Exploring the vibrational series of pure trilobite Rydberg molecules.

In trilobite Rydberg molecules, an atom in the ground state is bound by electron-atom scattering to a Rydberg electron that is in a superposition of high angular momentum states. This results in a homonuclear molecule with a permanent electric dipole moment in the kilo-debye range. Trilobite molecules have previously been observed only with admixtures of low-l states.

Lytic and Molecular Evidence of the Widespread Coriander Leaf Spot Disease Caused by .

L. is a globally significant economic herb with medicinal and aromatic properties. While coriander leaf blight disease was previously confined to India and the USA, this study presents new evidence of its outbreak in Africa and the Middle East caused by .

Defining nutrient ecoregions for reference nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in rivers from the major South American biomes.

Delineating reference (i.e., baseline) riverine nutrient concentrations is essential to understand fundamental processes of biogeochemical transport from continents to the ocean, describe ecological conditions, and inform managers of best attainable conditions when attempting to control anthropogenic eutrophication.

Simultaneous analysis of seven 16S rRNA hypervariable gene regions increases efficiency in marine bacterial diversity detection.

Environmental DNA sequencing is the gold standard to reveal microbial community structures. In most applications, a one-fragment PCR approach is applied to amplify a taxonomic marker gene, usually a hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. We used a new reverse complement (RC)-PCR-based assay that amplifies seven out of the nine hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, to interrogate bacterial communities in sediment samples collected from different coastal marine sites with an impact gradient.

Investigating cooperative effects in small cobalt and cobalt-nickel alloy clusters with attached ethanol.

Small cationic cobalt, and cobalt-nickel alloy clusters with ethanol attached are generated in a pulsed molecular beam experiment using a laser ablation source. While the metal center is successively varied with respect to size and composition, a full-size study of these transition metal clusters is possible. The clusters are investigated IR photodissociation spectroscopy in the region of OH- and CH-stretching vibrations.

Correlation-Enhanced Interaction of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Parametric Magnon Pairs and Virtual Magnons.

Nonlinear interactions are crucial in science and engineering. Here, we investigate wave interactions in a highly nonlinear magnetic system driven by parametric pumping leading to Bose-Einstein condensation of spin-wave quanta-magnons. Using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy in yttrium-iron garnet films, we found and identified a set of nonlinear processes resulting in off-resonant spin-wave excitations-virtual magnons.

Optimal Generators for Quantum Sensing.

We propose a computationally efficient method to derive the unitary evolution that a quantum state is most sensitive to. This allows one to determine the optimal use of an entangled state for quantum sensing, even in complex systems where intuition from canonical squeezing examples breaks down. In this paper we show that the maximal obtainable sensitivity using a given quantum state is determined by the largest eigenvalue of the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) and the corresponding evolution is uniquely determined by the coinciding eigenvector.

Stimulated Amplification of Propagating Spin Waves.

Spin-wave amplification techniques are key to the realization of magnon-based computing concepts. We introduce a novel mechanism to amplify spin waves in magnonic nanostructures. Using the technique of rapid cooling, we create a nonequilibrium state in excess of high-energy magnons and demonstrate the stimulated amplification of an externally seeded, propagating spin wave.

Enhanced thermally-activated skyrmion diffusion with tunable effective gyrotropic force.

Magnetic skyrmions, topologically-stabilized spin textures that emerge in magnetic systems, have garnered considerable interest due to a variety of electromagnetic responses that are governed by the topology. The topology that creates a microscopic gyrotropic force also causes detrimental effects, such as the skyrmion Hall effect, which is a well-studied phenomenon highlighting the influence of topology on the deterministic dynamics and drift motion. Furthermore, the gyrotropic force is anticipated to have a substantial impact on stochastic diffusive motion; however, the predicted repercussions have yet to be demonstrated, even qualitatively.

Rapid-prototyping of microscopic thermal landscapes in Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy.

Since temperature and its spatial, and temporal variations affect a wide range of physical properties of material systems, they can be used to create reconfigurable spatial structures of various types in physical and biological objects. This paper presents an experimental optical setup for creating tunable two-dimensional temperature patterns on a micrometer scale. As an example of its practical application, we have produced temperature-induced magnetization landscapes in ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet films and investigated them using micro-focused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy.

Does Active Inference Provide a Comprehensive Theory of Placebo Analgesia?

Placebo interventions generate mismatches between expected pain and sensory signals from which pain states are inferred. Because we lack direct access to bodily states, we can only infer whether nociceptive activity indicates tissue damage or results from noise in sensory channels. Predictive processing models propose to make optimal inferences using prior knowledge given noisy sensory data.

Laser-induced ultrafast spin-transfer processes in non-linear zigzag carbon chain systems.

We combine the high-level quantum chemistry theory CCSD and EOM-CCSD together with local and global Λ processes to investigate the details of the laser-induced ultrafast spin manipulation scenarios in non-linear zigzag carbon chain systems Ni@CH and Ni@CH. The spin density distribution, which is calculated on each many-body state using a Mulliken population analysis, fulfills the requirements to accomplish the spin dynamics processes. Various spin-flip and spin-transfer scenarios are accomplished.

Metabolism of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds in Cunninghamella fungi and their applications in drug discovery.

Investigation of xenobiotic metabolism is a key step for drug discovery. Since the in vivo investigations may be associated with harmful effects attributed to production of toxic metabolites, it is deemed necessary to predict their structure especially at the preliminary clinical studies. Furthermore, the application of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing drugs mimic human metabolism and consequently may predict possible metabolites.

Ultrafast control of laser-induced spin-dynamics scenarios on two-dimensional Ni3@C63H54 magnetic system.

The concept of building logically functional networks employing spintronics or magnetic heterostructures is becoming more and more popular today. Incorporating logical segments into a circuit needs physical bonds between the magnetic molecules or clusters involved. In this framework, we systematically study ultrafast laser-induced spin-manipulation scenarios on a closed system of three carbon chains to which three Ni atoms are attached.

Intersectin deficiency impairs cortico-striatal neurotransmission and causes obsessive-compulsive behaviors in mice.

The generation of appropriate behavioral responses involves dedicated neuronal circuits. The cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loop is especially important for the expression of motor routines and habits. Defects in this circuitry are closely linked to obsessive stereotypic behaviors, hallmarks of neuropsychiatric diseases including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs).

The Influence of Adventitious Carbon Groups on the Wetting of Copper: A Study on the Effect of Microstructure on the Static Contact Angle.

Tuning of the wetting behavior of metallic surfaces by chemical and topographical modification has become popular in recent years. Still, there is a lack in the understanding of fundamental relations between intrinsic properties of the material and its resulting water contact angle. It is widely accepted in the literature that transitions from a hydrophilic to increasingly hydrophobic behavior upon exposure to ambient conditions happen due to the adsorption of adventitious hydrocarbons.

Coupling of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Spin Dynamics in Mn_{2}Au/NiFe Thin Film Bilayers.

We investigate magnetization dynamics of Mn_{2}Au/Py (Ni_{80}Fe_{20}) thin film bilayers using broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. Our bilayers exhibit two resonant modes with zero-field frequencies up to almost 40 GHz, far above the single-layer Py FMR. Our model calculations attribute these modes to the coupling of the Py FMR and the two antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) modes of Mn_{2}Au.

Survival processing occupies the central bottleneck of cognitive processing: A psychological refractory period analysis.

Words judged for relevance in a survival situation are remembered better than words judged for relevance in a nonsurvival context. This survival processing effect has been explained by selective tuning of human memory during evolution to process and retain information specifically relevant for survival. According to the richness-of-encoding hypothesis the survival processing effect arises from a domain-general mechanism-namely, a particularly rich and distinct form of encoding.

A spectroscopic response factor-based toluidine blue assay towards a universal assay protocol for sulfated polysaccharides: Application to fucoidan content in crude extract.

Sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) have attracted a lot of interest because of their diverse pharmacological functions. Numerous scientific studies have shown that SPS exhibit better biological activity than those that are not sulfated, such as immunomodulatory, anti-viral, and antioxidant activities. A crucial step to a better understanding of the mechanism of action and health effects is the production of high purity SPS.

Kapitza Trap for Ultracold Atoms.

We report on the experimental realization of a Kapitza trap for ultracold atoms. Using time-periodic attractive and repulsive Gaussian potentials, we create an effective trap for ultracold neutral atoms in a regime where the time average of the potential is equal to zero. We analyze the role of experimental imperfections, the stability of the trapped atomic cloud, and the magnitude of the effective potential.

Purification effects show seed and root mucilage's ability to respond to changing rhizosphere conditions.

Mucilage, a polysaccharide-containing hydrogel, is hypothesized to play a key role in the rhizosphere as a self-organized system because it may vary its supramolecular structure with changes in the surrounding solution. However, there is currently limited research on how these changes are reflected in the physical properties of real mucilage. This study examines the role of solutes in maize root, wheat root, chia seed, and flax seed mucilage in relation to their physical properties.

Methyl jasmonate elicitation effect on the metabolic profile of cambial meristematic cells culture derived from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in relation to antioxidant activity: Untargeted metabolomics study in a time-based approach.

The undifferentiated cambial meristematic cell (CMC) has been recognized as a value-added production platform for plant natural products in comparison to the dedifferentiated plant cell line (DDC). In a time-based approach at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h, the present study aimed at investigating the phytochemical metabolome of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-elicited CMC cultures derived from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), including primary and secondary metabolites analyzed using GC/TOF-MS post-silylation and RP-UPLC-C-FT-MS/MS, respectively, as well as the analysis of aroma composition using headspace SPME-GC-MS.

Data for sound pressure level prediction in lightweight constructions caused by structure-borne sound sources and their uncertainties.

When predicting sound pressure levels induced by structure-borne sound sources and describing the sound propagation path through the building structure as exactly as possible, it is necessary to characterize the vibration behavior of the structure-borne sound sources. In this investigation, the characterization of structure-borne sound sources was performed using the two-stage method (TSM) described in EN 15657. Four different structure-borne sound sources were characterized and subsequently installed in a lightweight test stand.

Triple Silicon, Phosphorous, and Nitrogen-Grafted Lignin-Based Flame Retardant and Its Vulcanization Promotion for Styrene Butadiene Rubber.

In this study, we present an innovative environmental silicon-, phosphorus-, and nitrogen-triple lignin-based flame retardant (Lig-K-DOPO). Lig-K-DOPO was successfully prepared by condensation of lignin with flame retardant intermediate DOPO-KH550 synthesized via Atherton-Todd reaction between 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550A). The presence of silicon, phosphate, and nitrogen groups was characterized by FTIR, XPS, and P NMR spectroscopy.