Multi-scale inferomedial femoral neck bone quality in type 2 diabetes patients with fragility fracture.

Both trabecular and cortical bone undergo changes at multiple scales. We previously demonstrated the multi-scale changes in trabecular bone quality that contribute to bone fragility in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The link between increased fragility in T2D and multi-scale changes in cortical bone and their interaction with glycation remains unclear.

Transferable automatic hematological cell classification: Overcoming data limitations with self-supervised learning.

Background And Objective: Classification of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells is critical in the diagnosis and monitoring of hematological disorders. The development of robust and reliable automatic classification systems is hampered by data scarcity and limited model generalizability across laboratories. The present study proposes the integration of self-supervised learning (SSL) into cell classification pipelines to address these challenges.

A dataset profiling the multiomic landscape of the prefrontal cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease, which still lacks effective disease-modifying therapies. Similar to other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, ALS pathology is presumed to propagate over time, originating from the motor cortex and spreading to other cortical regions. Exploring early disease stages is crucial to understand the causative molecular changes underlying the pathology.

Perturbation therapies for neurodegenerative disorders: How attractors of excitable networks can help.

We investigate the influence of the network topology on the asymptotic dynamical patterns, attractors, in a general model of excitable dynamics on signed directed graphs. In this framework, network topology manifests itself as an interplay of positive and negative feedback loops. A small change in a feedback loop, by addition or removal of edges in the graph, can drastically change the dynamical patterns in the network, characterized by the appearance and disappearance of attractors from the attractor space of the network.

Motivators and barriers for smoking cessation in people with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study to inform the design of a tailored intervention.

Background: Tobacco smoking is a relevant determinant of multiple sclerosis (MS) onset, and smokers have increased risk for faster progression of MS compared to non-smokers. While the smoking prevalence is high in Germany, no smoking cessation programs have been developed specifically in MS populations to date, and only little is known about the motivators and barriers influencing smoking cessation in people with MS (pwMS) in Germany. This study aims to identify these factors to inform the design of a tailored smoking cessation intervention.

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with haematological diseases: a retrospective multicentre study.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in patients with haematological diseases. It seeks to analyse the relevance of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of RSV infections.

Methods: A multi-centre, retrospective study was conducted across University Hospitals in Cologne, Düsseldorf, Bonn, and the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf between Jan 2016 and Aug 2023.

Predictors of quality of life and resilience in patients with ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the psychosocial burdens of patients with ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Ovarian cancer patients answered a quantitative survey assessing their resilience (BRS) and quality of life (FACT-G7) as well as clinical (first- vs. ≥ second-line treatment), demographic (age < 65 vs.

Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning-Results from the German national cohort (NAKO).

Aim was to investigate to what extent cognitive functioning differs by three socioeconomic conditions: low income, being without employment, and living alone. A total of N = 158,144 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) provided data on socioeconomic conditions and completed cognitive tests. Multivariable confounder-adjusted regression analyses indicated that cognitive functioning was lower in those with low income (b = -0.

Three Decades of Adolescent Health: Unveiling Global Trends Across 41 Countries in Psychological and Somatic Complaints (1994-2022).

Objectives: This study examined (non-)monotonic time trends in psychological and somatic complaints among adolescents, along with gender differences.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data from 1994 to 2022 covering 15-year-old adolescents from 41 countries (N = 470,797) were analysed. Three polynomial logistic regression models (linear, quadratic, cubic) were tested for best fit, including separate analyses by gender and health complaints dimension.

Identification and development of TRPM4 antagonists to counteract neuronal excitotoxicity.

Neurodegeneration in central nervous system disorders is linked to dysregulated neuronal calcium. Direct inhibition of glutamate-induced neuronal calcium influx, particularly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), has led to adverse effects and clinical trial failures. A more feasible approach is to modulate NMDAR activity or calcium signaling indirectly.

How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Emergency Dental Trauma Settings in Permanent Dentition? A Retrospective Study.

: The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the patterns, distribution, and circumstances of dental trauma (DT) cases at a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center. This retrospective analysis compared DT cases from the PreCovid (PC) period (February 2019-January 2020) with those from the IntraCovid (IC) period (February 2020-January 2021). It included an examination of baseline characteristics, types of DT, circumstances leading to DT, and the treatment approaches applied.

Nutrition Knowledge and Food Literacy Among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis-Development and Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Background/objectives: Persons with MS (pwMSs) are often confronted with contradictory dietary advice, which is not always based on sound scientific evidence. This may lead to poor MS-specific nutrition knowledge (MSNK) and food literacy (MSFL). To date, no studies have assessed MSNK and MSFL among pwMSs.

Characterization of Epithelial-Mesenchymal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation States in Pancreatic and Small Cell Ovarian Tumor Cells and Their Modulation by TGF-β1 and BMP-7.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an extremely poor prognosis, due in part to early invasion and metastasis, which in turn involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the cancer cells. Prompted by the discovery that two PDAC cell lines of the quasi-mesenchymal subtype (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2) exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), we asked whether NED is associated with EMT. Using real-time PCR and immunoblotting, we initially verified endogenous expressions of various NED markers, i.

Optimizing Endoscopic Respiratory Diagnostics with Cytology: An Update on Touch Imprints with a Comparative Literature Review.

Major diagnostic and therapeutic changes led to the implementation of the 'lung cancer diagnosis in small biopsies and cytology specimens' concept in the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart in 2015. Touch imprints are an established technique in cytology that provides a rapid and minimally invasive method for morphological diagnoses of clinical specimens, accurate subtyping, and molecular characterizations of malignancies. The extended diagnostic requirements from the increasingly limited material provided by minimally invasive biopsy techniques pose major challenges for pathology.

Nutritional Gender-Specific Differences in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with (Chemo)Radiotherapy: Results from a Prospective Trial.

: This analysis aims to evaluate gender-specific differences in nutritional status, body weight changes, and their impact on overall survival (OS) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy (CRT). : Between 2018 and 2020, 61 HNC (17 female and 44 male) patients were prospectively recruited to receive curative (chemo)radiotherapy. Nutritional assessments included dietary questionnaire screenings and records, anthropometric methods (body mass index, BMI, body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)), and the determination of biomarkers like albumin and CRP.

Recent Developments in Surgical Treatment of Spinal Deformity in Pediatric Patients: Experience from a Single-Center Series of 42 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients.

Background: The management of spinal deformities in patients with NF-1 is challenging. The study aimed to assess the outcomes of the surgical treatment of spine deformities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 with our treatment approach.

Methods: A retrospective single-center study on pediatric patients with spinal deformities associated with NF-1 who received surgical treatment between 2006 and 2024.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors.

Background/objectives: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell-surface glycoprotein serving as a drug target, diagnostic marker, and serum marker for cancer monitoring. However, prevalence data on CEA expression in cancer tissues vary considerably. This study was designed to determine CEA expression in normal and neoplastic tissues.

Differentiation of Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract Using Optical Metabolic Imaging.

Objectives: With over 184,000 new cases and more than 99,000 deaths per year, malignancies of the larynx are a global health problem. Currently, a dedicated screening method enabling a direct onsite diagnosis is missing. This can lead to delayed diagnosis and worse outcomes of the patients.

The impact of COVID-19 on health service utilization in sub-Saharan Africa-a scoping review.

Background: Despite comparatively low rates of COVID-19 admissions and recorded deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the pandemic still had significant impact on health service utilization (HSU). The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize the available evidence of HSU in SSA during the pandemic, focusing on types of studies, changes in HSU compared with the pre-pandemic period, and changes among specific patient groups.

Methods: The scoping review was guided by the methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O'Malley.

Psychometric properties of the parent-rated assessment scale of positive and negative parenting behavior (FPNE) in a German sample of school-aged children.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a parent-rated parenting assessment scale including positive and negative dimensions of parenting. Factorial validity, reliability, measurement invariance, latent mean differences and construct validity of the Assessment Scale of Positive and Negative Parenting Behavior (FPNE) were tested in a pooled sample of five studies of 1,879 school-aged children (6.00 to 12.

[Surgery of premature infants-Perspectives and limitations].

The continuous improvement in the quality of modern perinatology, sociodemographic changes and the increasing spread of reproductive medicine have resulted in an increasing number of premature infants to be treated. The treatment of preterm infants (< 37th week of pregnancy) and especially extremely premature infants (< 28th week of pregnancy) is challenging due to immature organ development, which differs considerably from that of other age groups. While the fate of premature infants and especially extremely premature infants was unfavorable 100 years ago, the survival of premature infants > 1000 g has now shifted to survival in over 80% of cases [30].

Foxp3 + Treg-derived IL-10 promotes colorectal cancer-derived lung metastasis.

The lung is one of the most frequently metastasized organs from various cancer entities, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). The occurrence of lung metastasis correlates with worse prognosis in CRC patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-10 in lung metastasis development and identify the cellular source and target cells of IL-10 during lung metastatic establishment.

Adenoma Detection Rates by Physicians and Subsequent Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Importance: Patients of physicians with higher adenoma detection rates (ADRs) during colonoscopy have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk after screening colonoscopy (ie, postcolonoscopy CRC). Among physicians with an ADR above the recommended threshold, it is unknown whether improving ADR is associated with a lower incidence of CRC in their patients.

Objective: To determine the association of improved ADR in physicians with a range of ADR values at baseline with CRC incidence among their patients.