Sex hormone-binding globulin overexpression protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity in transgenic male mice.

Obese subjects of all ages and sex have reduced plasma SHBG levels. Whether these low plasma SHBG levels play a role in obesity development is unknown. In the present work we wanted to explore if SHBG overexpression could prevent obesity development induced by high fat diet (HFD).

Caffeine Upregulates Hepatic Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Production by Increasing Adiponectin Through AKT/FOXO1 Pathway in White Adipose Tissue.

Scope: Epidemiological studies have shown that caffeine increases serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. The relationship between caffeine and SHBG production has never been studied before at molecular level. The aim of this study is to examine whether caffeine regulates SHBG production and to determine the associated molecular mechanisms.

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Expression Correlates With Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase and Triglyceride Content in Human Liver.

Context: There is emerging evidence that SHBG is substantially reduced in chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have recently reported, through use of in vitro (HepG2 cells) and in vivo (SHBG-C57BL/ksJ-db/db mice) models, that SHBG could play a role in arresting the progression of NAFLD by downregulating lipogenesis.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which SHBG prevents hepatic lipogenesis by examining the relationship between SHBG and a key lipogenic enzyme, such as acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in the liver of obese persons.

Nodular Thyroid Disease and Thyroid Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine.

The management of thyroid nodules, one of the main clinical challenges in endocrine clinical practice, is usually straightforward. Although the most important concern is ruling out malignancy, there are grey areas where uncertainty is frequently present: the nodules labelled as indeterminate by cytology and the extent of therapy when thyroid cancer is diagnosed pathologically. There is evidence that the current available precision medicine tools (from all the "-omics" to molecular analysis, fine-tuning imaging or artificial intelligence) may help to fill present gaps in the future.

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Reduction in Metabolic Disorders May Play a Role in NAFLD Development.

Low plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are a hallmark in chronic metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which represents a spectrum of disease ranging from hepatocellular steatosis through steatohepatitis to fibrosis and irreversible cirrhosis. The functional link between altered SHBG production and NAFLD development and progression remains unclear. We investigated the effects of overexpressing human SHBG in 2 mouse models of NAFLD: a genetically induced double transgenic mouse and a diet-induced model.

The placebo effect in thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis.

Context: The natural history of advanced thyroid malignancies is largely unknown. The outcome of patients included in the placebo arm of clinical trials could be reflective of their therapy-free evolution.

Objective: To analyze the response rate, symptoms and adverse effects of locally advanced or metastatic differentiated (DTC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in patients treated with placebo in clinical trials.

Novel insights in SHBG regulation and clinical implications.

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is produced and secreted by the liver into the bloodstream where it binds sex steroids and regulates their bioavailability. Traditionally, body mass index (BMI) was thought to be the major determinant of SHBG concentrations and hyperinsulinemia the main cause for low SHBG levels found in obesity. However, no mechanisms have ever been described.

Evolution of differentiated thyroid cancer: a decade of thyroidectomies in a single institution.

Background: Numerous studies have shown an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) in recent years.

Objectives: In this paper, we reviewed the incidence of TC in a series of patients undergoing thyroid surgery at a single institution over a 10-year period.

Patients And Methods: The cohorts were divided into two periods (2001-2005 and 2006-2010) with the purpose of comparing various clinicopathologic variables.

Preoperative TSH level and risk of thyroid cancer in patients with nodular thyroid disease: nodule size contribution.

Background: Many reports have supported the relationship between high preoperative TSH levels and risk of thyroid cancer in nodular thyroid disease (NTD).

Objectives: We investigated whether TSH levels are related to the risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy for NTD. The relationship between TSH and size of malignant nodule was investigated.

Thyroid hormone upregulates zinc-α2-glycoprotein production in the liver but not in adipose tissue.

Overproduction of zinc-α2-glycoprotein by adipose tissue is crucial in accounting for the lipolysis occurring in cancer cachexia of certain malignant tumors. The main aim of this study was to explore whether thyroid hormone could enhance zinc-α2-glycoprotein production in adipose tissue. In addition, the regulation of zinc-α2-glycoprotein by thyroid hormone in the liver was investigated.