Instruction-induced modulation of the visual stream during gesture observation.

Although gesture observation tasks are believed to invariably activate the action-observation network (AON), we investigated whether the activation of different cognitive mechanisms when processing identical stimuli with different explicit instructions modulates AON activations. Accordingly, 24 healthy right-handed individuals observed gestures and they processed both the actor's moved hand (hand laterality judgment task, HT) and the meaning of the actor's gesture (meaning task, MT). The main brain-level result was that the HT (vs MT) differentially activated the left and right precuneus, the left inferior parietal lobe, the left and right superior parietal lobe, the middle frontal gyri bilaterally and the left precentral gyrus.

Waste Heat and Habitability: Constraints from Technological Energy Consumption.

Waste heat production represents an inevitable consequence of energy conversion as per the laws of thermodynamics. Based on this fact, by using simple theoretical models, we analyze constraints on the habitability of Earth-like terrestrial planets hosting putative technological species and technospheres characterized by persistent exponential growth of energy consumption and waste heat generation. In particular, we quantify the deleterious effects of rising surface temperature on biospheric processes and the eventual loss of liquid water.

First Observation of a Nuclear Recoil Peak at (100eV) with Crab: A Potential New Calibration Standard for Cryogenic Detectors.

Any experiment aiming to measure rare events, like Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE NS) or hypothetical Dark Matter scattering, via nuclear recoils in cryogenic detectors relies crucially on a precise detector calibration at sub-keV energies. The Crab collaboration developed a new calibration technique based on the capture of thermal neutrons inside the target crystal. Together with the Nucleus experiment, first measurements with a moderated Cf neutron source and a cryogenic detector were taken.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Enhanced non-classical electrostriction in strained tetragonal ceria.

Electrostriction is the upsurge of strain under an electric field in any dielectric material. Oxygen-defective metal oxides, such as acceptor-doped ceria, exhibit high electrostriction 10 mV values, which can be further enhanced via interface engineering at the nanoscale. This effect in ceria is "non-classical" as it arises from an intricate relation between defect-induced polarisation and local elastic distortion in the lattice.

Development of a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the TRBV5-1 segment of the T cell receptor for the treatment of mature T cell neoplasms.

Background: Mature T-cell neoplasms arise from the neoplastic transformation of a single T lymphocyte, and all cells in a neoplastic clone share the same V segment in the beta chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR). These segments may represent an innovative target for the development of targeted therapies.

Methods: A specific V segment of the TCR beta chain (TRBV5-1) was analyzed using bioinformatic tools, identifying three potential antigenic peptides.

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Informed consent is mandatory for an individual to receive a clinical service, yet the process is often still tough and twisty. This is a hot topic also for patient associations and thus PaLiNUro associaton set the objective to produce, with a multidisciplinary approach, a simple but comprehensive information note to the informed consent for people with urothelial cancer about to undergo to a radical cystectomy surgery. After assessing as not valid 12 information notes from nine Italian hospitals, the multidisciplinary group produced an eight-page document accompanied by a supplemental document for further details, both available on PaLiNUro website.

Counselling in Fetal Medicine: Uncomplicated Twin Pregnancies.

Twin pregnancies account for 3% of all pregnancies and they are burdened by higher morbidity and mortality compared to singletons. The role of ultrasound in the screening, diagnosis and management of possible complications of twin pregnancies has been widely investigated in the current literature. However, despite the progress that have been made in the last decades regarding treatment and evidence-based management of complications, twin pregnancies remain at higher risk of adverse outcomes, requiring therefore dedicated surveillance.

Nintedanib in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease: Real-World Safety Profile and Risk of Side Effects and Discontinuation.

Objective: Some concerns remain about the safety of nintedanib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), such as in the presence of comorbidities or in combination with biologic, targeted synthetic, and/or conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In this multicenter study, we retrospectively evaluated the safety of nintedanib in a real-world population of patients with RA-ILD from the Italian Group for the Study of Early Arthritis (GISEA) registry and the possible role of comorbidities and DMARDs on drug safety and withdrawal. Our secondary aim was to investigate the causes of nintedanib discontinuation.

Probing CPT Invariance with Top Quarks at the LHC.

The first model-independent sensitivity to CPT violation in the top-quark sector is extracted from ATLAS and CMS measurements of the top and antitop kinematical mass difference. We find that the temporal component of a CPT-violating background field interacting with the top-quark vector current is restricted within the interval [-0.13,0.

Ambipolar conduction in gated tungsten disulphide nanotube.

Devices based on transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes hold great potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Herein, the electrical transport and photoresponse characteristics of a back-gate device with a channel made of a single tungsten disulfide (WS) nanotube are investigated as functions of electric stress, ambient pressure, and illumination. As a transistor, the device exhibits p-type conduction, which can be transformed into ambipolar conduction at a high drain-source voltage.

Consensus of the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network on the use and interpretation of genetic testing for the diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity (IEI).

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are more than 500 different rare congenital disorders of the immune system characterized by susceptibility to infections and immune dysregulation. The significant overlap of the clinical features among the different forms may lead to diagnostic delay. High throughput sequencing techniques may allow a timely genetic definition.

WO-Based Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition as Gas Sensors for NO Detection.

Thin films based on tungsten oxide (WO) were grown by nanosecond pulsed laser deposition on alumina printed-circuit boards to fabricate electrochemical sensors for nitrogen dioxide (NO) detection. Samples exposed to thermal annealing (400 °C for 3 h) were also produced to compare the main properties and the sensor performance. Before gas testing, the morphology and structural properties were investigated.

Dysfunction and Morphological Involvement of Inner Macular Layers in Glaucoma.

This study aimed to study the inner retina functional and morphological impairment of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from specific macular rings and sectors to identify whether selective macular regions were more vulnerable than others within the 20 central degrees in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). In total, 21 OAG patients [mean age 50.19 ± 7.

Clinical impact of ceftazidime/avibactam on the treatment of suspected or proven infections in a large cohort of patients with haematological malignancies: a multicentre observational real-world study.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical impact of ceftazidime/avibactam on treating infections due to MDR Gram-negative bacteria in patients with haematological malignancies (HMs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study at 17 Italian haematological wards that included patients with HMs receiving ceftazidime/avibactam for the treatment of suspected or proven infections. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality 30 days after infection onset.

Development of a compact and portable diamond-based detection system for dosimetry and microdosimetry in ion beam therapy.

Ion beam therapy techniques have advanced significantly in the past two decades. However, the development of dosimetric verification methods has lagged. Traditional dosimetry, which offers a macroscopic view of the absorbed dose, fails to address the micrometric-scale stochastic effects crucial for understanding biological responses.

Facing healthy and pathological aging: A systematic review of fMRI task-based studies to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive reserve.

Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the varying trajectories of cognitive decline in healthy and pathological ageing. CR is often operationalized in terms of socio-behavioural proxies that modulate cognitive performance. Individuals with higher CR are known to maintain better cognitive functions, but evidence on the underlying brain activity remains scattered.

Search for the Exclusive W Boson Hadronic Decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ with the ATLAS Detector.

A search for the exclusive hadronic decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ, and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ is performed using up to 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV. If observed, these rare processes would provide a unique test bench for the quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism used to calculate cross sections at colliders. Additionally, at future colliders, these decays could offer a new way to measure the W boson mass through fully reconstructed decay products.

Double-pentagon silicon chains in a quasi-1D Si/Ag(001) surface alloy.

Silicon surface alloys and silicide nanolayers are highly important as contact materials in integrated circuit devices. Here we demonstrate that the submonolayer Si/Ag(001) surface reconstruction, reported to exhibit interesting topological properties, comprises a quasi-one-dimensional Si-Ag surface alloy based on chains of planar double-pentagon Si moieties. This geometry is determined using a combination of density functional theory calculations, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction simulations, and yields an electronic structure in excellent agreement with photoemission measurements.