Neutrophil-to-Eosinophil Ratio Predicts the Efficacy of Avelumab in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Enrolled in the MALVA Study (Meet-URO 25).

Background: Neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) has been described to be associated with outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in several tumor types, but less is known about its role of in the response to avelumab in advanced urothelial cancer (aUC). Thus, we reported outcomes by NER of aUC patients treated with avelumab as maintenance after initial response to platinum-based chemotherapy and enrolled in the Maintenance with AVeLumAb ([MALVA] in advanced urothelial neoplasms in response to first-line chemotherapy: an observational retrospective study) study (Meet-URO 25).

Patients And Methods: Median NER at baseline and after 3 cycles of avelumab were calculated.

Lutetium [Lu]-DOTA-TATE in gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine tumours: rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the Italian prospective observational (REAL-LU) study.

Purpose: Gastroenteropancreatic -neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) are commonly treated with surgical resection or long-term therapies for tumour growth control. Lutetium [Lu]-DOTA-TATE was approved for the treatment of GEP-NETs after the phase III NETTER 1trial demonstrated improved progression free survival, objective response rates and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to high-dose somatostatin analogues. No real-world data exist on prescribing habits and clinically significant endpoints for [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE treatment in Italy.

The Etiologic Landscape of Lymphoproliferation in Childhood: Proposal for a Diagnostic Approach Exploring from Infections to Inborn Errors of Immunity and Metabolic Diseases.

Lymphoproliferation is defined by lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, or lymphocytic organ and tissue infiltration. The most common etiologies of lymphoproliferation are represented by infectious diseases and lymphoid malignancies. However, it is increasingly recognized that lymphoproliferative features can be the presenting sign of rare conditions, including inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and inborn errors of metabolism (IEM).

Nonpersistent Nanoarchitectures Enhance Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in an Immunocompetent Orthotopic Model of HPV+ Head/Neck Carcinoma.

Cisplatin chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the established standard of care for managing locally advanced human papillomavirus-positive head/neck carcinoma. The typically young patients may suffer serious and long-time side effects caused by the treatment, such as dysphagia, and hearing loss. Thus, ensuring a satisfactory post-treatment quality of life is paramount.

Response to semaglutide of non-drinker subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) displays a worse prognosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D); effective treatments are, so far, scanty. Semaglutide showed efficacy in improving steatohepatitis. We longitudinally observed a MASLD cohort of T2D subjects starting semaglutide, to detect an improvement of non-invasive surrogates of steatosis and fibro-inflammatory liver involvement, evaluating the role of mild alcohol consumption.

Front-Line Therapeutic Strategy in Metastatic Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer: An Updated Therapeutic Algorithm.

Prostate carcinoma (PC), the second most diagnosed cancer globally, saw approximately 1,414,000 new cases in 2020, with 17% being de novo metastatic. In these cases, the 5-year relative survival rate is 32%. Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) includes those with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis or after initial therapy without long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), eventually progressing to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Surgical treatment of orbital tumors in a single center: Analysis and results.

Background: Orbital tumors, arising within the bony orbit and its contents, present diverse challenges due to their varied origins and complex anatomical context. These tumors, classified as primary, secondary, or metastatic, are further subdivided into intraconal and extraconal based on their relationship with the muscle cone. This classification significantly influences surgical approach and management.

Tumor microenvironment and clinical efficacy of first line immunotherapy-based combinations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The impact of tumor microenvironment (TME) in influencing clinical response to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatment in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) could identify biomarkers related to immune checkpoints and immune cell population. This study retrospectively characterized TME from 28 RCC patients who received first line ICI-based therapy through IHC assessment of selected markers and explored preliminary evidence about their possible correlation with treatment efficacy.

Best practices for the management of febrile seizures in children.

Febrile seizures (FS) are commonly perceived by healthcare professionals as a self-limited condition with a generally 'benign' nature. Nonetheless, they frequently lead to pediatric consultations, and their management can vary depending on the clinical context. For parents and caregivers, witnessing a seizure can be a distressing experience, significantly impacting their quality of life.

A rare case of primary cutaneous Nocardia vinacea in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and a review of the literature.

The nocardiae are a complex group of bacteria belonging to the aerobic saprophytes actinomycetes. Although nocardiosis typically occurs in immunocompromised patients, infection may occasionally develop in immunocompetent patients as well. Here we describe a rare case of primary cutaneous nocardiosis due to Nocardia vinacea in an immunocompetent 79-year-old patient.

Combined Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival and Contralateral Transmaxillary Approach to the Petrous Apex and the Petroclival Synchondrosis: Working "Around the Corner" of the Internal Carotid Artery-Quantitative Anatomical Study and Clinical Applications.

The endoscopic contralateral transmaxillary (CTM) approach has been proposed as a potential route to widen the corridor posterolateral to the internal carotid artery (ICA). In this study, we first refined the surgical technique of a combined multiportal endoscopic endonasal transclival (EETC) and CTM approach to the petrous apex (PA) and petroclival synchondrosis (PCS) in the dissection laboratory, and then validated its applications in a preliminary surgical series. The combined EETC and CTM approach was performed on three cadaver specimens based on four surgical steps: (1) the nasal, (2) the clival, (3) the maxillary and (4) the petrosal phases.

Should We Rule out Celiac Disease in Recurrent Headache Disorders? A Review of the Literature.

Recurrent headaches, encompassing migraine and tension-type headaches, represent prevalent conditions affecting individuals across different age groups, exerting a substantial influence on daily functioning and quality of life. Headaches serve as common manifestations of underlying health issues. Among these, celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder activated by gluten consumption, has emerged as a noteworthy concern.

The landscape of cancer-rewired GPCR signaling axes.

We explored the dysregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand systems in cancer transcriptomics datasets to uncover new therapeutics opportunities in oncology. We derived an interaction network of receptors with ligands and their biosynthetic enzymes. Multiple GPCRs are differentially regulated together with their upstream partners across cancer subtypes and are associated to specific transcriptional programs and to patient survival patterns.

Neglected cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical target organ damage in post-menopausal women with normal glucose tolerance.

Background: Menopausal transition is a crucial step in the women's cardiovascular health, and the risk stratification in apparently health post-menopausal females has been rarely assessed. Heart ultrasonography, unusually performed in such subjects, would be able to detect initial signs of organ damage. We described the cardiovascular risk profile of non-diabetic post-menopausal women, evaluating how easily computed, biochemistry-derived scores were related to ultrasonographic measures of target organ damage.

Case Report: Efficacy, safety, and favorable long-term outcome of early treatment with IL-1 inhibitors in a patient with chronic infantile neurological cutaneous articular (CINCA) syndrome caused by NLRP3 mosaicism.

Chronic infantile neurological cutaneous articular (CINCA) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease encompassed in the group of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Patients suffering from CINCA have an elevated risk of developing chronic sequelae, including deforming arthropathy, chronic meningitis, neurodevelopmental delay, and neurosensorial hearing loss. The diagnosis of CINCA presents several difficulties, as the clinical phenotype could be difficult to recognize, and almost half of the patients have negative genetic testing.

Rapid generation of human recombinant monoclonal antibodies from antibody-secreting cells using ferrofluid-based technology.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most important classes of biologics with high therapeutic and diagnostic value, but traditional methods for mAbs generation, such as hybridoma screening and phage display, have limitations, including low efficiency and loss of natural chain pairing. To overcome these challenges, novel single B cell antibody technologies have emerged, but they also have limitations such as differentiation of memory B cells and expensive cell sorters. In this study, we present a rapid and efficient workflow for obtaining human recombinant monoclonal antibodies directly from single antigen-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in the peripheral blood of convalescent COVID-19 patients using ferrofluid technology.

Plastic scintillator-based dosimeters for ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron radiotherapy.

This paper reports the development of dosimeters based on plastic scintillating fibers imaged by a charge-coupled device camera, and their performance evaluation through irradiations with the electron Flash research accelerator located at the Centro Pisano Flash Radiotherapy. The dosimeter prototypes were composed of a piece of plastic scintillating fiber optically coupled to a clear optical fiber which transported the scintillation signal to the readout systems (an imaging system and a photodiode). The following properties were tested: linearity, capability to reconstruct the percentage depth dose curve in solid water and to sample in time the single beam pulse.