Impact of fluorination on membrane-protein stabilization and extraction by lactobionamide detergents.

We report the synthesis of a series of detergents with a lactobionamide polar head group and a tail containing four to seven perfluorinated carbon atoms. Critical micellar concentrations (CMCs) were determined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface tension (SFT) measurements, showing a progressive decrease from 27 mM to about 0.2 mM across the series.

Temporal dynamics of affective scene processing in the healthy adult human brain.

Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds.

[Placebo effect in the treatment with antidepressants : Implications for the scientific evaluation and clinical use of pharmaceutical treatments of depression].

Background: Blinded placebo treatment arms in clinical trials often achieve up to 80% of the clinical improvements of the verum groups. Apparently, the majority of the effects found in the antidepressant groups in clinical trials are due to factors that are not specific to antidepressant treatment. This article reviews the factors that contribute to the high effectiveness of placebo interventions for antidepressants.

Basic personality and actual criminal convictions.

Crime is an issue with severe consequences for individuals, economies, and society at large. Developing effective crime prevention strategies requires a clear understanding of who is likely to engage in crime and why. A promising approach in this regard likely is integrating established criminological theories with established models of basic personality structure.

TTF2 promotes replisome eviction from stalled forks in mitosis.

When cells enter mitosis with under-replicated DNA, sister chromosome segregation is compromised, which can lead to massive genome instability. The replisome-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP mitigates this threat by ubiquitylating the CMG helicase in mitosis, leading to disassembly of stalled replisomes, fork cleavage, and restoration of chromosome structure by alternative end-joining. Here, we show that replisome disassembly requires TRAIP phosphorylation by the mitotic Cyclin B-CDK1 kinase, as well as TTF2, a SWI/SNF ATPase previously implicated in the eviction of RNA polymerase from mitotic chromosomes.

2025 Roadmap on 3D Nano-magnetism.

The transition from planar (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) magnetic nanostructures represents a significant advancement in both fundamental research and practical applications, offering vast potential for next-generation technologies like ultrahigh-density storage, memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing. Despite being a relatively new field, the emergence of 3D nanomagnetism presents numerous opportunities for innovation, prompting the creation of a comprehensive roadmap by leading international researchers. This roadmap aims to facilitate collaboration and interdisciplinary dialogue to address challenges in materials science, physics, engineering, and computing.

Panning for gold: Comparative analysis of cross-platform approaches for automated detection of political content in textual data.

To understand and measure political information consumption in the high-choice media environment, we need new methods to trace individual interactions with online content and novel techniques to analyse and detect politics-related information. In this paper, we report the results of a comparative analysis of the performance of automated content analysis techniques for detecting political content in the German language across different platforms. Using three validation datasets, we compare the performance of three groups of detection techniques relying on dictionaries, classic supervised machine learning, and deep learning.

Finite Difference Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Cyclic Thermal Heating in the Fused Filament Fabrication Process.

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) processes due to its simplicity and low initial and maintenance costs. However, good printing results such as high dimensionality, avoidance of cooling cracks, and warping are directly related to heat control in the process and require precise settings of printing parameters. Therefore, accurate prediction and understanding of temperature peaks and cooling behavior in a local area and in a larger part are important in FFF, as in other AM processes.

Induced negative affect hinders self-referential belief updating in response to social feedback.

When people receive feedback from others, this is an opportunity for them to update their self-views. People with mental health problems (e.g.

Conspiracy beliefs and majority influence.

Conspiracy beliefs (i.e. beliefs in specific conspiracy theories or the more general conspiracy mentality) are associated with a need for uniqueness and lower adherence to social norms.

Rubidium and Cesium Ion-Induced Electron and Ion Signals for Scanning Ion Microscopy Applications.

Scanning ion microscopy applications of novel focused ion beam (FIB) systems based on ultracold rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) atoms were investigated via ion-induced electron and ion yields. Results measured on the Rb+ and Cs+ FIB systems were compared with results from commercially available gallium (Ga+) FIB systems to verify the merits of applying Rb+ and Cs+ for imaging. The comparison shows that Rb+ and Cs+ have higher secondary electron (SE) yields on a variety of pure element targets than Ga+, which implies a higher signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved for the same dose in SE imaging using Rb+/Cs+ than Ga+.

Melanin Synthesized by the Endophytic AKW: A Multifaceted Biomolecule with Antioxidant, Wound Healing, and Selective Anti-Cancer Activity.

Introduction: This study explores the potential of the endophytic fungus Aureobasidium pullulans AKW for melanin production and its anticancer activity.

Method: We report a significant achievement: AKW synthesized 4.89 g/l of melanin in a simple fermentation medium devoid of tyrosine, a precursor typically required for melanin biosynthesis.

iEat: automatic wearable dietary monitoring with bio-impedance sensing.

Diet is an inseparable part of good health, from maintaining a healthy lifestyle for the general population to supporting the treatment of patients suffering from specific diseases. Therefore it is of great significance to be able to monitor people's dietary activity in their daily life remotely. While the traditional practices of self-reporting and retrospective analysis are often unreliable and prone to errors; sensor-based remote diet monitoring is therefore an appealing approach.

Phase shift of coherent magnetization dynamics after ultrafast demagnetization in strongly quenched nickel thin films.

The remagnetization process after ultrafast demagnetization can be described by relaxation mechanisms between the spin, electron, and lattice reservoirs. Thereby, collective spin excitations in form of spin waves and their angular momentum transfer play an important role on the longer timescales. In this work, we address the question whether the magnitude of demagnetization-the so-called quenching-affects the coherency and the phase of the excited spin waves.

Controlled Interlayer Binding and Healing Improve the Transverse Properties of Upcycled Disposable Waste Wood.

Recovery and reuse of bulk waste wood are particularly challenging because of usage defects and contaminations. Here, we present a robust and efficient strategy for regenerating used wood veneers into high-performance structural materials through micro/nano interface manipulation. Our approach involves using cellulose-based interlayers to bind together two waste wood plates without an external adhesive by partially dissolving and regenerating the interlayer using a solution of ionic liquids and dimethyl sulfoxide.

Theoretical study of electronic structures, magnetic properties, and ultrafast spin manipulation in transition metal adsorbed polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon molecules.

We present a first-principles study of the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of TM(PAH)0/+ (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; PAH = C10H8, C16H10, C24H12, C32H14) complexes and explore the laser-induced spin dynamics as well as their stability with respect to various laser parameters. For each complex, the most stable configuration shows that the TM atom prefers to adsorb at the hollow site of the carbon ring with a slight deviation from the center. The electronic structure and spin localization of the complexes are found to be largely affected by the TM type.

Spin-wave dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized antidot multilayers.

Using all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements we demonstrate an efficient modulation of the spin-wave (SW) dynamics via the bias magnetic field orientation around nanoscale diamond shaped antidots that are arranged on a square lattice within a [Co(0.75 nm)/Pd(0.9 nm)]multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA).

Investigation of the exact spin channels in laser-induced spin dynamics in two mononuclear Cu(II) complexes.

In the quest to harness the potential of nanospintronic applications, we analyze and investigate the spin channels for the ultrafast spin dynamics in mononuclear Cu(tdp)Cl (Cutdp) and Cu(tdp)Cl·MeCN (Cutdp·MeCN) using a high-level many-body theory. In that spirit, we select two slightly different polymerizations arising from one parent complex. We establish the difference in magnetic behavior between the two complexes which arises solely from the geometrical differences.

Evaporation Dynamics on a Lithium Niobate Surface.

Manipulating the water evaporation dynamics is a prerequisite in various modern-day applications like DNA stretching, rapid disease diagnostics, and inkjet printing. One method to affect the evaporation dynamics of droplets is to externally apply electric fields. However, surfaces that bear an intrinsic surface charge have not yet been investigated with respect to their evaporation behavior.

Rigid Cyclic Fluorinated Detergents: Fine-Tuning the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Controls Self-Assembling and Biochemical Properties.

We report herein the synthesis of three detergents bearing a perfluorinated cyclohexyl group connected through a short, hydrogenated spacer (i.e., propyl, butyl, or pentyl) to a β-maltoside polar head that are, respectively, called FCymal-3, FCymal-4, and FCymal-5.

Using single and double laser pulses on the molecular Ni@CH system to design integrated nanospintronic units.

The accomplishment of long-distance spin transfer scenarios between several magnetic centers is a big challenge for building and supporting spin-logic units for developing future all-optical magnetic unit operations. Using high-level quantum chemistry theory CCSD and EOM-CCSD, we systematically study the ultrafast laser-induced spin-dynamics process on a carbon-based material, to which four magnetic centers are attached. We show that the CCSD method with the 6-31G basis set calculation is sensitive to the C-Ni bond length.