Mare's and Cow's Milk Fortified with Flaxseed Oil Through Freeze-Drying Microencapsulation: Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties.

The microencapsulation via freeze drying of flaxseed oil in cow and mare milk was analyzed. The physicochemical and nutritional properties of the four obtained freeze-dried powder products were comparatively analyzed: microencapsulated and fortified with flaxseed oil cow milk (CMFO) and mare milk (MMFO), as well as pure cow milk (CM) and pure mare milk (MM). The moisture content, water activity, particle size distribution (PSD), loose and tapped bulk densities, flowability, color, and fatty acid profiles of the freeze-dried powders as well as the PSD of reconstituted emulsion droplets were investigated.

Effects of Diets Containing Extruded Linseed and Algae on Meat Rabbit: Carcass Performance and Meat Quality.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with extruded linseed (ELS) and algae extract (PP) on rabbit carcass and meat quality. Ninety-six rabbit carcasses from two production cycles were analyzed. In the first cycle (C1), rabbits were fed a control diet (1CNT), the same diet supplemented with 5% ELS (1ELS5%), and supplemented with 3.

Classifying strategies for building community health movements: a guide for implementers.

Background: Enabling community-led health initiatives will contribute to reducing the burdens on the healthcare system. Implementing such initiatives successfully in high and upper-middle income Asian countries is poorly understood and documented. We undertook a Rapid Review, systematically synthesising the evidence to develop implementation guidelines to address this gap.

The cell colony development is connected with the accumulation of embryogenesis-related proteins and dynamic distribution of cell wall components in in vitro cultures of Fagopyrum tataricum and Fagopyrum esculentum.

Background: Due to the totipotency of plant cells, which allows them to reprogram from a differentiated to a dedifferentiated state, plants exhibit a remarkable regenerative capacity, including under in vitro culture conditions. When exposed to plant hormones, primarily auxins and cytokinins, explant cells cultured in vitro can undergo differentiation through callus formation. Protoplast culture serves as a valuable research model for studying these processes in detail.

Machine learning-driven Raman spectroscopy: A novel approach to lipid profiling in diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that increasingly affects people every year. It is known that with its progression and poor management, metabolic changes can lead to organ dysfunctions, including kidneys. The study aimed to combine Raman spectroscopy and biochemical lipid profiling, complemented by machine learning (ML) techniques to evaluate chemical composition changes in kidneys induced by Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Controlling the stability of monodisperse phospholipid-coated microbubbles by tuning their buckling pressure.

Hypothesis: Monodisperse phospholipid-coated microbubbles, with a size and resonance frequency tuned to the ultrasound driving frequency, have strong potential to enhance sensitivity, efficiency, and control in emerging diagnostic and therapeutic applications involving bubbles and ultrasound. A key requirement is that they retain their gas volume and shell material during physiologic pressure changes and withstand the overpressure during intravenous injection. The shell typically comprises a mixture of a phospholipid (e.

Feasibility of implementing viral hepatitis services into a correctional service facility in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are estimated to be of the most prevalent infectious diseases in correctional settings worldwide. However, viral hepatitis services have not been routinely integrated into South African correctional facilities. We aimed to assess prevalence of HBV infection and HCV infection among people accessing HIV services and assess the feasibility of viral hepatitis service integration in a South African correctional centre.

Intellectual inflation: one way for scientific research to degenerate.

This paper aims to analyze a specific way in which a scientific programme or area can, in Lakatosian terms, degenerate: namely, through a developmental process of intellectual inflation. Adopting a pluralist approach to the notion of scientific progress, we propose that the historical development of a particular scientific area can be analyzed as being intellectually inflationary during a bounded period of time if it has considerably increased its productive output (thus demonstrating productive progressive) while the overall semantic or epistemic value of those products have not improved in a significant fashion (thus lacking progress in a semantic or epistemic sense). Then, we apply this concept to thoroughly assess whether there have been some intellectually inflationary patterns in the development of (i) information-theoretical evolutionary biology in 1961-2023, and (ii) ensemblist non-equilibrium statistical mechanics in 1938-2023.

Highly Nucleophilic Pyridinamide Anions in Apolar Organic Solvents due to Asymmetric Ion Pair Association.

Free ions in organic solvents of low polarity would be valuable tools for the activation of low-reactivity substrates. However, the formation of unreactive ion pairs at concentrations relevant for synthesis has prevented the success of this concept so far. On the example of highly nucleophilic pyridinamide phosphonium salts in dichloromethane, we show that asymmetric aggregation offers a solution to this general problem.

Interactions among Zinc, Iron, and Paraquat in the Physiological and Toxicological Responses of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm .

Agricultural pollutants co-interact and affect the vital functions, stress tolerance, resistance, immunity, and survival of insect pests. These metal-herbicide interactions have inevitable but remarkable effects on insects, which remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of the interactions among zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and paraquat (PQ) at a sublethal dose on the physiological response of the Egyptian cotton leafworm .

Fast Hadamard-Encoded 7T Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Brain.

: The increased SNR available at 7T combined with fast readout trajectories enables accelerated spectroscopic imaging acquisitions for clinical applications. In this report, we evaluate the performance of a Hadamard slice encoding strategy with a 2D rosette trajectory for multi-slice fast spectroscopic imaging at 7T. : Moderate-TE (~40 ms) spin echo and J-refocused polarization transfer sequences were acquired with simultaneous Hadamard multi-slice excitations and rosette in-plane encoding.

Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on P3HT Thin Polymer Film.

Bone defects restoration has always been an arduous challenge in the orthopedic field due to the limitations of conventional grafts. Bone tissue engineering offers an alternative approach by using biomimetic materials, stem cells, and growth factors that are able to improve the regeneration of bone tissue. Different biomaterials have attracted great interest in BTE applications, including the poly(3-hexylthiofene) (P3HT) conductive polymer, whose primary advantage is its capability to provide a native extracellular matrix-like environment.

Novel Insights into the Nobilamide Family from a Deep-Sea : Chemical Diversity, Biosynthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Towards Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

With rising concerns about antimicrobial resistance, the identification of new lead compounds to target multidrug-resistant bacteria is essential. This study employed a fast miniaturized screening to simultaneously cultivate and evaluate about 300 marine strains for biosurfactant and antibacterial activities, leading to the selection of the deep-sea BCP32. The integration of tandem mass spectrometry molecular networking and bioassay-guided fractionation unveiled this strain as a prolific factory of surfactins and nobilamides.

Antiviral Activity of the Marine Haptophyta .

There are still several viral infections affecting a considerable number of the world's population, causing thousands of deaths each year. There are no drugs available for most viral infections and for many not even a vaccine. The marine kingdom is characterized by a huge chemical diversity; however, there is currently on the market only one drug derived from the sea with antiviral properties, called Ara-A.

Realization of Intermolecular Interactions as a Basis for Controlling Pervaporation Properties of Membranes Made of Aromatic Polyamide-Imides.

New aromatic co-polyamide-imides (coPAIs) containing both carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the repeating units were synthesized for the first time. Transport, thermal and morphological properties of dense nonporous membranes from PAIs obtained using the diacid chloride of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid and diamines 5,5'-methylene-bis (2-aminophenol)) and 3,5-Diaminobenzoic acid, taken in molar ratios of 7:3, 1:1, and 3:7, have been studied. High levels of membrane permeability accompanied by high selectivity for mixtures of liquids with significantly different polarities were determined by realization of intra- and intermolecular interactions in polymer, which was proved by thermal analyses and hydrodynamic characteristics of coPAIs.

Lipid Rafts in Signalling, Diseases, and Infections: What Can Be Learned from Fluorescence Techniques?

Lipid rafts are dynamic microdomains in the membrane, rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, that are critical for biological processes like cell signalling, membrane trafficking, and protein organization. Their essential role is claimed in both physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections, making them a key area of research. Fluorescence-based approaches, including super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques, enable precise analysis of the organization, dynamics, and interactions of these microdomains, thanks also to the innovative design of appropriate fluorescent probes.

Antiedemic Effect of the Myosin Light Chain Kinase Inhibitor PIK7 in the Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury increases myocardial microvascular permeability, leading to enhanced microvascular filtration and interstitial fluid accumulation that is associated with greater microvascular obstruction and inadequate myocardial perfusion. A burst of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators during reperfusion causes myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-dependent endothelial hyperpermeability, which is considered a preventable cause of reperfusion injury. In the present study, a single intravenous injection of MLCK peptide inhibitor PIK7 (2.

In Vitro Investigation of Novel Peptide Hydrogels for Enamel Remineralization.

This study investigates the microstructure of dental enamel following demineralization and re-mineralization processes, using DIAGNOdent scores and images obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and microhardness (Vickers). The research evaluates the effects of two experimental hydrogels, Anti-Amelogenin isoform X (ABT260, S1) and Anti-Kallikrein L1 (K3014, S2), applied to demineralized enamel surfaces over periods of 14 and 21 days. The study involved 60 extracted teeth, free from cavities or other lesions, divided into four groups: a positive group (+), a negative group (-) and groups S1 and S2.

Growth Propagation of Liquid Spawn on Non-Woven Hemp Mats to Inform Digital Biofabrication of Mycelium-Based Composites.

Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are highly valued for their ability to transform low-value organic materials into sustainable building materials, offering significant potential for decarbonizing the construction sector. The properties of MBCs are influenced by factors such as the mycelium species, substrate materials, fabrication growth parameters, and post-processing. Traditional fabrication methods involve combining grain spawn with loose substrates in a mold to achieve specific single functional properties, such as strength, acoustic absorption, or thermal insulation.

Sulfated and Phosphorylated Agarose as Biomaterials for a Biomimetic Paradigm for FGF-2 Release.

Cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction or limb ischemia are characterized by regression of blood vessels. Local delivery of growth factors (GFs) involved in angiogenesis such as fibroblast blast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been shown to trigger collateral neovasculature and might lead to a therapeutic strategy. In vivo, heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide present in abundance in the extracellular matrix (ECM), has been shown to function as a local reservoir for FGF-2 by binding FGF-2 and other morphogens and it plays a role in the evolution of GF gradients.

Self-Assembly of Particles on a Curved Mesh.

Discrete statistical systems offer a significant advantage over systems defined in the continuum, since they allow for an easier enumeration of microstates. We introduce a lattice-gas model on the vertices of a polyhedron called a pentakis icosidodecahedron and draw its exact phase diagram by the Wang-Landau method. Using different values for the couplings between first-, second-, and third-neighbor particles, we explore various interaction patterns for the model, ranging from softly repulsive to Lennard-Jones-like and SALR.

Five Numerical Methods to Assess the Ischemic Risks in Dental Pulp and Neuro-Vascular Bundle Under Orthodontic Movements in Intact Periodontium In Vitro.

: Dental pulp and its neuro-vascular bundle (NVB) are among the least studied dental tissues. This study identified the best method for evaluating ischemic risks in the dental pulp and NVB of healthy lower premolars under orthodontic forces and in intact periodontium. : Nine 3D models of the second lower premolar were reconstructed based on the CBCT scans from nine patients.

Effect of selected Indonesian plants on Giardia intestinalis in an experimental in vitro model.

Background: This study evaluated in vitro antigiardial activity in four Indonesian plants (Archidendron fagifolium, Diospyros sumatrana, Piper betle and Shorea sumatrana) extracted in methanol, methanol-tetrahydrofuran, and water. These plants exhibiting promising anti-parasitic activity were selected on the basis of collected behavioral data and their ability to decrease parasite load in Sumatran orangutans. Extracts of Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant routinely used as a laboratory model in research, were used as a negative control.

Prognostic significance of peripheral blood biomarkers in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab-a polish multicenter, observational study.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI) showing promising results. However, not all patients benefit from these therapies, emphasizing the need for reliable, easily assessable biomarkers. This multicenter study involved 116 advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI across nine oncology centers in Poland.

A proof-of-concept study for precise mapping of pigmented basal cell carcinoma in asian skin using multispectral optoacoustic tomography imaging with level set segmentation.

Purpose: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), the most common subtype of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), is prevalent worldwide and poses significant challenges due to their increasing incidence and complex treatment considerations. Existing clinical approaches, such as Mohs micrographic surgery, are time-consuming and labour-intensive, requiring meticulous layer-by-layer excision and examination, which can significantly extend the duration of the procedure. Current optical imaging solutions also lack the necessary spatial resolution, penetration depth, and contrast for effective clinical use.