Evaluation of ChatGPT-4 for the detection of surgical site infections from electronic health records after colorectal surgery: A pilot diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Surveillance of surgical site infection (SSI) relies on manual methods that are time-consuming and prone to subjectivity. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT for detecting SSI from electronic health records after colorectal surgery via comparison with the results of a nationwide surveillance programme.

Methods: This pilot, retrospective, multicentre analysis included 122 patients who underwent colorectal surgery.

Immediate lymphatic reconstruction with targeted lymphatic axillary repair.

Current surgical treatment for established lymphedema can be challenging and not always successful. To reduce the incidence of post-operative lymphedema, we began trialing targeted lymphatic axillary repair (TLAR) as a technique for immediate lymphatic reconstruction with the aim of reducing post-operative lymphedema incidence. In this observational prospective study, conducted between March 2017 and May 2022, we assessed the effectiveness of TLAR in reducing lymphedema occurrence in consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery involving axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

The Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Presents the ICO Toolkit-2: An Updated, Spanish National Assessment Kit for Patients with Malignant Neoplasm in Palliative Care.

The needs of patients living with malignant neoplasm, and those of their families and care partners, require a multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach. By systematically assessing these needs with validated tools, healthcare professionals can identify and monitor therapeutic objectives, interventions, and results. At the Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), we set out to update the ICO Toolkit-a set of instruments for assessing the physical, emotional, and social needs of palliative care patients.

Relative effectiveness of the second booster COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers: VEBIS HCW VE cohort study (1 October 2022-2 May 2023).

Introduction: Repeated COVID-19 booster vaccination was recommended in healthcare workers (HCWs) to maintain protection. We measured the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine compared to the first booster, against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study among HCWs from 12 European hospitals, we collected nasopharyngeal or saliva samples at enrolment and during weekly/fortnightly follow-up between October 2022 and May 2023.

Does the modified shuttle test exhibit a ceiling effect in healthy and cystic fibrosis children and adolescents?

Introduction: The modified shuttle test-15 (MST-15) is a valid alternative for assessing exercise capacity when a cardiopulmonary exercise testing is not feasible. This study aims to describe the percentage of healthy and cystic fibrosis (CF) children and adolescents reaching the MST-15 ceiling. Additionally, it examines associations between MST-15 distance and demographic, anthropometric, and lung function data.

The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance.

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

PSA bounce: understanding temporal fluctuations in prostate cancer after external radiotherapy.

Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) bounce is a transient elevation in PSA levels commonly observed after radiotherapy. This study aims to investigate the characteristics, timing, and clinical implications of PSA bounce (PSA-B) in prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), exploring potential causes and its relevance in patient management.

Materials And Methods: Between 2013 and 2019, 629 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with EBRT.

Efficacy and safety of osteoporosis treatment in older adults. Approach for the secondary prevention of fractures in older populations. A proposal by SEFRAOS.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture, resulting in bone fragility and risk of fractures. As the life expectancy of the population increases, fragility fractures are expected to become more common. Indeed, the incidence rate for major fracture (hip, vertebra, pelvis, etc.

Safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have recently shown potential efficacy for many conditions without the need for regular monitoring. However, their use in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is controversial, with no clear consensus on how they compare to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), which have traditionally been used as preferred anticoagulation therapy in these patients.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Embase databases were systematically searched up to December 2023 for studies comparing DOACs versus VKAs in KTRs.

Long-term safety of gantenerumab in participants with Alzheimer's disease: A phase III, open-label extension study (SCarlet RoAD).

Background: Gantenerumab is a fully human anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody for subcutaneous (SC) administration. The efficacy and safety of low-dose (105 mg or 225 mg) gantenerumab were investigated in SCarlet RoAD (SR; NCT01224106), a Phase III, double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled study in participants with prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Following a pre-planned futility analysis, SR was converted into an open-label extension (OLE) study.

FACEmemory, an Innovative Self-Administered Online Memory Assessment Tool.

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are currently underdiagnosed in the community, and early detection of cognitive deficits is crucial for timely intervention. FACEmemory, the first completely self-administered online memory test with voice recognition, has been launched as an accessible tool to detect such deficits. This study aims to investigate the neuropsychological associations between FACEmemory subscores and cognitive composites derived from traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests and to develop an optimal algorithm using FACEmemory data and demographics to discriminate cognitively healthy (CH) individuals from those with MCI.

KABP051: Stability in Fruit Juices and Production of Bioactive Compounds During Their Fermentation.

The lactic fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices by well-characterised probiotics remains relatively underexplored. We have investigated the stability and impact of KABP051 fermentation on orange, apple, and peach juices by microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory evaluation means. For each fruit juice, three different samples were analysed: original fruit juice without probiotic as blank (B), fruit juice inoculated with 10 CFU/mL of probiotic without fermentation (P), and fruit juice inoculated with 10 CFU/mL of probiotic and fermented at 37 °C for 24 h (PF).

Effects of a nutrition education intervention on food-provision managerial decisions in Catalan old age nursing homes.

Introduction: Existing research does not provide definitive conclusions on the most effective initiatives for preventing malnutrition among older adult residents in nursing homes.

Objective: We aimed to assess whether a nutrition education intervention provided to nursing home managers can improve dietary managerial decisions within nursing homes.

Methods: We performed a multicenter study, where each center was randomized to an intervention or a control group.

Multidisciplinary boards: Survey on the current situation and needs of Spanish radiologists.

Introduction And Objectives: The increasing participation of radiologists in multidisciplinary boards brings about advantages, challenges and specific needs. The aim of this paper is to identify the boards in which radiologists participate and to detect the needs, problems and opportunities that these boards pose for our specialty.

Methods And Materials: The Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM) conducted an ad-hoc survey that was distributed among members and through social networks.

The Mediating Role of Trait Mindfulness in Academic Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Italian University Students.

Background: Stress is a significant factor influencing the mental well-being of students, and mindfulness strategies have been associated with reduced academic stress. Nevertheless, there is a limited body of research investigating stress and trait mindfulness in a sample of Italian university students. This study aims to explore the relationship between academic stress, effort-reward imbalance, and trait mindfulness.

Facing death alone and in isolation: A phenomenological study with survivors of COVID-19.

During the early waves of COVID-19, many patients had to be isolated, with some dying alone in hospitals. Understanding the psychological impact of isolation during a potentially life-threatening disease and identifying coping mechanisms can inform future care protocols. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of COVID-19 survivors isolated in hospitals.

Associations of plasma SMOC1 and soluble IL6RA levels with the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.

Despite the central role attributed to neuroinflammation in the etiology and pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the direct link between levels of inflammatory mediators in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments, as well as their potential implications for AD diagnosis and progression, remains inconclusive. Moreover, there is debate on whether inflammation has a protective or detrimental effect on disease onset and progression. Indeed, distinct immunological mechanisms may govern protective and damaging effects at early and late stages, respectively.

Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults self-confined at home during a COVID-19 national lockdown.

Background: Despite growing evidence of reduced invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease attributed to public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of these measures on pneumococcal carriage remains unclear. This study aimed to assess pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among children and adults self-confined at home during the COVID-19 national lockdown in Spain while identifying predictors of pneumococcal carriage in children.

Methods: Household study conducted across the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) between April-June 2020.