Structural insights into the interplay between microtubule polymerases, γ-tubulin complexes and their receptors.

The γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is a structural template for controlled nucleation of microtubules from α/β-tubulin heterodimers. At the cytoplasmic side of the yeast spindle pole body, the CM1-containing receptor protein Spc72 promotes γ-TuRC assembly from seven γ-tubulin small complexes (γ-TuSCs) and recruits the microtubule polymerase Stu2, yet their molecular interplay remains unclear. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of the Candida albicans cytoplasmic nucleation unit at 3.

Realization of a Laughlin State of Two Rapidly Rotating Fermions.

We realize a Laughlin state of two rapidly rotating fermionic atoms in an optical tweezer. By utilizing a single atom and spin resolved imaging technique, we sample the Laughlin wave function thereby revealing its distinctive features, including a vortex distribution in the relative motion, correlations in the particles' relative angle, and suppression of the interparticle interactions. Our Letter lays the foundation for atom-by-atom assembly of fractional quantum Hall states in rotating atomic gases.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Observation of an Inverse Turbulent-Wave Cascade in a Driven Quantum Gas.

We observe an inverse turbulent-wave cascade, from small to large length scales, in a driven homogeneous 2D Bose gas. Starting with an equilibrium condensate, we drive the gas isotropically on a length scale much smaller than its size, and observe a nonthermal population of modes with wavelengths larger than the drive one. At long drive times, the gas exhibits a steady nonthermal momentum distribution.

Hydrogen Production by the Ruthenium(II) Complex Bearing a Bulky PNP Ligand: A Catalyst for the Decomposition of Formic Acid and/or Ammonium Formate.

The five-coordinate complex [RuCl(PNP)] () was synthesized from the binuclear [RuCl(-cym)] with a PNP-type ligand (PNP = 3,6-di--butyl-1,8-bis(dipropylphosphino)methyl)-9-carbazole - (Cbzdiphos )H) in a toluene solution, within 20 h at 110 °C, producing a green solid, which was precipitated with a 1/1 mixture of - pentane/HMDSO. The complex was characterized by NMR-H, C, and P{H}, mass spectroscopy-LIFDI, FTIR, UV/vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, as well as a description of the optimized structure by DFT calculation. The reactivity of was investigated in the presence of potassium triethylborohydride (KBEtH, in THF solution of 1.

A Training for Parents Prevents Clinically Relevant Handling Errors in the Use of Long-Term Antiseizure Medication.

Background: Medication handling errors (ME) in long-term antiseizure medication (ASM) compromise patient safety. Training programs to prevent those errors by parents are scarce.

Patients: The intervention concept is designed for parents of children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with at least one long-term ASM.

Pd(0)/Pd(II) Electromerism Triggered by Lewis Base Coordination to a Redox-Active Silicon Z-Type Ligand.

Electromerism (aka. valence tautomerism) corresponds to the switching of electronic distributions between redox-active ligands and central elements. While this phenomenon is well established for several transition metals, the Pd(0)/Pd(II) couple could not yet be involved due to the high energy of the Pd(0) state.

Evaluation of Pelvic MRI-to-CT Deformable Registration for Adaptive MR-Guided Particle Therapy.

Purpose: We aim to assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-to-CT deformable image registration (DIR) quality of our treatment planning system in the pelvic region as the first step of an online MRI-guided particle therapy clinical workflow.

Materials And Methods: Using 2 different DIR algorithms, ANAtomically CONstrained Deformation Algorithm (ANACONDA), the DIR algorithm incorporated in RayStation, and Elastix, an open-source registration software, we retrospectively assessed the quality of the deformed CT (dCT) generation in the pelvic region for 5 patients. T1- and T2-weighted daily control MRI acquired prior to treatment delivery were used for the DIR.

Low-power scalable multilayer optoelectronic neural networks enabled with incoherent light.

Optical approaches have made great strides towards the goal of high-speed, energy-efficient computing necessary for modern deep learning and AI applications. Read-in and read-out of data, however, limit the overall performance of existing approaches. This study introduces a multilayer optoelectronic computing framework that alternates between optical and optoelectronic layers to implement matrix-vector multiplications and rectified linear functions, respectively.

Heart rate during moderate exercise and attention among adolescents: An experimental study.

Background: Existing studies on the effects of physical activity on cognitive function have predominantly focused on pre- or post-exercise effects, leaving a gap in understanding the immediate cognitive impacts during physical exertion. Understanding cognitive performance during activity could have significant implications for improving productivity and therapeutic strategies.

Methods: This study examined the relationship between heart rate and cognitive performance, specifically attention, using the D2 attention test among 32 adolescents aged 12-18 years.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Clinical Validation of TIME Criteria to Detect Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults: Methodological Report from the TIME International Study Group.

Background: Various explicit screening tools, developed mostly in central Europe and the USA, assist clinicians in optimizing medication use for older adults. The Turkish Inappropriate Medication use in oldEr adults (TIME) criteria set, primarily based on the STOPP/START criteria set, is a current explicit tool originally developed for Eastern Europe and subsequently validated for broader use in Central European settings. Reviewed every three months to align with the latest scientific literature, it is one of the most up-to-date tools available.

Does Prior Nasal Airway Surgery Impact Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

Objective: Nasal surgery can improve patient-reported obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) outcomes as well as adherence with medical device treatments. The aim of this study was to examine whether previous nasal surgery was associated with hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) therapy outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective observational cohort study was performed utilizing the multicenter international HNS registry (ADHERE).

A Trithia-Bridged N-Heterotriangulene: The Hitherto Missing Electron Donor.

The very first representative of trithia-bridged N-heterotriangulene, a triphenylamine with sulfur atoms bridging the ortho-positions, was synthesized by a sequence of regioselective sulfenylation with phthalimidesulfenyl chloride followed by Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic cyclization. X-ray crystallography revealed a saddle-shaped geometry of the polycyclic scaffold. UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the optoelectronic properties.

High-Statistics Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron Spectrum with H.E.S.S.

Owing to their rapid cooling rate and hence loss-limited propagation distance, cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CRe) at very high energies probe local cosmic-ray accelerators and provide constraints on exotic production mechanisms such as annihilation of dark matter particles. We present a high-statistics measurement of the spectrum of CRe candidate events from 0.3 to 40 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System, covering 2 orders of magnitude in energy and reaching a proton rejection power of better than 10^{4}.

Copper coordination chemistry of the patellamides - cyanobactins in the ascidian- symbiosis.

, an obligate symbiont of certain ascidians (sea squirts found in tropical areas), produces various cyclic pseudo-octapeptides in large quantities. These secondary metabolites have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and, due to their four azol(in)e and four amide donor groups, coordination chemists have become interested in these molecules. The structures of the metal-free macrocycles and their dinuclear copper(II) complexes are known, and solution equilibria, spectroscopic properties and a range of biologically relevant reactions have been studied in detail.

[Treatment of cancer-related pain-From pharmacotherapy to invasive procedures].

Depending on the stage of the tumor up to 80% of the patients suffer from cancer-related pain but treatment is often inadequate. Multiple causes can trigger pain and these can be due to the tumor itself, its secondary consequences but also treatment related. A differentiated assessment and individually tailored treatment of cancer-related pain not only improve the quality of life but also reduce the risk of pain chronification.

[Environmental sustainability in intensive care medicine].

Intensive care medicine is an area with a particularly high consumption of resources. This review presents important new findings relating to the environmental sustainability of intensive care medicine. For example, the drugs used in intensive care medicine can end up in the environment and cause relevant ecotoxicity.

[Psychedelics in psychiatry: an open debate].

The application of psychedelics in psychiatry and psychotherapy is increasingly the subject of scientific evaluation and discussion in national and international professional and general society, and, internationally, has already been partly applied in the clinical setting. The manuscript provides a basic description of the state of the art regarding evidence and clinical issues; law, ethics and economics are addressed; therapeutic qualification of potential users and a potentially clinical embedding in psychiatry are discussed, taking into consideration current challenges. Thus, the discussion will cover the circumstances under which the application of psychedelics might have a potential to broaden the spectrum of treatments in certain psychiatric conditions, particularly in the context of chronicity and treatment resistance to current methods.

Gold-Catalysed 1,2-Difunctionalisation: Sulfoximines as N- and O-Transfer Reagents.

Among the nucleophilic oxidants employed in the gold-catalysed oxidation of alkynes, sulphur-based reagents have played a substantial role since the beginning, granting access to the respective gold carbene intermediates. Herein, we describe the first example of the substance class of sulfoximines being used as atom transfer reagents to alkynes in gold catalysis. Based on the transformation of N-(2-alkynylphenyl) sulfoximines to 3H-indol-3-ones, it is demonstrated that the sulfoximine functionality is capable of selectively transferring first its nitrogen moiety to the alkyne, forming the α-imino gold carbene, which is then oxidised by the released sulfoxide moiety in a second step via a pseudo-intramolecular mechanism - a distinctive feature that differentiates this work mechanistically from earlier studies.

[The debate on the German abortion law since the German reunification-historical, legal, and ethical aspects of abortion in Germany].

Abortion continues to be a highly contentious issue. This article provides an overview of the historical, ethical, and legal aspects of the abortion debate in Germany with a focus on the developments since the reunification. It delves into the background of the 1995 reform of the German abortion law, which centers around mandatory counseling before having an abortion.

Amplifying Lewis acidity by oxidation: leveraging the redox-activity of bis(3,6-di--butyl-catecholato)silane.

Bis(catecholato)silanes were showcased as strong Lewis acids, while their inherent redox activity remained unexplored in this context. In the present work, we study the oxidation of monomeric bis(3,6-di--butyl-catecholato)silane (1), leading to the Lewis superacidic radicalic silylium ionradical 1˙+ (FIA 784 kJ mol). Oxidation of 1 with [N(-CHBr)][B(CF)] yielded [1][B(CF)], displaying strong catalytic activity in the Friedel-Crafts-dimerization, hydrodeoxygenation and carbonyl-olefin-metathesis.

Eccentricity pacing and rapid termination of the early Antarctic ice ages.

Earth's obliquity and eccentricity cycles are strongly imprinted on Earth's climate and widely used to measure geological time. However, the record of these imprints on the oxygen isotope record in deep-sea benthic foraminifera (δO) shows contradictory signals that violate isotopic principles and cause controversy over climate-ice sheet interactions. Here, we present a δO record of high fidelity from International Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1406 in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.