with mCherry and EGFP, respectively. Separation of cellular extracts derived from cells exposed to Api137 in a sucrose gradient reveals elevated levels of partially assembled and not fully matured precursors of the 50S subunit (pre-50S).

[Rapid Assessment of Future Pandemic Effects in Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: Can Ongoing Population-Representative Cohorts Contribute?].

To provide an overview of ongoing cohorts including severely mentally ill patients to study collateral effects of pandemics.Systematic literature search.None of the ongoing German health cohorts includes people with severe mental illness (SMI).

Platinum(II/IV) complexes with -substituted carboxylate ethylenediamine/propylenediamine ligands: preparation, characterization and activity.

The synthesis and characterization of novel platinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes derived from unsymmetrical ethylene or propylenediamine derivatives are presented. IR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry techniques were employed to characterize the complexes, revealing distinctive absorption bands and isotope patterns. Furthermore, the complexes were characterized by H and C NMR spectroscopy.

Study of the Influence of Structure-Chemical Properties of Electron Beam-Polymerized PEGDA/Gelatin Hybrid Hydrogels on the Uptake and Release Dynamics of Different Photosensitizer Molecules.

Hybrid hydrogels are promising for wound dressing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to their exceptional biocompatibility and mechanical stability. This study synthesized hybrid hydrogels for photodynamic therapy using electron beam-initiated polymerization with varying PEGDA/gelatin ratios and irradiation doses to evaluate their effectiveness as uptake and release systems for five photosensitizers. Toluidine blue, O (TBO); methylene blue (MB); eosin, Y; indocyanine, green; and sodium meso-tetraphenylporphine-4,4',4″,4‴-tetrasulfonate were studied for their uptake and release dynamics in relation to their structural properties and the hydrogels' composition.

Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures in Prediabetes Progressing to Diabetes or Reversing to Normoglycemia Within 1 Year.

Objective: Progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes has been associated with β-cell dysfunction, whereas its remission to normoglycemia has been related to improvement of insulin sensitivity. To understand the mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers related to prediabetes trajectories, we compared the proteomics and metabolomics profile of people with prediabetes progressing to diabetes or reversing to normoglycemia within 1 year.

Research Design And Methods: The fasting plasma concentrations of 1,389 proteins and the fasting, 30-min, and 120-min post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma concentrations of 152 metabolites were measured in up to 134 individuals with new-onset diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose tolerance.

Experimental and Theoretical Force Constants as Meaningful Indicator for Interatomic Bonding Characteristics and the Specific Case of Elemental Antimony.

Stable Sb exhibits a rhombohedral structure, often referred to as distorted primitive cubic, with each Sb atom having three short and three longer first neighbor bonds. However, this crystal structure can also be interpreted as being layered, putting emphasis on only three short first neighbor bonds. Therefore, temperature-dependent extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is carried out at the Sb K-edge in order to obtain more detailed information on local structural and vibrational properties.

Characterizing tick diversity among caprine hosts of Kerala, India: a phylogenetic study.

Background: Ticks are prominent vectors of numerous pathogens that adversely affect human and animal health. Monitoring tick population dynamics is key in developing ideal tick-borne disease surveillance systems and critical vector control programmes. This study aimed to conduct the morphological and molecular characterization of ticks infesting domesticated goats in Kerala, India.

A Training for Parents Prevents Clinically Relevant Handling Errors in the Use of Long-Term Antiseizure Medication.

Background: Medication handling errors (ME) in long-term antiseizure medication (ASM) compromise patient safety. Training programs to prevent those errors by parents are scarce.

Patients: The intervention concept is designed for parents of children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with at least one long-term ASM.

Nonuniversality of Aging during Phase Separation of the Two-Dimensional Long-Range Ising Model.

We investigate the aging properties of phase-separation kinetics following quenches from T=∞ to a finite temperature below T_{c} of the paradigmatic two-dimensional conserved Ising model with power-law decaying long-range interactions ∼r^{-(2+σ)}. Physical aging with a power-law decay of the two-time autocorrelation function C(t,t_{w})∼(t/t_{w})^{-λ/z} is observed, displaying a complex dependence of the autocorrelation exponent λ on σ. A value of λ=3.

New lanthanum (III) complexes containing azaphosphor β-diketon and diimine ligands: Synthesis, crystallography, morphology properties, DNA binding, DNA cleavage, and DFT calculation.

Two octa-coordinated lanthanum (III) complexes of deprotonated azaphosphor β-diketon and diimine ligands, [LnLQ] (L = [ClCHC(O)NP(O)(NCH)], Q = Phen (C1) and Bipy (C2)), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectra. X-ray crystallography revealed a distorted tetragonal antiprism LaO6N2 coordination geometry around the lanthanum atom in both compounds. Nano-sized complexes (Ć1 and Ć2) were synthesized via a sonochemical process and analyzed using SEM and XRPD.

Finding bifurcations in mathematical epidemiology via reaction network methods.

Mathematical Epidemiology (ME) shares with Chemical Reaction Network Theory (CRNT) the basic mathematical structure of its dynamical systems. Despite this central similarity, methods from CRNT have been seldom applied to solving problems in ME. We explore here the applicability of CRNT methods to find bifurcations at endemic equilibria of ME models.

[The pioneers Schwerin and Brandenburg-Görden in the development of alcohol use disorder therapy in the GDR].

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide insights into the addiction therapy concepts applied at the clinics of Hugo von Keyserlingk in Schwerin and Hubertus Windischmann in Brandenburg and to enable an understanding of the specific problems in this subsector of psychiatric care in the GDR.

Methods: Works published primarily in the GDR were identified, analyzed and contextualized, with expert interviews with von Keyserlingk and Windischmann complementing the findings.

Results: Initially limited approaches to alcoholism treatment after the Second World War gradually developed into more complex and diverse structures.

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle.

We studied the ultrastructure of the ultrablack cuticle in , an enigmatic and visually striking species of velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and optical spectroscopy, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the cuticle to elucidate its unique optical properties. SEM imaging provided a detailed surface morphology, while TEM provided insights into the internal structure.

Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of Neanderthal admixture.

Modern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlatý kůň, Czechia and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria. Here we deepen our understanding of early modern humans by analyzing one high-coverage genome and five low-coverage genomes from ~45,000 year-old remains from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany, and a further high-coverage genome from Zlatý kůň.

[Involvement of representatives of patients and relatives in guideline processes : S3 guidelines on psychosocial therapies for severe mental illnesses breaks new ground].

Background: The participation of representatives of patients and relatives in the development of guidelines is of central importance for the quality, feasibility and acceptance of guidelines. In Germany this has not been sufficiently implemented in the discipline of psychiatry, although in practice there are many examples for the benefits of the expertise of people with psychiatric experience.

Objective: The article describes the development and a first process evaluation of a trialogical working group (AG Impuls) accompanying the guideline process.

Efficient charge transport limited π-π interactions between naphthyl carbon atoms in a metal-organic framework.

A novel metal-organic framework based on naphthalenediimide derivatives was synthesized, featuring ONDI ligands arranged in a slipped stacking pattern that forms H-aggregates with limited π-π interactions between two pairs of adjacent naphthyl carbon atoms. The compound demonstrates typical semiconductive behavior, with a conductivity of 3.1 × 10 S cm at 30 °C.