How time gets spatial: factors determining the stability and instability of the mental time line.

Left-to-right readers classify faster past events with motor responses on the left side of space and future events with responses on the right side. This suggests a left-to-right spatial organization in the mental representation of time. Here, we show that the significance and reliability of this representation are linked to the joint use of temporal and spatial codes in the task at hand.

European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) guidelines on the management of axillary lymphadenopathy after COVID-19 vaccination: 2023 revision.

Axillary lymphadenopathy is a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, leading to increased imaging-detected asymptomatic and symptomatic unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. This has threatened to negatively impact the workflow of breast imaging services, leading to the release of ten recommendations by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) in August 2021. Considering the rapidly changing scenario and data scarcity, these initial recommendations kept a highly conservative approach.

Levodopa-refractory hyperprolactinemia and pituitary findings in inherited disorders of biogenic amine metabolism.

Elevated serum prolactin concentrations occur in inherited disorders of biogenic amine metabolism because dopamine deficiency leads to insufficient inhibition of prolactin secretion. This work from the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD) presents the results of the first standardized study on levodopa-refractory hyperprolactinemia (LRHP; >1000 mU/L) and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in patients with inherited disorders of biogenic amine metabolism. Twenty-six individuals had LRHP or abnormal pituitary findings on MRI.

A comprehensive study to reveal the potential of a more sustainable ultra-high performance enantioselective reversed-phase chromatography on Pirkle-type stationary phase, with Whelk-O1 as a case study.

In this study, we aimed to make enantioselective chromatography more sustainable, more sensitive, and compatible with aqueous formulations analysis and ESI-MS. To achieve this, we examined the effects of transitioning from normal-phase chromatography (which uses hydrocarbon-based solvents) to reversed-phase chromatography (using mobile phases based on water) using broad-spectrum Whelk-O1 columns as a critical study. For the first time, we holistically compared the thermodynamics and kinetics of the two elution modes in order to answer the question of whether same-column chemistry can effectively separate the compounds even in reversed-phase mode and found, unexpectedly, that reversed-phase chromatography using acetonitrile as the organic modifier was competitive from a kinetic standpoint.

Inventory of landslides triggered by an extreme rainfall event in Marche-Umbria, Italy, on 15 September 2022.

Systematic and timely documentation of triggered (i.e. event) landslides is fundamental to build extensive datasets worldwide that may help define and/or validate trends in response to climate change.

Class modelling by Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy: why, when, how? A tutorial.

This article contains a comprehensive tutorial on classification by means of Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA). Such a tutorial was conceived in an attempt to offer pragmatic guidelines for a sensible and correct utilisation of this tool as well as answers to three basic questions: "why employing SIMCA?", "when employing SIMCA?" and "how employing/not employing SIMCA?". With this purpose in mind, the following points are here addressed: i) the mathematical and statistical fundamentals of the SIMCA approach are presented; ii) distinct variants of the original SIMCA algorithm are thoroughly described and compared in two different case-studies; iii) a flowchart outlining how to fine-tune the parameters of a SIMCA model for achieving an optimal performance is provided; iv) figures of merit and graphical tools for SIMCA model assessment are illustrated and v) computational details and rational suggestions about SIMCA model validation are given.

Palliative sedation and time to death in home palliative care: retrospective analysis.

Objectives: We described time to death and rates of palliative sedation during home palliative care leveraging a retrospective cohort of patients with advanced cancer.

Methods: The cohort consists of 143 patients with solid or haematological malignancies admitted to home palliative care in the Tuscany region in central Italy. Only patients for whom a date of death was available were included.

Structural Signatures of Ultrastability in a Deposited Glassformer.

Glasses obtained from vapor deposition on a cold substrate have superior thermodynamic and kinetic stability with respect to ordinary glasses. Here we perform molecular dynamics simulations of vapor deposition of a model glassformer and investigate the origin of its high stability compared to that of ordinary glasses. We find that the vapor deposited glass is characterized by locally favored structures (LFSs) whose occurrence correlates with its stability, reaching a maximum at the optimal deposition temperature.

Fatigue in fluctuating Parkinson's disease patients: possible impact of safinamide.

Fatigue is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Among other pathophysiological mechanisms, neuroinflammation, a pathological PD hallmark associated with changes in glutamatergic transmission in basal ganglia, has been proposed as a crucial factor closely related to fatigue. To test the hypothesis that safinamide could represent an effective treatment of fatigue in PD patients, given its dual mechanism of action (it selectively and reversibly inhibits MAOB and modulates glutamate release), we administered the validated versions of fatigue severity scale (FSS) and Parkinson fatigue scale-16 (PFS-16) to 39 fluctuating PD patients with fatigue before and after a 24-week treatment period with safinamide as add-on therapy.

Space is a late heuristic of elapsing time: New evidence from the STEARC effect.

To get a concrete representation of its intangible flow, culture frames elapsing time along spatially oriented mental or graphical lines, which are organised according to reading habits, from left to right in western cultures. One of the strongest evidence for this spatial representation of time is the STEARC effect (Spatial-Temporal Association of Response Codes), which consists of faster coding of "short" durations with motor responses in the left side of space and of "long" durations with responses in the right side. Here, we investigated the STEARC as a function of response speed in two different experiments in healthy participants.

Screening and diagnostic breast MRI: how do they impact surgical treatment? Insights from the MIPA study.

Objectives: To report mastectomy and reoperation rates in women who had breast MRI for screening (S-MRI subgroup) or diagnostic (D-MRI subgroup) purposes, using multivariable analysis for investigating the role of MRI referral/nonreferral and other covariates in driving surgical outcomes.

Methods: The MIPA observational study enrolled women aged 18-80 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer destined to have surgery as the primary treatment, in 27 centres worldwide. Mastectomy and reoperation rates were compared using non-parametric tests and multivariable analysis.

Endoscopic Management of Benign Airway Stenosis in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.

Background:  The aims of this study were to evaluate the results of endoscopic dilation for simple benign airway stenosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and whether COVID-19 infection was associated with higher rate of recurrence compared with a control group.

Methods:  It was an observational multicenter study including consecutive patients with simple benign airway stenosis undergoing endoscopic dilatation with at least 6 months of follow-up. The outcome of patients with COVID-19 infection was compared with that of a control group in relation to patient and stenosis characteristics, and procedure type.

Clinical Features of Diabetes Mellitus on Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data from the Cardiovascular Obesity and Rheumatic DISease (CORDIS) Study Group.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are linked by underlying inflammation influencing their development and progression. Nevertheless, the profile of diabetic RA patients and the impact of DM on RA need to be elucidated. This cross-sectional study includes 1523 patients with RA and no episodes of cardiovascular events, followed up in 10 Italian University Rheumatologic Centers between 1 January and 31 December 2019 belonging to the "Cardiovascular Obesity and Rheumatic DISease (CORDIS)" Study Group of the Italian Society of Rheumatology.

ESE position statement on root resorption.

This Position Statement on root resorption represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The statement is based on current clinical and scientific evidence as well as the expertise of the committee. The aim is to provide clinicians with authoritative information on the aetiology, histopathology, clinical presentation and recommendations for the management of root resorption.

Dissipative Systems Driven by the Decarboxylation of Activated Carboxylic Acids.

ConspectusThe achievement of artificial systems capable of being maintained in out-of-equilibrium states featuring functional properties is a main goal of current chemical research. Absorption of electromagnetic radiation or consumption of a chemical species (a "chemical fuel") are the two strategies typically employed to reach such out-of-equilibrium states, which have to persist as long as one of the above stimuli is present. For this reason such systems are often referred to as "dissipative systems".

Italian recommendations for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: a position paper of the Cardiovascular Obesity and Rheumatic DISease (CORDIS) Study Group of the Italian Society for Rheumatology.

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. The aim of this position paper is to provide Italian rheumatologists with an easy, feasible and time-saving CV risk assessment in their daily clinical practice.

Methods: A narrative review of the literature and an assessment of the methodological strength underlying the current evidence on CV risk assessment in patients with RA were performed.

Modelling Complex Bimolecular Reactions in a Condensed Phase: The Case of Phosphodiester Hydrolysis.

(1) Background: the theoretical modelling of reactions occurring in liquid phase is a research line of primary importance both in theoretical-computational chemistry and in the context of organic and biological chemistry. Here we present the modelling of the kinetics of the hydroxide-promoted hydrolysis of phosphoric diesters. (2) Method: the theoretical-computational procedure involves a hybrid quantum/classical approach based on the perturbed matrix method (PMM) in conjunction with molecular mechanics.

Executive functioning during verbal fluency tasks in bilinguals: A systematic review.

Background: Bilingualism is widespread and being bilingual is more common than being monolingual. The lifelong practice bilinguals receive from managing two languages seems to lead to a cognitive benefit. Conversely, bilingualism seems to affect language ability negatively due to less use of each known language.

A real opportunity to modify cardiovascular risk through primary care and prevention: A pilot study.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major threat to health and primary prevention outstands as the most effective instrument to face this issue, addressing multiple risk factors at a time and influencing behavioral patterns. Community nurses have been involved in many interdisciplinary prevention activities, resulting in effective control of CV risk factors. We conducted a pilot study aiming at describing the impact on the CV risk profile of an 18-month interdisciplinary intervention on lifestyle habits.

A quantitative analysis on the effect of COVID-19 in a private health insurance plan expenditure.

This paper explores the effect of COVID-19 on health care expenditure using data from a private Health Insurance Plan (HIP). As well known, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments had to rely on Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions against the spread of the virus. However, the stringency of lockdowns differed across space and time as governments had to adjust their strategy dynamically to the country-specific development of the crisis.

Glucocorticoid tapering and associated outcome in patients with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus: the real-world GULP prospective observational study.

Objective: A subanalysis of the multicentre Early Lupus inception cohort was performed to investigate the real-world Glucocorticoids (GCs) Use in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Patients (GULP).

Methods: Patients starting prednisone (PDN) ≥5 mg/day and concomitant hydroxychloroquine or immunosuppressant within 12 months of SLE classification were enrolled. Core set variables were recorded at baseline and every 6 months, including changes in PDN dose, European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index.

Acquired Hemophilia in an Elderly Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Case Report.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII and characterized by spontaneous hemorrhage in patients with no previous family or personal history of bleeding. We report here a case of AHA that occurred in the Department of Medicina D'Urgenza in Sant'Andrea Hospital in a patient with previous diagnosis of NSLC. The aim of this article is to allow a more comprehensive knowledge of AHA that both for the rarity and the poor literature is underdiagnosed; for all these reasons, it is important that different specialists, like emergency specialists, experts in internal medicine, hematologists, and oncologists, acquire a more complete knowledge of the clinical and laboratory features of this disease, allowing an early diagnosis crucial for the evolution of the coagulopathy.

O-RADS MRI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance and Category-wise Malignancy Rates.

Background US-indeterminate adnexal lesions remain an important indication for gynecologic surgery. MRI can serve as a problem-solving tool through the use of the Ovarian-Adnexal Imaging Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI lexicon, which is based on the ADNEX MR scoring system. Purpose To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of pelvic MRI interpreted using the ADNEX or O-RADS MRI stratification systems to characterize US-indeterminate adnexal lesions and of the category-wise malignancy rates.

Exploiting deterministic features in apparently stochastic data.

Many processes in nature are the result of many coupled individual subsystems (like population dynamics or neurosystems). Not always such systems exhibit simple stable behaviors that in the past science has mostly focused on. Often, these systems are characterized by bursts of seemingly stochastic activity, interrupted by quieter periods.