Phosphate recovery through struvite-family crystals precipitated in the presence of citric acid: mineralogical phase and morphology evaluation.

Precipitation strategy of struvite-family crystals is presented in this paper to recover phosphate and potassium from a synthetic wastewater in the presence of citric acid at elevated temperature. The crystal-forming solutions were prepared from crystals of MgCl and NHHPO with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 for Mg, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], and the citric acid (CHO) was prepared (1.00 and 20.