Automatic Segmentation of Vestibular Schwannoma From MRI Using Two Cascaded Deep Learning Networks.

Objective: Automatic segmentation and detection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) in MRI by deep learning is an upcoming topic. However, deep learning faces generalization challenges due to tumor variability even though measurements and segmentation of VS are essential for growth monitoring and treatment planning. Therefore, we introduce a novel model combining two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models for the detection of VS by deep learning aiming to improve performance of automatic segmentation.

Overlooked and underserved: how healthcare fails men in the pursuit of equity.

Purpose Of Review: Men face distinctive health-related challenges as a result of biological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors. In addition, the modern healthcare system does not offer men equal opportunities and options to ensure sex-specific access and delivery to health services. Men's health concerns are, indeed, often not addressed or even forgotten.

The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between health literacy, health status and psychological well-being among German trainees and students in nursing.

Introduction: Health literacy is considered a determinant of several health-related behaviors and outcomes. Health literacy can be seen as a particularly relevant resource for health maintenance and promotion for young adults at the beginning of their challenging vocational training in nursing. However, the underlying mechanisms and the roles of other influencing factors such as self-efficacy remain unclear and need to be understood to successfully tailor interventions.

Feeling good, approaching the positive.

Introduction: Approach and avoidance behaviors have been extensively studied in cognitive science as a fundamental aspect of human motivation and decision-making. The Approach-Avoidance Bias (AAB) refers to the tendency to approach positive stimuli faster than negative stimuli and to avoid negative stimuli faster than positive ones. Affect and arousal in involved individuals are assumed to play a crucial role in the AAB but many questions in that regard remain open.

[The potential of telemedicine applications to achieve universal health service coverage using the example of teledermatology].

Background: Telemedicine applications are perceived as having great potential to address regional health service deficits. However, it is unclear to what extent telemedicine can actually contribute to ensuring care in medically underserved regions. The aim of this study is to prospectively identify underserved regions and to investigate the potential of telemedicine applications using teledermatology as an example.

Panoramic Radiographic Analysis of Age- and Sex-related Variations in Upper Mandibular Morphology: Focus on the Condyle, Sigmoid Notch, and Coronoid Process.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate age- and sex-related morphological variations of the mandibular condyle, sigmoid notch, and coronoid process in a mid-sized German population using panoramic radiographs.

Patients And Methods: A total of 150 participants (89 males, 61 females) aged between 18 and 80 years were included. Participants were divided by age and sex.

Professional-patient discrepancies in assessing lung cancer radiotherapy symptoms: An international multicentre study.

Background And Purpose: We investigate discrepancies in the assessment of treatment-related symptoms in lung cancer between healthcare professionals and patients, and factors contributing to these discrepancies.

Materials And Methods: Data from 515 participants in the REQUITE study were analysed. Five symptoms (cough, dyspnoea, bronchopulmonary haemorrhage, chest wall pain, dysphagia) were evaluated both before and after radiotherapy.

Computational Methods for Data Integration and Imputation of Missing Values in Omics Datasets.

Molecular profiling of different omic-modalities (e.g., DNA methylomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) in biological systems represents the basis for research and clinical decision-making.

Spatial proteomics reveals sirtuin 1 to be a determinant of T-cell infiltration in human melanoma.

Background: The tumour microenvironment significantly influences the clinical response of patients to therapeutic immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), but a comprehensive understanding of the underlying immune-regulatory proteome is still lacking.

Objectives: To decipher targetable biologic processes that determine tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TiLs) as a cellular equivalent of clinical response to ICI.

Methods: We mapped the spatial distribution of proteins in TiL-enriched vs.

Economic evaluation of critically ill adult CAR-T cell recipients-analysis from a healthcare payer perspective.

Background: CAR-T cell (chimeric antigen receptor T) therapy is now part of standard of care treatment of B‑cell lineage malignancies. Although it is an effective treatment, it comes along with adverse side effects and toxicities that may require intensive care therapy. The costs related to critical care therapy in critically ill patients after CAR‑T administration have not been evaluated.

Dietary changes following a lifestyle-based intervention for dementia risk reduction - results from the AgeWell.de study.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of a multidomain lifestyle intervention conducted in older adults at increased risk for dementia on participants' diet.

Methods: Secondary analyses of the cluster-randomized AgeWell.de-trial, testing a multidomain intervention (optimization of nutrition and medication, enhancement of physical, social and cognitive activity) in older adults at increased dementia risk.

[Accident pension after fracture of the pelvic ring and acetabulum : Changes in pension claims and costs following isolated fractures of the pelvic ring and acetabulum in work-related accidents from 2013 to 2019-A DGUV registry analysis].

Background: It is known that fractures of the pelvic ring and acetabulum in work-related accidents are associated with long periods of incapacity to work, a high rate of reduction in earning capacity (MdE) and high costs for pension/severance pay.

Objective: Investigation of changes in pension claims and costs from 2013 to 2019 after isolated fractures of the pelvic ring and acetabulum in work-related accidents in Germany.

Material And Methods: For all patients from the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV) registry with isolated fractures of the pelvic ring or acetabulum in work-related accidents, linear trend analyses were carried out among others for the proportion of MdE ≥20%, the proportion of cases receiving pension/severance pay and total costs for pension/severance pay from 2013 to 2019.

Frailty prevalence, invasive treatment frequency, and in-hospital outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome in Germany (2005-2022): a nationwide registry study.

Background: Frailty is a significant predictor for adverse outcomes. Yet, data on prevalence and treatment of frail patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains limited. We aimed to investigate frailty prevalence, interventional treatment frequency, and in-hospital outcome for all patients hospitalized for ACS in Germany from 2005 to 2022 and validate the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) in this population.

elimination of antimicrobials during ADVanced Organ Support hemodialysis.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy is common in critically ill patients. The ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system is a novel hemodialysis machine that uses albumin enriched dialysate which allows the removal of protein-bound toxins and drugs. To date, data on antimicrobial removal under ADVOS has not yet been reported.

Frequency, characteristics, and immunological accompaniments of ataxia in anti-NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis.

Introduction: Very rarely, adult NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis (NMDAR-E) leads to persistent cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Transient cerebellar ataxia is common in pediatric NMDAR-E. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxia may be associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), kelch-like family member 11 (KLHL11), and glutamate kainate receptor subunit 2 (GluK2) antibodies, all of which may co-occur in NMDAR-E.

Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction.

Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

Investigating associations between the physical living environment and hippocampus in adulthood and older age.

It is by now well known that the physical living environment has a major impact on people's life, but the neural structures involved in this relationship remain to be explored. Most studies investigating this relationship only focus on single environmental predictors. In order to understand how the multitude of factors constituting the living environment relate to brain structure we used data from the UK Biobank (n = 21,094; age Mean = 63.

Efficacy and working mechanisms of a Go/No-Go task-based inhibition training in smoking: A randomized-controlled trial.

Objective: Deficits in inhibitory control contribute to smoking behavior. Inhibitory control training (ICT), which involves repeatedly inhibiting responses to general or substance-related stimuli, shows promise in reducing problematic substance use. This preregistered randomized-controlled trial is the first to investigate the efficacy of general and smoking-specific Go/No-Go task-based ICT on smoking behavior compared to control groups receiving no ICT.

Long-Term Self-Administered Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy in the Treatment of Tuberculosis.

Objectives: To investigate the safety profiles and clinical outcomes in a continuous cohort of tuberculosis (TB) patients from a clinical referral centre in Germany receiving self-administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (sOPAT).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients receiving sOPAT after discharge from the Research Center Borstel in Germany between January 2015 and December 2020. Data were extracted from medical records.

Within-subject reliability, occasion specificity, and validity of fluctuations of the Stroop and go/no-go tasks in ecological momentary assessment.

Following the (revised) latent state-trait theory, the present study investigates the within-subject reliability, occasion specificity, common consistency, and construct validity of cognitive control measures in an intensive longitudinal design. These indices were calculated applying dynamic structural equation modeling while accounting for autoregressive effects and trait change. In two studies, participants completed two cognitive control tasks (Stroop and go/no-go) and answered questions about goal pursuit, self-control, executive functions, and situational aspects, multiple times per day.

Deconstructing delay discounting in human cocaine addiction using computational modelling and neuroimaging.

Background: A preference for sooner-smaller over later-larger rewards, known as delay discounting, is a candidate transdiagnostic marker of waiting impulsivity and a research domain criterion. While abnormal discounting rates have been associated with many psychiatric diagnoses and abnormal brain structure, the underlying neuropsychological processes remain largely unknown. Here, we deconstruct delay discounting into choice and rate processes by testing different computational models and investigate their associations with white matter tracts.