The opposed forces of differentiation and admixture across glacial cycles in the butterfly Aglais urticae.

Glacial cycles lead to periodic population interbreeding and isolation in warm-adapted species, which impact genetic structure and evolution. However, the effects of these processes on highly mobile and more cold-tolerant species are not well understood. This study aims to shed light on the phylogeographic history of Aglais urticae, a butterfly species with considerable dispersal ability, and a wide Palearctic distribution reaching the Arctic.

Statistics of maximum photon penetration depth in a two-layer diffusive medium.

We present numerical results for the probability density function () and for the mean value of photon maximum penetration depth ‹› in a two-layer diffusive medium. Both time domain and continuous wave regime are considered with several combinations of the optical properties (absorption coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient) of the two layers, and with different geometrical configurations (source detector distance, thickness of the upper layer). Practical considerations on the design of time domain and continuous wave systems are derived.

Exploring the impacts of social media and crowdsourcing on disaster resilience.

Social media and crowdsourcing (SMCS) are increasingly proving useful for addressing the effects of natural and human-made hazards. SMCS allow different stakeholders to share crucial information during disaster management processes and to strengthen community resilience through engagement and collaboration. To harvest these opportunities there is a need for better knowledge on SMCS for diverse disaster scenarios.

Effect of extended heat stress in dairy cows on productive and behavioral traits.

This study evaluates the response of dairy cows to short and extended heat stressing conditions (from 1 to 28 days), as expressed in changes in their behavior. Due to climate change, heat stress and strong heat waves are frequently affecting the productivity and behavior of dairy cows. In the five years under study from 2018 to 2022, two were characterized by extremely strong heat waves occurring in the region analyzed in this study (Northern Italy).

1,3-Diaryl Triazenes Incorporating Disulfonamides Show Both Antiproliferative Activity and Effective Inhibition of Tumor-associated Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII.

Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesize a library of novel di-sulfa drugs containing 1,3- diaryltriazene derivatives TS (1-13) by conjugation of diazonium salts of primary sulfonamides with sulfa drugs to investigate the cytotoxic effect of these new compounds in different cancer types and to determine their inhibitory activity against tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII.

Materials And Methods: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity of the obtained compounds was evaluated against four selected human carbonic anhydrase isoforms (hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII) by a stoppedflow CO hydrase assay. In addition, , cytotoxicity studies were applied by using A549 (lung cancer), BEAS-2B (normal lung), MCF-7 (breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), CRL-4010 (normal breast epithelium), HT-29 (colon cancer), and HCT -116 (colon cancer) cell lines.

Controlling the incorporation of fluorinated amino acids in human cells and its structural impact.

Fluorinated aromatic amino acids (FAAs) are promising tools when studying protein structure and dynamics by NMR spectroscopy. The incorporation FAAs in mammalian expression systems has been introduced only recently. Here, we investigate the effects of FAAs incorporation in proteins expressed in human cells, focusing on the probability of incorporation and its consequences on the F NMR spectra.

The chimera of 2D- and 1D-graphene magnetization by hydrogenation or fluorination: critically revisiting old schemes and proposing new ones by methods.

Graphene is an ideal candidate material for spintronics due to its layered structure and peculiar electronic structure. However, in its pristine state, the production of magnetic moments is not trivial. A very appealing approach is the chemical modification of pristine graphene.

"Until death do us part". A multidisciplinary study on human- Animal co- burials from the Late Iron Age necropolis of Seminario Vescovile in Verona (Northern Italy, 3rd-1st c. BCE).

Animal remains are a common find in prehistoric and protohistoric funerary contexts. While taphonomic and osteological data provide insights about the proximate (depositional) factors responsible for these findings, the ultimate cultural causes leading to this observed mortuary behavior are obscured by the opacity of the archaeological record and the lack of written sources. Here, we apply an interdisciplinary suite of analytical approaches (zooarchaeological, anthropological, archaeological, paleogenetic, and isotopic) to explore the funerary deposition of animal remains and the nature of joint human-animal burials at Seminario Vescovile (Verona, Northern Italy 3rd-1st c.

A Vibration-Based Methodology to Monitor Road Surface: A Process to Overcome the Speed Effect.

Road pavement monitoring represents the starting point for the pavement maintenance process. To quickly fix a damaged road, relevant authorities need a high-efficiency methodology that allows them to obtain data describing the current conditions of a road network. In urban areas, large-scale monitoring campaigns may be more expensive and not fast enough to describe how pavement degradation has evolved over time.

Effective Anticancer Potential of a New Sulfonamide as a Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitor Against Aggressive Tumors.

This study examines efficiency of a newly synthesized sulfonamide derivative 2-bromo-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)propanamide (MMH-1) on the inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX), which is overexpressed in many solid tumors including breast cancer. The inhibitory potential of MMH-1 compound against its four major isoforms, including cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II, as well as tumor-associated membrane-bound isoforms hCA IX and XII, was evaluated. To this context, the cytotoxic effect of MMH-1 on cancer and normal cells was tested and found to selectively affect MDA-MB-231 cells.

Impact of different follow-up regimens on health-related quality of life and costs in endometrial cancer patients: Results from the TOTEM randomized trial.

Purpose: To investigate whether intensive follow-up (INT) after surgery for endometrial cancer impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and healthcare costs compared to minimalist follow-up (MIN), in the absence of evidence supporting any benefit on 5-year overall survival.

Methods: In the TOTEM trial, HRQoL was assessed using the SF-12 and the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaires at baseline, after 6 and 12 months and then annually up to 5 years of follow-up. Costs were analyzed after 4 years of follow-up from a National Health Service perspective, stratified by risk level.

Synthetic Approaches to Novel Human Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform Inhibitors Based on Pyrrol-2-one Moiety.

New dihydro-pyrrol-2-one compounds, featuring dual sulfonamide groups, were synthesized through a one-pot, three-component approach utilizing trifluoroacetic acid as a catalyst. Computational analysis using density functional theory (DFT) and condensed Fukui function explored the structure-reactivity relationship. Evaluation against human carbonic anhydrase isoforms (hCA I, II, IX, XII) revealed potent inhibition.

Growth, physiological parameters and DNA methylation in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid exposed to PET micro-nanoplastic contaminated waters.

The effects of polyethylene terephthalate micro-nanoplastics (PET-MNPs) were tested on the model freshwater species Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., with focus on possible particle-induced epigenetic effects (i.

Meta-analysis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria interaction with host plants: implications for drought stress response gene expression.

Introduction: The molecular and physiological mechanisms activated in plants during drought stress tolerance are regulated by several key genes with both metabolic and regulatory roles. Studies focusing on crop gene expression following plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation may help understand which bioinoculant is closely related to the induction of abiotic stress responses.

Methods: Here, we performed a meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to summarise information regarding plant-PGPR interactions, focusing on the regulation of nine genes involved in plant drought stress response.

Genetic Epilepsies and Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathies with Early Onset: A Multicenter Study.

The genetic causes of epilepsies and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) with onset in early childhood are increasingly recognized. Their outcomes vary from benign to severe disability. In this paper, we wished to retrospectively review the clinical, genetic, EEG, neuroimaging, and outcome data of patients experiencing the onset of epilepsy in the first three years of life, diagnosed and followed up in four Italian epilepsy centres (Epilepsy Centre of San Paolo University Hospital in Milan, Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit of AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Pediatric Neurology Unit of Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, and Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia).

Age-dependent changes in the anger superiority effect: Evidence from a visual search task.

The perception of threatening facial expressions is a critical skill necessary for detecting the emotional states of others and responding appropriately. The anger superiority effect hypothesis suggests that individuals are better at processing and identifying angry faces compared with other nonthreatening facial expressions. In adults, the anger superiority effect is present even after controlling for the bottom-up visual saliency, and when ecologically valid stimuli are used.

Quantum spin coherence and electron spin distribution channels in vanadyl-containing lantern complexes.

We herein investigate the heterobimetallic lantern complexes [PtVO(SOCR)] as charge neutral electronic qubits based on vanadyl complexes ( = 1/2) with nuclear spin-free donor atoms. The derivatives with R = Me (1) and Ph (2) give highly resolved X-band EPR spectra in frozen CHCl/toluene solution, which evidence the usual hyperfine coupling with the V nucleus ( = 7/2) and an additional superhyperfine interaction with the = 1/2 nucleus of the Pt isotope (natural abundance 34%). DFT calculations ascribe the spin density delocalization on the Pt ion to a combination of π and pathways, with the former representing the predominant channel.

Ligand-Based Competition Binding by Real-Time F NMR in Human Cells.

The development of more effective drugs requires knowledge of their bioavailability and binding efficacy directly in the native cellular environment. In-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating ligand-target interactions directly in living cells. However, the target molecule may be NMR-invisible due to interactions with cellular components, while observing the ligand by H NMR is impractical due to the cellular background.

The underexposed nature-based solutions: A critical state-of-art review on drought mitigation.

Droughts are the most expensive climate disasters as they leave long-term and chronic impacts on the ecosystem, agriculture, and human society. The intensity, frequency, and duration of drought events have increased over the years and are expected to worsen in the future on a regional and planetary/global scale. Nature-based solutions (NBS) such as wetland and floodplain restorations, green infrastructures, rainwater harvesting, etc.

Clinical Outcomes of HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in Italy in the Last Decade: Results of the GIM 13-AMBRA Study.

GIM 13-AMBRA is a longitudinal cohort study aimed at describing therapeutic strategies and the relative outcome parameters in 939 HER2-ve MBC patients. Taxanes-based regimens, or taxanes + targeted agents, mainly Bevacizumab, were the preferred first choice in both Luminal (30.2%) and TNBC (33.

Exploring the potency of diazo-coumarin containing hybrid molecules: Selective inhibition of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII.

This study introduces a series of ten hybrid molecules DK(1-10), which combine diazo and coumarin moieties along with diverse aromatic substitutions. The primary objective was to evaluate the inhibitory capabilities of these compounds against four prominent isoforms: the cytosolic hCA I and II, as well as the tumor-associated membrane-bound hCA IX and XII. Impressively, the majority of the tested compounds exhibited significant inhibition activity against the tumor-associated isoforms hCA IX and XII, with K values ranging from 29.

High-pressure and high-temperature synthesis of crystalline Sb N.

A chemical reaction between Sb and N was induced under high-pressure (32-35 GPa) and high-temperature (1600-2200 K) conditions, generated by a laser heated diamond anvil cell. The reaction product was identified by single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction at 35 GPa and room temperature as crystalline antimony nitride with Sb N stoichiometry and structure belonging to orthorhombic space group Cmc2 . Only Sb-N bonds are present in the covalent bonding framework, with two types of Sb atoms respectively forming SbN distorted octahedra and trigonal prisms and three types of N atoms forming NSb distorted tetrahedra and NSb trigonal pyramids.

Novel Drug Screening Assay for and the Anti-Amoebic Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.

is an amoeba that inhabits soil and water in every part of the world. Acanthamoeba infection of the eye causes keratitis and can lead to a loss of vision. Current treatment options are only moderately effective, have multiple harmful side effects, and are tedious.