Meeting Cancer Detection Benchmarks in MRI/Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy for Prostate Cancer: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis of Experienced Urologists.

Background: The relationship between case volume and clinical outcomes is well established for most urological procedures but remains underexplored in prostate ultrasound/MRI fusion biopsy (UMFB). UMFB aims to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) by adhering to cancer detection benchmarks for PI-RADS lesions identified via multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). These benchmarks, defined by Ahmed et al.

MicroRNAs Expression Profile in MN1-Altered Astroblastoma.

Background/objectives: Astroblastoma is a rare glial neoplasm more frequent in young female patients, with unclear clinical behaviors and outcomes. The diagnostic molecular alteration is a rearrangement of the Meningioma 1 () gene. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene expression regulators with strong implications in biological processes.

Lidocaine Shows Significant Antimicrobial Effects Against Species: An In-Vitro Study Comparing Different Combinations of Lidocaine and Clinically Used Injectables, like Steroids and Hyaluronan, in the Context of Arthritis Management.

Introduction: Intra-articular injections, commonly used in osteoarthritis treatment, are debated due to their potential link to septic arthritis, though its incidence remains low. Lidocaine, used as a "carrier" for therapeutic substances like hyaluronan or triamcinolone, has pain-relieving and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects of lidocaine in combination with hyaluronan and triamcinolone in both standard and synovial fluid cultures.

Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbots in Analyzing Orthopedic Pathologies: An Experimental Multi-Observer Analysis.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is impacting the medical sector by offering new possibilities for faster and more accurate diagnoses. Symptom checker apps show potential for supporting patient decision-making in this regard. Whether the AI-based decision-making of symptom checker apps shows better performance in diagnostic accuracy and urgency assessment compared to physicians remains unclear.

Comments and Illustrations of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine Guidelines: Benign Pleura Lesions (Benign Pleura Thickening, Lesions and Masses)-What Can Be Seen on Transthoracic Ultrasound?

Pleural thickening can be the result of inflammation or infection but can also have a neoplastic origin. Depending on the clinical context, a pleural lesion or mass is often initially suspected of malignancy. Benign pleural tumors are rare, and their appearance on ultrasound (US) is also described less frequently than pleural metastases or malignancies.

Erroneous Classification and Coding as a Limitation for Big Data Analyses: Causes and Impacts Illustrated by the Diagnosis of Clavicle Injuries.

: Clavicle injuries are common and seem to be frequently subject to diagnostic misclassification. The accurate identification of clavicle fractures is essential, particularly for registry and Big Data analyses. This study aims to assess the frequency of diagnostic errors in clavicle injury classifications.

Prediction of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-negative breast cancer patients with routine immunohistochemical markers.

Background: Pathological complete response (pCR) is an established surrogate marker for prognosis in patients with breast cancer (BC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Individualized pCR prediction based on clinical information available at biopsy, particularly immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, may help identify patients who could benefit from preoperative chemotherapy.

Methods: Data from patients with HER2-negative BC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2002 to 2020 (n = 1166) were used to develop multivariable prediction models to estimate the probability of pCR (pCR-prob).

Single, double, and triple-hit strategies to establish a long-term premature rabbit model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung condition of premature neonates, yet without an established pharmacological treatment. The BPD rabbit model exposed to 95% oxygen has been used in recent years for drug testing. However, the toxicity of the strong hyperoxic hit precludes a longer-term follow-up due to high mortality after the first week of life.

Revealing catalyst restructuring and composition during nitrate electroreduction through correlated operando microscopy and spectroscopy.

Electrocatalysts alter their structure and composition during reaction, which can in turn create new active/selective phases. Identifying these changes is crucial for determining how morphology controls catalytic properties but the mechanisms by which operating conditions shape the catalyst's working state are not yet fully understood. In this study, we show using correlated operando microscopy and spectroscopy that as well-defined CuO cubes evolve under electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction conditions, distinct catalyst motifs are formed depending on the applied potential and the chemical environment.

Defining Hyperphagia for Improved Diagnosis and Management of MC4R Pathway-Associated Disease: A Roundtable Summary.

Purpose Of Review: Hyperphagia is a condition associated with rare obesity-related diseases, presenting as a pathologic, insatiable hunger accompanied by abnormal food-seeking behaviors. In October 2023, a group of researchers and clinicians with expert knowledge on hyperphagia convened at the annual ObesityWeek meeting to discuss the need for a unified definition of hyperphagia and key items necessary to improve the identification, assessment, and treatment of hyperphagia in patients with melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) pathway-associated diseases.

Recent Findings: The definition of hyperphagia proposed by this group is a pathologic, insatiable hunger accompanied by abnormal food-seeking behaviors.

Cryo-EM structure of the NDH-PSI-LHCI supercomplex from Spinacia oleracea.

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dehydrogenase (NDH) complex is crucial for photosynthetic cyclic electron flow and respiration, transferring electrons from ferredoxin to plastoquinone while transporting H across the chloroplast membrane. This process boosts adenosine triphosphate production, regardless of NADPH levels. In flowering plants, NDH forms a supercomplex with photosystem I, enhancing its stability under high light.

Diurnal timing of physical activity in relation to obesity and diabetes in the German National Cohort (NAKO).

Background: Physical activity supports weight regulation and metabolic health, but its timing in relation to obesity and diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to assess the diurnal timing of physical activity and its association with obesity and diabetes.

Methods: We cross-sectionally analyzed hip-worn accelerometry data from 61,116 participants aged 20-75 in the German National Cohort between 2015 and 2019.

Integrative proteogenomic analysis identifies COL6A3-derived endotrophin as a mediator of the effect of obesity on coronary artery disease.

Obesity strongly increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, yet the underlying mediators of this relationship are not fully understood. Given that obesity strongly influences circulating protein levels, we investigated proteins mediating the effects of obesity on coronary artery disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. By integrating two-step proteome-wide Mendelian randomization, colocalization, epigenomics and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified five mediators and prioritized collagen type VI α3 (COL6A3).

In-situ probing of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction on Co single crystal surfaces up to 1 bar.

The surface chemistry of the Fischer-Tropsch catalytic reaction over Co has still several unknows. Here, we report an in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of Co and Co( ), and in-situ high energy surface X-ray diffraction of Co during the Fischer-Tropsch reaction at 0.15 bar - 1 bar and 406 K - 548 K in a H/CO gas mixture.

The transgenic MutaMouse hepatocyte mutation assay in vitro: Mutagenicity and mutation spectra of six substances with different mutagenic mechanisms.

Mutagenicity testing is a component of the hazard assessment of industrial chemicals, biocides, and pesticides. Mutations induced by test substances can be detected by in vitro and in vivo methods that have been adopted as OECD Test Guidelines. One of these in vivo methods is the Transgenic Rodent Assay (TGRA), OECD test guideline no.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Molecular allergy diagnosis enabling personalized medicine.

Allergic patients are characterized by complex and patient-specific IgE sensitization profiles to various allergens, which are accompanied by different phenotypes of allergic disease. Molecular allergy (MA) diagnosis establishes the patient's IgE reactivity profile at a molecular allergen level and has moved allergology into the "Precision Medicine" era. Molecular allergology started in the late 1980s with the isolation of the first allergen-encoding DNA sequences.

[The burnout dimension emotional exhaustion and impairment of work participation: A prospective study of 2308 employees subject to social security contributions in Germany].

The present study examines the relationship between the burnout dimension emotional exhaustion and subsequent events of work nonparticipation (long-term sickness absence, unemployment, early retirement) and their duration.The data basis was the Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA); a follow-up study based on a random sample of n=4511 employees subject to social security contributions aged 31-60 years at baseline and their follow-up after 5 years (n=2460). Burnout symptoms were measured at the time of the baseline survey by means of a questionnaire, while the employment and sickness absence history was recorded at follow-up by means of an interview.

The effects of volunteering on loneliness among lonely older adults: the HEAL-HOA dual randomised controlled trial.

Background: Previous randomised controlled trials have largely relied on self-reported volunteer work to assess the effects of volunteering and have rarely provided structured volunteering activities during the intervention period. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of social volunteering work over 12 months on loneliness among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A dual randomised controlled trial was done in Hong Kong to investigate the long-term effects of telephone-delivered psychosocial interventions by older Chinese volunteers who were screened as lonely, for older adult recipients who had low income, lived alone, felt lonely, and were digitally excluded.

Recommendations to address the shortfalls of the EAT-Lancet planetary health diet from a plant-forward perspective.

Shifting to dietary patterns rich in plants and low in animal-source foods could substantially lower emissions from the food sector while reducing the global burden of non-communicable diseases. The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed the planetary health diet (PHD) to emphasise plant-forward diets and set global targets to guide an urgently needed food-system transformation. However, the PHD's meat-reduction approach has attracted criticism and prompted debate on the potential micronutrient shortfalls of the plant-forward dietary approach.

Comparison of statistical evaluation approaches for log-removal validation according to European water reuse regulations.

In 2020, the European Union published ordinance EU 2020/741, establishing minimum requirements for water reuse in agriculture. The ordinance differentiates between several water quality classes. For the highest water quality class (Class A), the ordinance mandates analytical validation of the treatment performance of new water reuse treatment plants (WRTP) related to the removal of microbial indicators for viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens.

The role of non-respiratory arousals in residual daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with positive airway pressure: An analysis of the European Sleep Apnea Database registry.

Study Objectives: To assess the impact of the non-respiratory arousal burden at baseline polysomnography (PSG) on residual daytime sleepiness in positive airway pressure (PAP)-treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: We included OSA patients from the European Sleep Apnea Database registry with available arousal data who had at least 2 treatment follow-up visits. The primary outcome was the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score under PAP.

Therapeutic yield of comprehensive inpatient treatment for patients with intellectual disability and epilepsy - A prospective observational study.

Introduction: In people with intellectual disability (ID), prevalence of epilepsy can be over 40-times higher than in normally intelligent people, impacting quality of life (QoL) of those affected. Patients with ID are often excluded from clinical trials, resulting in limited evidence regarding treatment. This study aimed to evaluate effects of a comprehensive inpatient treatment program on seizure outcome and QoL and to identify predictive factors for improvement in these measures.