Transforming literature screening: The emerging role of large language models in systematic reviews.

Systematic reviews (SR) synthesize evidence-based medical literature, but they involve labor-intensive manual article screening. Large language models (LLMs) can select relevant literature, but their quality and efficacy are still being determined compared to humans. We evaluated the overlap between title- and abstract-based selected articles of 18 different LLMs and human-selected articles for three SR.

Association of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity with a high genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: Overlapping genes are involved with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and DNA repair pathways. Therefore, we hypothesised that patients with a high polygenic risk score (PRS) for RA will have an increased risk of radiotherapy (RT) toxicity given the involvement of DNA repair.

Methods: Primary analysis was performed on 1494 prostate cancer, 483 lung cancer and 1820 breast cancer patients assessed for development of RT toxicity in the REQUITE study.

Cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention against cognitive decline.

Introduction: The societal costs of dementia and cognitive decline are substantial and likely to increase during the next decades due to the increasing number of people in older age groups. The aim of this multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a multi-domain intervention to prevent cognitive decline in older people who are at risk for dementia.

Methods: We used data from a multi-centric, two-armed, cluster-randomized controlled trial ( trial, ID: DRKS00013555).

Patient-reported outcomes following ciltacabtagene autoleucel or standard of care in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4): results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: In CARTITUDE-4, ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) significantly improved progression-free survival (primary endpoint; previously reported) versus standard of care in patients with relapsed, lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. We report here patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: In the ongoing, phase 3, open-label CARTITUDE-4 study, patients were recruited from 81 sites in the USA, Europe, Asia, and Australia, and were randomly assigned 1:1 to cilta-cel (target, 0·75 × 10 CAR-T cells/kg) or standard of care (daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone; pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone).

The sarcoma ring trial: a case-based analysis of inter-center agreement across 21 German-speaking sarcoma centers.

Purpose: The management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) at reference centers with specialized multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) improves patient survival. The German Cancer Society (DKG) certifies sarcoma centers in German-speaking countries, promoting high standards of care. This study investigated the variability in treatment recommendations for localized STS across different German-speaking tertiary sarcoma centers.

Transthoracic Echocardiography for Central Venous Catheter Tip Positioning in Children: An Observational Study Using Transesophageal Echocardiography as Reference Method.

Background: Children who need to have major surgery or are critically ill often require the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC). To avoid serious complications, it is important to correctly position the CVC tip at the junction of the distal superior vena cava and the right atrium (cavoatrial junction). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be used to confirm the correct position of the CVC tip.

Impact of number of passes and futile reperfusion in basilar artery occlusion acute ischaemic stroke.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. A vital modifiable factor is successful reperfusion. While multiple passes improve the rates of successful reperfusion, previous studies have reported progressively diminishing returns.

Comprehensive genomic characterization of early-stage bladder cancer.

Understanding the molecular landscape of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is essential to improve risk assessment and treatment regimens. We performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of patients with NMIBC using whole-exome sequencing (n = 438), shallow whole-genome sequencing (n = 362) and total RNA sequencing (n = 414). A large genomic variation within NMIBC was observed and correlated with different molecular subtypes.

Circulating tumor cell plasticity determines breast cancer therapy resistance via neuregulin 1-HER3 signaling.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) drive metastasis, the leading cause of death in individuals with breast cancer. Due to their low abundance in the circulation, robust CTC expansion protocols are urgently needed to effectively study disease progression and therapy responses. Here we present the establishment of long-term CTC-derived organoids from female individuals with metastatic breast cancer.

Synaptoneurolipidomics: lipidomics in the study of synaptic function.

The brain is an exceptionally lipid-rich organ with a very complex lipid composition. Lipids are central in several neuronal processes, including membrane formation and fusion, myelin packing, and lipid-mediated signal transmission. Lipid diversity is associated with the evolution of higher cognitive abilities in primates, is affected by neuronal activity, and is instrumental for synaptic plasticity, illustrating that lipids are not static components of synaptic membranes.

Immunoadsorption is equally effective as plasma exchange in paediatric neuroimmunological disorders - A retrospective multicentre study.

Background: Therapeutic apheresis (TA) are promising treatment option for neuroimmunological disorders. In paediatrics, the available data is limited, particularly for the use of IA. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of PE and IA in children and adolescents, with emphasis on outcome and neurological course after treatment as well as the safety of the two modalities.

Cancer neuroscience and glioma: clinical implications.

In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that tumor growth relies not only on support from the surrounding microenvironment but also on the tumors capacity to adapt to - and actively manipulate - its niche. While targeting angiogenesis and modulating the local immune environment have been explored as therapeutic approaches, these strategies have yet to yield effective treatments for brain tumors and remain under refinement. More recently, the nervous system itself has been explored as a critical environmental support for cancer, with extensive neuro-tumoral interactions observed both intracranially and in extracranial sites containing neural components.

Cryptosporidiosis as an opportunistic infection in colorectal cancer patients.

Cryptosporidium spp. is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigates the prevalence and clinical significance of Cryptosporidium spp.

Effects of sex on imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke with unknown onset time: a pooled analysis of clinical trials.

Introduction: The effects of imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis on outcomes based on patient sex remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether outcomes among patients with stroke with an unknown onset time and treated with imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis are influenced by their sex.

Patients And Methods: This study was a pooled analysis of individual patient-level data acquired from the Evaluation of unknown Onset Stroke thrombolysis trials.

MVA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates encoding different spike protein conformations induce distinct early transcriptional responses which may impact subsequent adaptive immunity.

Introduction: Vaccine platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA can accelerate vaccine development in response to newly emerging pathogens, as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the differential effects of platform and antigen insert on vaccine immunogenicity remain incompletely understood. Innate immune responses induced by viral vector vaccines are suggested to have an adjuvant effect for subsequent adaptive immunity.

Deep Learning-Based SD-OCT Layer Segmentation Quantifies Outer Retina Changes in Patients With Biallelic RPE65 Mutations Undergoing Gene Therapy.

Purpose: To quantify outer retina structural changes and define novel biomarkers of inherited retinal degeneration associated with biallelic mutations in RPE65 (RPE65-IRD) in patients before and after subretinal gene augmentation therapy with voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna).

Methods: Application of advanced deep learning for automated retinal layer segmentation, specifically tailored for RPE65-IRD. Quantification of five novel biomarkers for the ellipsoid zone (EZ): thickness, granularity, reflectivity, and intensity.

Outcomes and Impact of Device Iterations in Mitral Valve Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: The REPAIR Study.

Background: The PASCAL P10 system for mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair has undergone iterations, including introduction of the narrower Ace implant and the Precision delivery system.

Objectives: The study sought to evaluate outcomes and the impact of PASCAL mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair device iterations.

Methods: The REPAIR (REgistry of PAscal for mltral Regurgitation) study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter registry including consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) treated from 2019 to 2024.

Cardiac fibroblast BAG3 regulates TGFBR2 signaling and fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Loss of Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). BAG3 regulates sarcomere protein turnover in cardiomyocytes; however, the function of BAG3 in other cardiac cell types is understudied. In this study, we used an isogenic pair of BAG3-knockout and wild-type human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to interrogate the role of BAG3 in hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts (CFs).

Automatic Segmentation of Vestibular Schwannoma From MRI Using Two Cascaded Deep Learning Networks.

Objective: Automatic segmentation and detection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) in MRI by deep learning is an upcoming topic. However, deep learning faces generalization challenges due to tumor variability even though measurements and segmentation of VS are essential for growth monitoring and treatment planning. Therefore, we introduce a novel model combining two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models for the detection of VS by deep learning aiming to improve performance of automatic segmentation.