Exogenous riboflavin (vitamin B2) application enhances salinity tolerance through the activation of its biosynthesis in rice seedlings under salinity stress.

Salinity stress triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to impaired plant growth. Riboflavin (RIB; vitamin B2) is synthesized by plants, fungi, and microorganisms and is a precursor of the coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which are important for cellular metabolism. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanistic basis of the RIB-mediated alleviation of salinity stress in rice.

Language and COVID-19: A discourse analysis of resistance to lockdown in Indonesia.

Communities in Indonesia were resistant to lockdown policies, Large-Scale Social Restrictions () and the Enactment of Restrictions on Community Activities (). Both policies were implemented numerous times in the country during the COVID-19 pandemic, and these caused widespread unrest. Language with the terms and , which several times extended suddenly, not informed to the community, inconsistent in its implementation, makes the community feel mad, neglected the needs of their life, and severe rejections.

Do parenting styles and religious beliefs matter for child behavioral problem? The mediating role of digital literacy.

Behavioral problems in children are a global issue, and it has attracted scholars in both developed and developing countries. This study aims to examine religious beliefs and parenting styles in predicting children's behavioral problems, as well as investigate the mediating role of digital literacy to explain this relationship. This research adopted a quantitative approach based on the questionnaire provided to parents with different religious backgrounds who participated in the online survey.