Synthesis, HS releasing properties, antiviral and antioxidant activities and acute cardiac effects of nucleoside 5'-dithioacetates.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with cardioprotective and antiviral effects. In this work, new cysteine-selective nucleoside-HS-donor hybrid molecules were prepared by conjugating nucleoside biomolecules with a thiol-activatable dithioacetyl group. 5'-Dithioacetate derivatives were synthesized from the canonical nucleosides (uridine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and thymidine), and the putative 5'-thio metabolites were also produced from uridine and adenosine.

Trees, terraces and llamas: Resilient watershed management and sustainable agriculture the Inca way.

The Inca and their immediate predecessors provide an exceptional model of how to create high-altitude functional environments that sustainably feed people with a diversity of crops, whilst mitigating erosion, protecting forestry and maintaining soil fertility without the need for large-scale burning. A comparison is provided here of landscape practices and impacts prior to and after the Inca, derived from a unique 4200-year sedimentary record recovered from Laguna Marcacocha, a small, environmentally sensitive lake located at the heart of the Inca Empire. By examining ten selected proxies of environmental change, a rare window is opened on the past, helping to reveal how resilient watershed management and sustainable, climate-smart agriculture were achieved.

Investigation of genes expression of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway and AMPs in the presence of Borrelia spirochetes in Ixodes ricinus.

Multicellular animals need to control the spread of invading pathogens. This is a particular challenge for blood-feeding vectors such as ticks, which ingest large amounts of blood potentially laden with harmful microorganisms. Ticks have a basic innate immune system and protect themselves from infection through innate immune responses involving pathways such as Janus kinase (JAK) or the signalling transducer activator of transcription (STAT).

Biosynthetic pathway for leukotrienes is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and cytokines in pig endometrial stromal cells.

An inflammatory response is related to different inflammatory mediators generated by immune and endometrial cells. The links between lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cytokines, and leukotrienes (LTs) in endometrial stromal cells remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the influence of LPS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 on 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO), LTA4 hydrolase (LTAH) and LTC4 synthase (LTCS) mRNA and protein abundances, and LTB4 and cysteinyl (cys)-LTs release including LTC4, by the cultured pig endometrial stromal cells, as well as on cell viability.

Linking Research Data with Physically Preserved Research Materials in Chemistry.

Results of scientific work in chemistry can usually be obtained in the form of materials and data. A big step towards transparency and reproducibility of the scientific work can be gained if scientists publish their data in research data repositories in a FAIR manner. Nevertheless, in order to make chemistry a sustainable discipline, obtaining FAIR data is insufficient and a comprehensive concept that includes preservation of materials is needed.

Anthropometric but not motor characteristics of young volleyball players were improved after a one-week-long intense training sports camp.

This study aimed to examine potential changes in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of volleyball players aged 17.98 ± 0.51 years after participation in a week-long sports camp.

Effects of cytochalasin D on relaxation process of skinned taenia cecum and carotid artery from guinea pig.

Actin linked regulatory mechanisms are known to contribute contraction/relaxation in smooth muscle. In order to clarify whether modulation of polymerization/depolymerization of actin filaments affects relaxation process, we examined the effects of cytochalasin D on relaxation process by Ca removal after Ca-induced contraction of β-escin skinned (cell membrane permeabilized) taenia cecum and carotid artery preparations from guinea pigs. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, significantly suppressed the force during relaxation both in skinned taenia cecum and carotid artery.

Bioactivity of the ubiquitous tire preservative 6PPD and degradant, 6PPD-quinone in fish and mammalian-based assays.

6PPD-quinone (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone), a transformation product of the antiozonant 6PPD (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) is a likely causative agent of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) pre-spawn mortality. Stormwater runoff transports 6PPD-quinone into freshwater streams, rapidly leading to neurobehavioral, respiratory distress, and rapid mortality in laboratory exposed coho salmon, but causing no mortality in many laboratory-tested species. Given this identified hazard, and potential for environmental exposure, we evaluated a set of U.

Biosynthesis of the Antifungal Polyhydroxy-Polyketide Acrophialocinol.

Bioactivity-guided isolation identified the main antifungal compounds produced by as the new polyhydroxy-polyketides acrophialocinol () and acrophialocin (). Their biosynthesis was elucidated by heterologous reconstitution in and involves an α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase-catalyzed α-hydroxylation, resulting in the formation of a tertiary alcohol that is indispensable for antifungal activity. Furthermore, self-resistance toward the polyhydroxy-polyketides is mediated by a conserved RTA1-like protein encoded in the biosynthetic gene cluster.

Different regimens of preoperative carbohydrate loading on insulin resistance: A network meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: The effectiveness of preoperative carbohydrate loading(PCL) on postoperative insulin resistance(IR) is controversial. In addition, the effect of different doses of carbohydrates on postoperative IR is also controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of PCL on postoperative IR and the optimal regimen for the effect on postoperative IR.

Metabolomic and gene networks approaches reveal the role of mitochondrial membrane proteins in response of human melanoma cells to THz radiation.

Terahertz (THz) radiation has gained attention due to technological advancements, but its biological effects remain unclear. We investigated the impact of 2.3 THz radiation on SK-MEL-28 cells using metabolomic and gene network analysis.

Total proteome and calcium-binding proteins from human breast milk: Exploring the impact of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental factors.

This study integrates proteome analysis of human breast milk (HBM) from a homogeneous group of mothers who are of similar age and live in the same geographical area, along with an analysis of essential and potentially toxic elements in HBM in relation to lifestyle and environmental factors. This preliminary proteomic study, which examined 11 samples of HBM from lactating women, identified a total of 1619 proteins across all samples, revealing significant differences in proteomes influenced by lactation stages, parity, and exposure to tobacco smoke. The pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility of correlating certain proteins with several elements, considered as indicators of tobacco smoke and environmental influences on HBM.

Proton arc therapy plan optimization with energy layer pre-selection driven by organ at risk sparing and delivery time.

Objective: As proton arc therapy (PAT) approaches clinical implementation, optimizing treatment plans for this innovative delivery modality remains challenging, especially in addressing arc delivery time. Existing algorithms for minimizing delivery time are either optimal but computationally demanding or fast but at the expense of sacrificing many degrees of freedom. In this study, we introduce a flexible method for pre-selecting energy layers (EL) in PAT treatment planning before the actual robust spot weight optimization.

Evaluation of TOCSY mixing for sensitivity-enhancement in solid-state NMR and application of 4D experiments for side-chain assignments of the full-length 30 kDa membrane protein GlpG.

Chemical shift assignments of large membrane proteins by solid-state NMR experiments are challenging. Recent advancements in sensitivity-enhanced pulse sequences, have made it feasible to acquire H-detected 4D spectra of these challenging protein samples within reasonable timeframes. However, obtaining unambiguous assignments remains difficult without access to side-chain chemical shifts.

Unlocking a Decade of Research on Embryo-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Discoveries Made and Paths Ahead.

Over the past decade, research on embryo-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has unveiled their critical roles in embryonic development and intercellular communication. EVs secreted by embryos are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles that carry bioactive cargo, including proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNAs, reflecting the physiological state of the source cells. These vesicles facilitate paracrine and autocrine signaling, influencing key processes such as cell differentiation, embryo viability, and endometrial receptivity.

Metabolic shifts in glioblastoma: unraveling altered pathways and exploring novel therapeutic avenues.

Metabolic reprogramming stands out as a defining characteristic of cancer, including glioblastoma (GB), enabling tumor cells to overcome growth and survival challenges in adverse conditions. The dysregulation of metabolic processes in GB is crucial to its pathogenesis, influencing both tumorigenesis and the disease's invasive tendencies. This altered metabolism supplies essential energy substrates for uncontrolled cell proliferation and also creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment, complicating conventional therapies.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Breath Tests to Detect Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection and one of the world's leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. Currently, TB diagnosis can be established via mycobacterial cultures, Acid Fast Bacilli smear and molecular studies. In the ever-evolving landscape of medical advancements, breath tests have shown considerable promise.

A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings.

This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings.

From Pregnancy to Postpartum: The Dynamic Reorganization of the Maternal Brain.

The postpartum period is marked by radical changes in the maternal brain. Seeking to explore the mechanisms that underlie these changes, this article focuses on the relevant hormonal, inflammatory, and behavioral factors. Longitudinal imaging studies have shed valuable light on both short- and long-term alterations in postpartum brain structure and connectivity, particularly in the regions that play key roles in emotion regulation and stress response.

Electroresponsive Thiol-Yne Click-Hydrogels for Insulin Smart Delivery: Tackling Sustained Release and Leakage Control.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by the body's inability to produce or use insulin. Considering the figures projected by the World Health Organization, research on insulin therapy is crucial. Hence, we present a soft biointerface based on a thiol-yne poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) click-hydrogel as an advanced treatment option to administrate insulin.

An Instrument for Evaluating the Self: The Self-Discrepancies Scale in Non-Clinical Participants.

Objective: The Self-Discrepancies Scale (S-DS) is a multiple-subscore instrument designed to assess discrepancies between mental representations of the self: the actual self on one hand, and the ideal and socially prescribed selves on the other. Its idiographic subscores rely on the endorsement of self-descriptive traits, while its abstract subscores form an overall judgement of felt self-discrepancies. The objectives of the present study were to (i) evaluate the S-DS in a new non-clinical population, (ii) expand the body of data on the S-DS's convergent validity, (iii) study the idiographic data for the S-DS, and (iv) establish a nomothetic list of traits with a better choice of unwanted traits.

Understanding recurrent groin pain following periacetabular osteotomy: assessment of psoas tendon mechanics using discrete element analysis.

Recurrent groin pain following periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a challenging problem. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the position and dynamics of the psoas tendon as a potential cause for recurrent groin pain following PAO. A total of 386 PAO procedures, performed between January 2013 and January 2020, were identified from a single surgeon series.

Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment questionnaire specifically tailored for greater trochanteric pain syndrome for the Dutch population.

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by lateral hip and thigh pain. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) questionnaire specifically tailored for GTPS (VISA-G) questionnaire was developed for the purpose of assessing and quantifying the severity of symptoms related to gluteal tendinopathy or GTPS. It is commonly used in research and clinical settings to evaluate the impact of GTPS on patient function and quality of life.

Characterization of Amorphous Ibrutinib Thermal Stability.

The choice of method for drug amorphization depends on various factors, including the physicochemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients, the desired formulation, and scalability requirements. It is often important to consider a combination of methods or the use of excipients to further enhance the stability and performance of the amorphous drug. This study presents a comparison of techniques including melt quench, hot melt extrusion, solvent evaporation, ball milling, and lyophilization used for the preparation of amorphous ibrutinib.