Complexity in the interpretation and application of multiple guidelines for thyroid nodules: the need for coordinated recommendations for "small" lesions.

Multiple guidelines for thyroid nodule management have been developed by endocrinologists, often in collaboration with surgeons and radiologists. While there is now a lot of scientific information available to meet the needs of healthcare providers, there is not always uniformity and standardization among recommendations. Consequently, the interpretation and application of guidelines in clinical practice remain somewhat limited.

Release velocity ImprovemenT with a new Metronome guIding chest COmpressions: The RITMICO simulation study.

Background And Trial Design: Outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest vary significantly, often due to the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provided. Automated real-time feedback devices have been explored to enhance CPR skills, but few devices currently ensure proper chest recoil. This study aimed to assess whether a double-click metronome could improve chest compressions (CC) metrics and particularly CC release velocity (CCRV) during CPR manikin simulation.

Different Approaches to Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure Patients: Temporal Trends and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has been proven beneficial in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). On top of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), additional ablation strategies such as empirical lines/posterior box/low voltage ablation (PVI+L/LVA) are often used. Whether PVI+L/LVA provides additional benefits in this population has never been systematically investigated.

Sex-related changes in lactate dehydrogenase A expression differently impact the immune response in melanoma.

Melanoma is more aggressive in male patients than female ones and this is associated with sexual dimorphism in immune responses. Taking into consideration the impact tumour metabolic alterations in affecting the immune landscape, we aimed to investigate the effect of the sex-dependent metabolic profile of melanoma in re-shaping immune composition. Melanoma is characterised by Warburg metabolism, and secreted lactate has emerged as a key driver in the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment.

Probabilistic learning of the Purkinje network from the electrocardiogram.

The identification of the Purkinje conduction system in the heart is a challenging task, yet essential for a correct definition of cardiac digital twins for precision cardiology. Here, we propose a probabilistic approach for identifying the Purkinje network from non-invasive clinical data such as the standard electrocardiogram (ECG). We use cardiac imaging to build an anatomically accurate model of the ventricles; we algorithmically generate a rule-based Purkinje network tailored to the anatomy; we simulate physiological electrocardiograms with a fast model; we identify the geometrical and electrical parameters of the Purkinje-ECG model with Bayesian optimization and approximate Bayesian computation.

CompositIA: an open-source automated quantification tool for body composition scores from thoraco-abdominal CT scans.

Background: Body composition scores allow for quantifying the volume and physical properties of specific tissues. However, their manual calculation is time-consuming and prone to human error. This study aims to develop and validate CompositIA, an automated, open-source pipeline for quantifying body composition scores from thoraco-abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans.

Can we learn from failures? A systematic review of phase III trials in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Objective: This systematic review analyzed phase III trials in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer to understand their poor outcomes and guide future trials.

Methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched for randomized phase III trials (2010-January 2024) involving patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Reimbursement policies of Swiss health insurances for the surgical treatment of symptomatic breast hypertrophy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with symptomatic breast hypertrophy typically suffer from chronic back pain, recurrent skin irritation at the inframammary fold and/or low self-esteem resulting in impaired quality of life. Reduction mammaplasty has been shown to effectively treat symptomatic breast hypertrophy with high patient satisfaction. Despite the obvious benefits, reimbursement requests for reduction mammaplasty are initially often refused by the patient's health insurance company, thereby frequently resulting in additional examinations and eventually extra expenses.

Oncogenic competence: balancing mutations, cellular state, and microenvironment.

Cancer development is driven by mutations, yet tumor-causing mutations only lead to tumor formation within specific cellular contexts. The reasons why certain mutations trigger malignant transformation in some contexts but not others remain often unclear. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a key role in driving carcinogenesis by leading the cells toward a state of 'oncogenic competence'.

Five-year complete remission of super-giant hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatectomy followed by sorafenib plus camrelizumab: A case report.

Background: Cirrhotic patients with super-giant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein invasion generally have a poor prognosis. This paper presents a patient with super-giant HCC and portal vein invasion, who underwent hepatectomy followed by a combination of sorafenib and camrelizumab, resulting in complete remission (CR) for 5 years.

Case Summary: A 40-year-old male with compensated hepatitis B-related cirrhosis was diagnosed with HCC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C.

Repeated Autologous Fat Grafting Significantly Increases Mastectomy Flap Thickness in Pre-Pectoral Multi-Stage Composite Expander-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: Exploring the Concept of a Reverse Expansion.

: Combining autologous fat grafting with implant placement is meant to improve the quality of implant-based breast reconstruction. The present study explores the concept of multi-stage composite breast reconstruction with repeated sessions of autologous fat grafting to increase mastectomy flap thickness and provide better pre-pectoral implant coverage. : Twenty-five consecutive patients underwent bilateral multi-stage composite expander-to-implant breast reconstruction and reverse expansion from August 2020 to April 2024.

Lung Cancers Associated with Cystic Airspaces.

Lung cancer, the second most common malignancy in both men and women, poses a significant health burden. Early diagnosis remains pivotal in reducing lung cancer mortality. Given the escalating number of computed tomography (CT) examinations in both outpatient and inpatient settings, radiologists play a crucial role in identifying early-stage pulmonary cancers, particularly non-nodular cancers.

Heterogeneity of the Treatment Effect with PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Living Interactive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Selection of patients harboring mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes for treatment with a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) is challenging in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To gain further insight, we quantitatively assessed the differential efficacy of PARPi therapy among patients with mCRPC and different HRR gene mutations.

Methods: This living meta-analysis (LMA) was conducted using the Living Interactive Evidence synthesis framework.

Urethra-sparing prostate cancer radiotherapy: Current practices and future insights from an international survey.

Purpose: In prostate cancer patients, high radiation doses to the urethra have been associated with an increased risk of severe genitourinary toxicity following dose-escalated radiotherapy. Urethra-sparing techniques have emerged as a promising approach to reduce urinary toxicity. This international survey aims to evaluate current global practices in urethra-sparing and explore future directions for the implementation of this technique in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer.

The Co-IMPACT Consortium: Integrating Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography and Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Care.

The Co-IMPACT consortium addresses knowledge gaps in prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer by establishing a global database (46 centres from 16 countries) to standardise and analyse data across four distinguished clinical scenarios. A collaborative model with the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference aligns urgent clinical needs with actionable research insights.

The Italian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire: validation of its measurement properties.

Background: Surgical fear is present in many patients awaiting surgery. However, a validated Italian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) was not available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate the SFQ into Italian and to test its reliability and validity.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of sotorasib as second-line treatment for patients with KRAS-G12C-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) in Switzerland.

Background And Objective: Because of the lack of effective targeted treatment options, docetaxel has long been the standard second-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, including the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) G12C mutation. The CodeBreak 200 trial demonstrated that sotorasib, a new drug targeting the G12C-mutated KRAS protein, modestly improved progression-free survival compared with docetaxel in patients whose cancer had progressed after receiving platinum chemotherapy and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) / programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors as first-line treatment. Consequently, sotorasib received temporary approval in Switzerland.

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia after lung transplantation: A case report of treatment with infliximab and tocilizumab and literature review.

Introduction: Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a severe form of acute lung injury which can occur after lung transplantation. Treatment is empiric, based on immunosuppressive regimens and the mortality rate is very high.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a young lung transplant (LT) recipient who developed AFOP following a respiratory viral infection while on suboptimal maintenance immunosuppression due to adherence issues.

Corrigendum: Editorial: Advancing vascularized tissue models through biomaterials and biofabrication.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.

Decrease in Fracture Rate with Mandatory Bone-protecting Agents in the EORTC 1333/PEACE-3 Trial Comparing Radium-223 Combined with Enzalutamide Versus Enzalutamide Alone: A Safety Analysis.

Bone health is central to the management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). International guidelines recommend giving a bone-protecting agent (BPA) to patients with mCRPC and bone metastases. However, the data supporting these recommendations were generated before androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) were available.

Implementation of the 9th TNM for lung cancer: practical insights for radiologists.

Lung cancer is the most common and deadly cancer worldwide. The 9th edition of the tumor node meta (TNM) classification system, effective from January 1, 2025, introduces significant updates. Notably, the N2 category is newly divided into N2a (single-station involvement) and N2b (multiple-station involvement), which reflects distinct prognostic implications.

A nosographic and etiopathogenetic framework for subchondral bone marrow lesions in the knee: A narrative review.

Purpose: Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are present in a wide range of pathologies with different prognoses. Thus, a careful diagnosis is mandatory to address them with the proper treatment. The aim of this review was to examine BMLs aetiology and their relationship with biomechanical and biological factors, to identify BMLs and help clinicians to properly recognize and treat each of these common alterations.

Harnessing deep learning to detect bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome from chest CT.

Background: Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), a fibrotic airway disease that may develop after lung transplantation, conventionally relies on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for diagnosis due to limitations of CT imaging. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have not previously been used for BOS detection. This study aims to train a DNN to detect BOS in CT scans using an approach tailored for low-data scenarios.

PET-Based Risk Stratification in Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Comparative Analysis of Different Segmentation Methods in the IELSG37 Trial Patient Cohort.

Standardizing tumor measurement on F-FDG PET is crucial for the routine clinical use of powerful PET-derived lymphoma prognostic factors such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). The recent proposal of an SUV of 4 as a new reference segmentation threshold for most aggressive lymphomas may homogenize volume-based metrics and facilitate their clinical application. This study compared MTV and TLG in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) patients estimated using an SUV of 4 and the current threshold at 25% of SUV Baseline PET metrics were evaluated in 501 PMBCL patients from the IELSG37 trial.