A reduction in effective population size has not relaxed purifying selection in the human population of Eivissa (Balearic Islands).

Ibiza (Eivissa) is one of the main Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean. Recent studies have highlighted the genetic distinctiveness of present-day Eivissans within the region and suggested it could be attributed to the genetic drift caused by recent demographic events. Whether this distinctiveness emerged from a differential demographic history, or rather from a bias for sampling in a small geographic region such as Eivissa, remains an open question, together with the understanding of the functional consequences of demography in the island.

Maintenance Immunosuppression With Tacrolimus and Everolimus in Heart Transplantation Compared With the Usual Tacrolimus and Micophenolate Protocol: Results From a Retrospective Registry.

Introduction: Real-life data on the long-term use of a maintenance immunosuppressive protocol in heart transplant patients using delayed Everolimus + Tacrolimus are scarce.

Methods: This is a retrospective study that included all heart transplant patients from 2011 to 2021 in two Spanish hospitals. In Hospital A, the preferred immunosuppressive strategy included Everolimus initiation at 2 months post-transplant combined with Tacrolimus and was compared with the results of Hospital B, where a standard Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate mofetil protocol was used.

Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate to predict cardiac events in major noncardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of two large international studies.

Background: Optimised use of kidney function information might improve cardiac risk prediction in noncardiac surgery.

Methods: In 35,815 patients from the VISION cohort study and 9219 patients from the POISE-2 trial who were ≥45 yr old and underwent nonurgent inpatient noncardiac surgery, we examined (by age and sex) the association between continuous nonlinear preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the composite of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, nonfatal cardiac arrest, or death owing to a cardiac cause within 30 days after surgery. We estimated contributions of predictive information, C-statistic, and net benefit from eGFR and other common patient and surgical characteristics to large multivariable models.

Economic preferences and cognitive abilities among teenagers in Spain.

This dataset originates from TeensLab, a consortium of Spanish Universities dedicated to behavioral research involving Spanish teenagers. The dataset contains data from 33 distinct educational institutions across Spain, accounting for a total of 5,890 students aged 10 to 23 (M = 14.10, SD = 1.

Degradation of organophosphate flame retardants by white-rot fungi: Degradation pathways and associated toxicity.

The environmental persistence of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in water is becoming and environmental concern. White Rot Fungi (WRF) have proven its capability to degrade certain OPFRs such as tributyl phosphate (TBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP). Despite this capability, there is limited knowledge about the specific pathways involved in the degradation.

Assessing microplastic pollution along the Caribbean coast of La Guajira, Colombia.

Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental issue, severely impacting marine ecosystems. In Colombia, understanding of marine microplastic pollution remains limited, necessitating targeted efforts for prevention and conservation. This study presents the first assessment of microplastics along 125 km of the Caribbean coast of La Guajira region in Colombia.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Measurement of CP Violation Observables in D^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} Decays.

A search for violation of the charge-parity (CP) symmetry in the D^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} decay is presented, with proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. A novel model-independent technique is used to compare the D^{+} and D^{-} phase-space distributions, with instrumental asymmetries subtracted using the D_{s}^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} decay as a control channel.

Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea, located in an area with high burden of malaria and hosting a large mining operation, offer a unique opportunity to study transmission. There, we investigated human and vector factors influencing malaria transmission.

Methods: In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,914 individuals assessing malaria prevalence through rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Profile and Usefulness of Serum Cytokines to Predict Prognosis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Objectives: To characterize the serum cytokine profile in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) at onset and during follow-up and assess their utility for predicting relapses and disability.

Methods: This retrospective multicentric cohort study included patients aged 16 years and older meeting MOGAD 2023 criteria, with serum samples collected at baseline (≤3 months from disease onset) and follow-up (≥6 months from the baseline), and age-matched and time to sampling-matched patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Eleven cytokines were assessed using the ELLA system.

Human brain dynamics are shaped by rare long-range connections over and above cortical geometry.

A fundamental topological principle is that the container always shapes the content. In neuroscience, this translates into how the brain anatomy shapes brain dynamics. From neuroanatomy, the topology of the mammalian brain can be approximated by local connectivity, accurately described by an exponential distance rule (EDR).

Variability of Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease questionnaire (PsAID12) thresholds in psoriatic arthritis: data from the ReFlaP study.

Objectives: To explore thresholds for the Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Impact of Disease questionnaire (PsAID12) score against disease activity measures in an observational setting, in patients with PsA.

Methods: The baseline data from the ReFlaP observational, prospective, multicentre and international study was used (NCT03119805). Cutoffs for PsAID12 were determined against disease activity scores, defining disease impact states (ie remission, low impact, moderate impact and high impact).

Efficiency of telerehabilitation on subacute stroke ambulation: a matched case-control study.

Background Stroke now represents the condition with the highest need for physical rehabilitation worldwide, with only low or moderate-level evidence testing telerehabilitation compared to in-person care. We compared functional ambulation in subacute patients with stroke following telerehabilitation and matched in-person controls with no biopsychosocial differences at baseline. Methods We conducted a matched case-control study to compare functional ambulation between individuals with stroke following telerehabilitation and in-person rehabilitation, assessed using the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) and the Functional Independence Measure™ (FIM).

Good and bad indications for adjuvant radiotherapy after transoral laser microsurgery for laryngeal cancer.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize current evidence regarding the indication of adjuvant treatment after transoral laser microsurgery (TOLMS).

Recent Findings: Apart from well known risk factors, margins represent the key point in the decision-making. If margins are affected, additional treatment is mandatory.

Balancing landscape values and tourism choices: Integrating participatory mapping and the IPBES Values Typology.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserves aim to balance nature and human coexistence, but increasing tourism challenges landscape management. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) stresses the importance of understanding stakeholder values for effective management of natural spaces through a typology of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values. This study applies this IPBES typology to tourism preferences in the Archipelago Sea Biosphere Reserve (ABR) using Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Published data have highlighted associations between Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility loci and AD-related brain changes. The amyloid imaging to prevent AD (AMYPAD) consortium is a European collaboration consisting of several parent cohorts, four of which had raw genotype array data available. We sought to integrate and harmonise the genetic data, calculate AD polygenic risk scores (PRS), and investigate their association with global amyloid deposition.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), attributable to APP overexpression, displaying common features with early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) like Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Here, we evaluated the Aβ plaques proteome of DS, EOAD and LOAD.

Method: We used unbiased localized proteomics to analyze amyloid plaques and the adjacent plaque-devoid tissue ('AD non-plaque') from post-mortem paraffin-embedded tissues in three subtypes of AD (n = 20/group): DS (59.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Epigenetic mechanisms as a potential underlying pathogenic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases have been the scope of several studies performed so far. However, there is a gap in analyzing different forms of early-onset dementia to minimize the effect of aging and the use of Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) as a possible disease model for earlier clinical phases.

Method: We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in 64 samples (from prefrontal cortex and lymphoblastoid cell lines) from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC V2.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into whether the NLR is directly linked with AD pathology or a result of underlying comorbidities.

Method: We explored the relationship between the NLR and AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Murine studies have identified blood proteins that influence brain aging, but translating these findings to humans remains challenging. We used an innovative approach to investigate whether genetically predicted blood levels of proteins linked to brain aging in animal models are associated with cognitive performance in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) [Figure 1].

Method: Through systematic review, we identified 13 circulating proteins with an aging/rejuvenating effect on the mouse brain.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Synaptic degeneration is a primary neuropathological factor associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In 2021, we generated a synaptic Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) that comprised only 8 variants within 6 synaptic genes (APOE, PICALM, BIN1, PTK2B, DLG2 and MINK1) that predicted AD with 72% accuracy in two neuropathological cohorts. This supports the hypothesis that genetic variants that regulate an individual's vulnerability to AD-related synapse degeneration could be used to identify individuals at-risk for AD prior to the appearance of clinical symptoms.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Synapse degeneration is one of the earliest changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is the major neuropathologic correlate of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to characterize microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation at AD synapses post-mortem brain tissue and explore the specificity for AD.

Method: We prepared synaptosomes (SYN) by serial ultracentrifugation of 10 AD (mean age = 77.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Clear sex differences exist in AD and PD. Several studies examined genetic regulations for AD phenotypes and gene expression data in a sex-specific manner, identifying some differences between males and females. In contrasts, although proteins are final effectors of most physiological pathways and important drug targets, sex-specific regulations for proteins remain vastly understudied.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Practice effects are a well-known cognitive phenomenon that is reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate whether cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals within the Alzheimer's continuum (i.e.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: In the present study we aimed to assess the cognition of post-COVID condition (PCC) participants regarding their sleep quality, and to analyse different possible moderators of this effect, such as quality of life (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions, EQ-5D), fatigue (Chadler Fatigue Questionnaire, CFQ), cognitive reserve (Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire, CRC), and subjective cognitive complaints (Memory Failures of Everyday Questionnaire, MFE-30).

Method: We included 373 individuals with PCC and 126 healthy controls (HCs) from the NAUTILUS Project (NCT05307549 and NCT05307575) that were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and different questionnaires.

Result: We included 373 individuals with PCC and 126 healthy controls (HCs) from the NAUTILUS Project (NCT05307549 and NCT05307575) that were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and different questionnaires.