Unravelling the role of carotid atherosclerosis in predicting cardiovascular disease risk: A review.

Carotid atherosclerosis disease assessment can predict the patient's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of carotid atherosclerosis disease's pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, imaging applications, and treatment strategies. Carotid atherosclerosis is diagnosed using a variety of techniques, including transcranial Doppler imaging (TCD), computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with duplex ultrasound (DUS) as the primary screening.

Evaluation of Tobacco Tax Funding to Eradicate Illicit Cigarettes in Indonesia: A Qualitative Approach.

Objectives: The illicit cigarette trade endangers public health because it increases access to cheaper tobacco products, hence fueling the tobacco epidemic and undermining tobacco control policies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the execution of an illicit cigarette eradication program under the jurisdiction of the local government in Indonesia. We sought to provide insights into the effectiveness of current policies and their impact on the illicit cigarette trade in line with the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) protocol to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products.

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the homophobia scale in religious-based university students in Indonesia.

This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the homophobia scale in students attending religion-based universities in Indonesia. This research is important as homosexuality is a controversial issue in the country and is still a topic of debate. The Homophobia Scale is a tool that assesses attitudes towards homosexuality through 17 items measuring positive affirmation, negative cognition, and the perceived threat of homosexual behavior.

The International Breakfast Research Initiative-Evaluation and Comparison of Breakfast Nutrient Intakes in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines with a View to Proposing a Harmonised Nutrient-Based Breakfast Recommendation.

The International Breakfast Research Initiative is a global study of breakfast nutrition, involving 17 countries in four continents, aiming to derive nutrient-based regional recommendations for breakfast. This study aimed to propose a harmonised recommendation for three South-East Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. For each country, data from nationally representative dietary surveys on the contribution of breakfast to daily nutrient intakes at both the adult population level and at the level of the upper tertile of daily nutrient density using the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) Index were collated and examined.

Profibrotic Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors Are Predicted as the Key Targets of (Hunter) Roxb. in Keloids: An Epistatic and Molecular Simulation Approach.

Keloid is characterized as the fibrotic tissue resulting from the increase of fibroblast activity. (Hunter) Roxb. possesses bioactive compounds that have potential as antifibrotic agents, while the mechanism of action in keloid has not yet been elucidated.

Does sensation-seeking behavior influence the patterns of flavored e-cigarette use? A cross-sectional study among Indonesian adolescents and young adults.

Background: The variety of available flavors in e-cigarettes may be a driver for young people to start using these products. The objectives of our study were to examine the relationship between sensation-seeking behavior and e-cigarette use, and to identify the predictors of flavor use patterns among adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods: Students aged 15 to 24 years participated from randomly selected high schools and universities in Indonesia.

Malnutrition Prevalence and Nutrient Intakes of Indonesian Older Adults in Institutionalized Care Setting: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Introduction: Data on the prevalence of malnutrition and nutrient intakes among Indonesian older adults in institutionalized care setting are scattered and scarce. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature to estimate (1) the prevalence of malnutrition, (2) the level and distribution of habitual energy and nutrient intakes, and (3) the prevalence of inadequacy of energy and nutrient intakes among hospitalized and institutionalized older adults in Indonesia.

Methods: This systematic review was written following the PRISMA 2020 checklist.

Systemic immune-inflammation index as a potential biomarker for predicting acute pulmonary embolism: A systematic review.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiology involves various complex processes. The systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) is a well-known biomarker that reflects the intricate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune components.

Insights into the anti-infective effects of Pluchea indica (L.) Less and its bioactive metabolites against various bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pluchea indica (L.) Less (family Asteraceae) is popularly consumed as a medicinal vegetable and used in ethnomedicine to treat various diseases including gastrointestinal problems such as dysentery and leucorrhoea, which are due to bacterial, fungal or parasitic infections. There have been numerous studies on the antimicrobial effects of the plant due to these ethnomedicine use.

Plant protein consumption is associated with body mass index among women of reproductive age in Indonesia.

Introduction: One of the known determinants of obesity in Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia, is the nutritional transition, which is indicated by fast changes in food production, dietary habits, and physical activity. With rising incomes, plant protein from grains, tubers, and legumes is gradually being replaced by animal protein from poultry, eggs, dairy, and red meat. This change is identified as a protein transition.

Self-Assessment of Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System in Private Hospitals in Indonesia.

Introduction: Hospitals are required to implement patients safety incident (PSI) reporting, analysis, and problem-solving. Self-assessment is important for exploring gaps and strengthening PSI reporting and learning system.

Objectives: This study examined PSI reporting and learning systems through self-assessment based on WHO guidance, analysis of section scores by hospital class, and analysis of section relationships.

An examination of Indonesian teachers' and students' perception and level of digital citizenship.

Despite the advanced development of technology has played a critical role in promoting a global community for people around the globe, it has been paid little attention in the literature that explores teachers' and students' readiness to become part of the digital citizenship particularly in the Indonesian education context. It is thus the objective of the present study to examine Indonesian teachers' and students' perception and their level of digital citizenship. Using a non-probability sampling technique, a total of 157 participants participated in the survey, including 39 teachers and 118 students.

Myocardial fibrosis in rheumatic heart disease: emerging concepts and clinical implications.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a significant cardiovascular burden in the world even though it is no longer common in affluent countries. Centuries of history surrounding this disease provide us with a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology. Infections in the throat, skin, or mucosa are the gateway for Group A Streptococcus (GAS) to penetrate our immune system.

Effect of Roselle Flower Extract ( Linn.) on Reducing Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in Vitamin B12 Deficiency Rat Model.

: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) can occur as a result of micronutrient deficiencies. Hibiscus sabdarifa, a plant used in traditional medicine, contains ingredients that can help prevent this process. This study looked at the potency of Ethanol Extract (HSE) to prevent homocysteine-induced liver damage in animals that were deficient in vitamin B12.

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction on polyphenol metabolite from (Mill.) urb. bulbs using response surface methodology.

bulbs, an endemic plant in Indonesia, have enormous potential as raw materials for pharmaceutical products. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen and develop extraction methods that are easy, rapid, and efficient to enrich targeted secondary metabolites. This study aims to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method conditions for polyphenol metabolite from bulbs.

Feasibility, acceptance and factors related to the implementation of telemedicine in rural areas: A scoping review protocol.

Background: Telemedicine is a quickly developing service that offers more people the access to effective and high-quality healthcare. Societies residing in rural places tend to travel long distances to receive health care, usually have limited access to health care and/or postpone getting health care until a health emergency occurs. However, for telemedicine services to be accessible, a number of prerequisites including the availability of cutting-edge technology and equipment in rural areas must be present.

Service availability and readiness of malaria surveillance information systems implementation at primary health centers in Indonesia.

One of the most important indicators in malaria eradication is the malaria surveillance information system (SISMAL) for recording and reporting medical cases. This paper aims to describe the availability and readiness of SISMALs at primary health centers (PHCs) in Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was implemented in seven provinces for this study.

Smoking Behavior and Cigarette Expenditure in a Household: Evidence for Smoke-Free Houses Initiation in Indonesia.

Background: The household is considered as a private area that is untouched tobacco control policies in developing countries, especially in Indonesia, which has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) treaty.

Objectives: This study aims to identify smoking behavior and expenditure on cigarettes in the household, which are part of the initiation of a policy including a smoke-free home, so it assumes that the home is a public domain in Tegal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.

Methods: This research is an observational study with a quantitative descriptive design.

Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia.

Introduction: Indonesia is ranked fourth among countries with the highest smoking rates and has the highest number of male smokers globally. This study aimed to assess the association between cigarette smoking patterns and the severity of COVID-19 among patients in 15 Indonesian hospitals.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2020 using medical records of 490 COVID-19 patients, including the history of their smoking patterns from 15 private referral hospitals in 5 provinces.

Neuroprotective potential of lignan-rich fraction of Piper cubeba L. by improving antioxidant capacity in the rat's brain.

Piper cubeba contains various types of lignans. These compounds have been found to have potential pharmacological activities, one being a neuroprotector through an antioxidant mechanism, especially in the brain. This study examined the antioxidant activity of the lignan-rich fraction of P.