Pharmacokinetics for once-daily versus twice-daily tacrolimus formulations in de novo liver transplantation: a randomized, open-label trial.

Tacrolimus, a cornerstone immunosuppressant, is available as a twice-daily formulation (tacrolimus bid). A once-daily prolonged-release formulation (tacrolimus qd) has been developed. This 6-week, randomized, phase 2, multicenter, open-label, prospective trial in primary liver transplant recipients investigated and compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tacrolimus for qd and bid formulations.

Obesity after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed to play an important role in the regulation of energy balance. The unique presence of uncoupling protein (UCP) permits BAT to expend calories unrelated to the performance of work with the net result being the generation of heat. The role of BAT in mediating diet-induced thermogenesis had led to the suggestion that BAT activity contributes to metabolic inefficiency and, as such, might provide a cellular and molecular explanation for protection from obesity.

Palpable migratory arciform erythema. Clinical morphology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and response to treatment.

Background: Palpable migratory arciform erythema is clinically characterized by sharply circumscribed, infiltrated erythematous patches that tend to spread irregularly, resulting in arciform morphologic features. The histopathologic features are characterized by a patchy inflammatory perivascular and periadnexal T-lymphocytic infiltrate throughout the dermis. The disease runs a chronic course and is rarely described in the literature.

The prognostic value of hypocholesterolemia in hospitalized patients.

Clinical observations show that severe illness often leads to hypocholesterolemia. To verify this finding and to define the relationship between serum cholesterol and a patient's prognosis, a study was conducted in two large hospital populations. Of 24,000 and 61,463 adult patients (populations I and II) an average of 3.

[Phosphodiesterase inhibition as a therapeutic principle].

A positive inotropic effect can be achieved by an increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium which interacts with the contractile proteins and/or by an increased sensitivity of the contractile proteins towards calcium. An increase in intracellular calcium concentration can be produced by cAMP-increasing agents. An increase in intracellular cAMP levels can result from stimulation of adenylate cyclase which leads to an increase in cAMP formation or from inhibition of the degradation of cAMP by inhibition of phosphodiesterases.

Posture of the head, the hyoid bone, and the tongue in children with and without enlarged tonsils.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyse whether there were any differences between children with and without enlarged tonsils with regard to the posture of the head, the hyoid bone, and the tongue. Twenty-two children with enlarged tonsils were compared with a matched normal control group. Of the children in the tonsil group, 59 per cent were mouth-breathers during the day and 82 per cent during the night.

Evidence for the existence of inositol tetrakisphosphate in mammalian heart. Effect of alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation.

The time course of the effects of phenylephrine (10 mumol/l) on force of contraction and on inositol phosphates in electrically driven left auricles from rat hearts labeled with [3H]inositol was studied. All experiments were performed in the presence of propranolol (1 mumol/l) and LiCl (10 mmol/l). Products measured after separation with high-performance liquid chromatography were inositol 1-phosphate (1-IP1), inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (1,4-IP2), inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (1,3,4,-IP3), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3), and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (1,3,4,5-IP4).

[The electroencephalogram and somatosensory evoked potentials following intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/Kg ketamine].

Unlabelled: Because of its analgesic potency without affecting consciousness, low-dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) has been advocated for traumatized patients in order to ensure the possibility of neurological assessment. This study describes the effects of 0.

Interactions of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist etintidine with rat liver cytochrome P-450: a comparison with cimetidine.

The two imidazole histamine H2-receptor antagonists etintidine and cimetidine interact with the rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. From type II spectral changes follows that the affinity of rat liver microsomal preparations for etintidine is about 5 times as high as for cimetidine when comparing both high and low affinity binding sites. After pretreatment with phenobarbital etintidine inhibited benzphetamine N-demethylation competitively (app.