Temperature Dependence of Coherent versus Spontaneous Raman Scattering.

Because of their sub picosecond temporal resolution, coherent Raman spectroscopies have been proposed as a viable extension of spontaneous Raman thermometry, to determine dynamics of mode specific vibrational energy content during out of equilibrium molecular processes. Here we show that the presence of multiple laser fields stimulating the vibrational coherences introduces additional quantum pathways, resulting in destructive interference. This ultimately reduces the thermal sensitivity of single spectral lines, nullifying it for harmonic vibrations and temperature independent polarizability.

Evidence of 1+1D Photorefractive Stripe Solitons Deep in the Kerr Limit.

The Kerr nonlinearity allows for exact analytic soliton solutions in 1+1D. While nothing excludes that these solitons form in naturally occurring real-world 3D settings as solitary walls or stripes, their observation had previously been considered unfeasible because of the strong transverse instability intrinsic to the extended nonlinear perturbation. We report the observation of solitons that are fully compatible with the 1+1D Kerr paradigm limit hosted in a 2+1D system.

Phytochemical analysis on the female cone of Hook.

In this work, the first phytochemical analysis ever performed on a whole cone of Hook. is presented. This was carried out by means of column chromatography, NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry on the female cone, evidencing the presence of forty metabolites, thirty-three of which are primary whilst the remaining are non-volatile secondary.

X-ray phase-contrast imaging of strong shocks on OMEGA EP.

The ongoing improvement in laser technology and target fabrication is opening new possibilities for diagnostic development. An example is x-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI), which serves as an advanced x-ray imaging diagnostic in laser-driven experiments. In this work, we present the results of the XPCI platform that was developed at the OMEGA EP Laser-Facility to study multi-Mbar single and double shocks produced using a kilojoule laser driver.

Parenting Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Conduct Problems in Seven Countries.

This study advances the understanding of risk and protective factors in trajectories of conduct problems in adolescence in seven countries that differ widely on a number of sociodemographic factors as well as norms related to adolescent behavior. Youth- and parent-report data from 988 adolescents in seven countries (Colombia, Italy, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the USA) who were followed longitudinally from ages 10 to 18 (yielding 6872 total data points) were subject to latent class growth analysis. A 4-class model provided the best fit to the data: Late Starters, Alcohol Experimenters, Mid-Adolescent Starters, and Pervasive Risk Takers.

Microstructure Morphology of Chemical and Structural Phase Separation in Thermally Treated KFeSe Superconductor.

The iron-based KFeSe superconductor displays chemical, structural and electronic phase separation at nanoscale to microscale, leading to the coexisting metallic phase embedded in an antiferromagnetic host matrix. The metallic character of the system is believed to arise from a percolative granular network affecting its transport in the normal as well as in the superconducting state. This percolative network can be manipulated and controlled through thermal treatments.

Exploring the Bioactive Potential of F.H. Wigg Aerial Parts on MDA Breast Cancer Cells: Insights into Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Efficacy, and Gelatinase Inhibition within 3D Cellular Models.

In this work, aerial parts of F.H. Wigg.

Investigating Longitudinal Trajectories of COVID-19 Disruption: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations.

Relatively few studies have longitudinally investigated how COVID-19 has disrupted the lives and health of youth beyond the first year of the pandemic. This may be because longitudinal researchers face complex challenges in figuring out how to code time, account for changes in COVID-19 spread, and model longitudinal COVID-19-related trajectories across environmental contexts. This manuscript considers each of these three methodological issues by modeling trajectories of COVID-19 disruption in 1080 youth from 12 cultural groups in nine nations between March 2020-July 2022 using multilevel modeling.

Structural phase transition in NH₄F under extreme pressure conditions.

Ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) exhibits a variety of crystalline phases depending on temperature and pressure. By employing Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction beyond megabar pressures (up to 140 GPa), we have here observed a novel dense solid phase of NH₄F, characterised by the tetragonal P4/nmm structure also observed in other ammonium halides under less extreme pressure conditions, typically a few GPa. Using detailed ab-initio calculations and reevaluating earlier theoretical models pertaining to other ammonium halides, we examine the microscopic mechanisms underlying the transition from the low-pressure cubic phase (P-43m) to the newly identified high-pressure tetragonal phase (P4/nmm).

Electrospray deposition of starch-containing laccase: A green technique for low-cost and eco-friendly biosensors.

Recently a laccase-based biosensors with unprecedented reuse and storage capabilities in the detection of catechol compound has been manufactured using ambient Electrospray Deposition (ESD) technique. These biosensors showed to be reused up to 63 measurements on the same electrode just prepared at room temperature and pressure. In this new work the reasons behind such a high-performance functioning have been investigated by analysing the commercial sample of laccase with different chemical physics methods: Electrophoresis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Attachment security, environmental adversity, and fast life history behavioral profiles in human adolescents.

One species-general life history (LH) principle posits that challenging childhood environments are coupled with a fast or faster LH strategy and associated behaviors, while secure and stable childhood environments foster behaviors conducive to a slow or slower LH strategy. This coupling between environments and LH strategies is based on the assumption that individuals' internal traits and states are independent of their external surroundings. In reality, individuals respond to external environmental conditions in alignment with their intrinsic vitality, encompassing both physical and mental states.

Global distribution, diversity, and ecological niche of Picozoa, a widespread and enigmatic marine protist lineage.

Background: The backbone of the eukaryotic tree of life contains taxa only found in molecular surveys, of which we still have a limited understanding. Such is the case of Picozoa, an enigmatic lineage of heterotrophic picoeukaryotes within the supergroup Archaeplastida, which has emerged as a significant component of marine microbial planktonic communities. To enhance our understanding of the diversity, distribution, and ecology of Picozoa, we conduct a comprehensive assessment at different levels, from assemblages to taxa, employing phylogenetic analysis, species distribution modeling, and ecological niche characterization.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of high-throughput mechanically exfoliated van der Waals materials.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used and easy accessible characterisation technique for investigating the chemical composition of materials. However, investigating the composition of van der Waals (vdW) flakes by XPS is challenging due to the typical spot size of XPS setups compared to the dimensions of the flakes, which are usually one thousand times smaller than the spot size. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative elemental analysis of vdW materials by using high-throughput mechanical exfoliations, which favour the coverage of arbitrary substrates with flakes of areas of the order of the cm using minimal quantities of materials (about 10 μg).

Beyond population size: whole-genome data reveal bottleneck legacies in the peninsular Italian wolf.

Preserving genetic diversity and adaptive potential while avoiding inbreeding depression is crucial for the long-term conservation of natural populations. Despite demographic increases, traces of past bottleneck events at the genomic level should be carefully considered for population management. From this perspective, the peninsular Italian wolf is a paradigmatic case.

Effect of aliovalent substitution on the local structure of CaKFeAssuperconductor.

We have investigated the local structure of the iron-based CaKFeAssuperconductor featuring distinct aliovalent substitutions at the Ca and K sites, that is CaKFeAs, CaKSrFeAs, CaKBaFeAsand CaNaKBaFeAs. Temperature-dependent Fe K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements are used to determine the near-neighbors bondlengths and their stiffness. The EXAFS analysis reveals that the Fe-As bondlength undergoes negligible changes by substitution, however, the Fe-Fe bondlength and the As height are affected by the Sr substitution.

Anisotropic atomic displacements, local orthorhombicity and anomalous local magnetic moment in BaKFeAs superconductor.

We have investigated the in-plane local structure of the BaKFeAs superconductor by polarized Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements with temperature. The near neighbor bond distances and their stiffness, measured by polarized EXAFS in two orthogonal directions, are different suggesting in-plane anisotropy of the atomic displacements and local orthorhombicity in the title system. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra reveal anisotropy of valence electronic structure that changes anomalously below ∼100 K.

Disseminating "hidden" scientific collections: the medium and large-sized terrestrial mammals at the Museo di Anatomia Comparata "Giovanni Battista Grassi", Roma, Italy.

The dissemination of specimen data in scientific collections is a crucial step in making them available to the scientific community. However, even today, especially in some countries, little or nothing is known about the contents of the naturalistic collections of some museums. This is regrettable, especially in cases where the collections include historic specimens and endangered species.

Demystifying group-4 polyolefin hydrogenolysis catalysis. Gaseous propane hydrogenolysis mechanism over the same catalysts.

A kinetic/mechanistic investigation of gaseous propane hydrogenolysis over the single-site heterogeneous polyolefin depolymerization catalysts AlS/ZrNp and AlS/HfNp (AlS = sulfated alumina, Np = neopentyl), is use to probe intrinsic catalyst properties without the complexities introduced by time- and viscosity-dependent polymer medium effects. In a polymer-free automated plug-flow catalytic reactor, propane hydrogenolysis turnover frequencies approach 3,000 h at 150 °C. Both catalysts exhibit approximately linear relationships between rate and [H] at substoichiometric [H] with rate law orders of 0.

Graves-Basedow ophthalmopathy surgical approaches: Open vs Endoscopic.

Graves-Basedow's disease (GBD) is an autoimmune pathology that affects the thyroid and is characterized by the presence of goiter, hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy, and dermopathy. Graves-Basedow ophthalmopathy (GBO) is a set of inflammatory and infiltrative alterations of the orbital tissue that affects 40-90% of subjects suffering from GBD. Our study aims to investigate the differences in the clinical outcomes of patients treated with two different techniques: the classic open and the more modern endoscopic.

Properties of Cosmic Deuterons Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (D) flux are presented. The measurements are based on 21×10^{6} D nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021.