Technique for liver separation using the modified liver hanging maneuver (LHM) in a case of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins.

Introduction: Conjoined twins are rare, high-stakes cases requiring complex management. This report presents thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins who shared parts of liver and abdominal wall. The main obstacle in separating these patients was liver fusion.

Giant gallbladder case report with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum level and mRNA expression evaluation.

Giant gallbladder (GGB) is a rare condition and its pathogenesis could not be explained clearly. It can result from cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis or neoplasm, but more rarely if created congenitally. Adequate vasculatization should support the development of this entity.