Audit and feedback is an effective implementation strategy to increase fidelity to a multi-component labor induction protocol designed to reduce obstetric inequities.

Background: Studies have demonstrated that standardizing labor induction (IOL), often with the use of protocols, may reduce racial inequities in obstetrics. IOL protocols are complex, multi-component interventions. To target identified implementation barriers, audit and feedback (A&F) was selected as an implementation strategy.

Delta large-channel endoscopy versus unilateral biportal endoscopy decompressive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Delta large-channel endoscopy and unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) are prominent minimally invasive techniques for treating lumbar spinal stenosis, known for minimal tissue damage, clear visualization, and quick recovery. However, rigorous controlled research comparing these procedures is scarce, necessitating further investigation into their respective complications and long-term effectiveness. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare their perioperative outcomes, focusing on postoperative recovery and complications over time.

Integration of physical and mental health services for children and young people with eating disorders and functional symptom disorders: discrete choice experiment.

Background: Given the increasing recognition of the value of greater integration of physical and mental health services for children and young people, we aimed to evaluate preferences among parents for the characteristics associated with integrated health service provision for two conditions (eating disorders, functional symptom disorders).

Methods: Two discrete choice experiments (DCEs) were conducted, using electronic surveys. Participants were adult parents of children and young people.

Relationship between BMI, indicators of lipid metabolism and diabetic neuropathy: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: To identify the relationship between BMI or lipid metabolism and diabetic neuropathy using a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods: Body constitution-related phenotypes, namely BMI (kg/m), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG), were investigated in this study. Despite the disparate origins of these data, all were accessible through the IEU OPEN GWAS database ( https://gwas.

Knowledge, awareness and attitudes among a group of Turkish dental students regarding molar incisor hypomineralization: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is estimated to affect more than 800 million people worldwide. The clinical management of MIH can be challenging. For dentists, to provide effective and high-quality dental care to people affected by MIH, it is essential that they improve their awareness, ability to describe the clinical situation, and knowledge of treatment modalities.

Extensible lateral approach versus sinus tarsi approach for sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures osteosynthesis: a randomized controlled trial of 186 fractures.

Aims: Which is the best extensile lateral (ELA) or sinus tarsi (STA) approach for osteosynthesis displaced intraarticular calcaneal fracture (DIACF) is still debatable. The current RCT's primary objective was to compare the complications incidence after open reduction and internal fixation of DIACFs through STA vs. ELA.

Multifaceted approach to evacuating multi-level premacular hemorrhage in a case of suspected Valsalva retinopathy - a case report.

Background: Accurate localization of premacular hemorrhages (PMHs) is crucial as treatment strategies vary significantly based on whether the hemorrhage resides within the vitreous gel, subhyaloid space, or beneath the internal limiting membrane (ILM). This report outlines the clinical features, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes in a patient diagnosed with a PMH secondary to suspected Valsalva retinopathy.

Methods: This is a retrospective interventional case report.

Stakeholder perspectives on barriers and facilitators to hypertension control in urban Haiti: a qualitative study to inform a community-based hypertension management intervention.

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality and remains high in low-middle income countries like Haiti. Barriers and facilitators to achieving hypertension control in urban Haiti remain poorly understood. Elucidating these factors could lead to development of successful interventions.

Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in China: a five-year cohort study in seven screening centers.

Background: To analyze the demographic characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in China, attempting to propose optimized screening criteria and hopefully providing valuable information for future updates to the ROP guideline.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective-cohort study was conducted. The study included infants born between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2023, who underwent ROP screening and were diagnosed with ROP at seven screening centers in China.

Built environment change for injury prevention: insights from public health professionals across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Road-related injuries and deaths are among the most significant and avoidable public health problems in Canada. Modifications to the built environment (BE) can reduce injury rates for vulnerable road users (VRUs) and other priority populations who experience disproportionate risk. This paper highlights public health professionals' experiences working in injury prevention across Ontario public health units (PHUs) navigating barriers and facilitators to BE change.

Evaluating the weight-adjusted waist index as a predictive tool for sarcopenia and mortality risk.

Purpose: The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric measure. WWI is linked to reduced muscle mass and strength; however, its efficacy for assessing sarcopenia and predicting adverse outcomes has yet to be validated. This study compared and examined the relationship between sarcopenia and WWI across different diagnostic criteria and aimed to evaluate its potential as a predictor of sarcopenia and all-cause mortality.

Prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal adenocarcinoma: expanding hypotheses into clinical practice.

Purpose: This study seeks to resolve a fundamental question in oncology: Why do appendiceal and colorectal adenocarcinomas exhibit distinct liver metastasis rates? Building on our prior hypothesis published in the British Journal of Surgery, our institution has investigated potential DNA mutations within the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM5) gene's Pro-Glu-Leu-Pro-Lys (PELPK) motif to evaluate its role as a biomarker for liver metastasis risk.

Methods: Partnering with the Australian Genome Research Facility, the PELPK motif of CEACAM5 was analysed in colorectal and appendiceal adenocarcinomas to detect DNA mutations associated with liver metastasis. Additionally, our institution performed the COPPER trial to assess carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in portal versus peripheral blood in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma and a systematic review and meta-analysis of 136 studies on CEA's prognostic significance among patients with colorectal and appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

NSUN2-Mediated RNA 5-Methylcytosine Modification of PTEN Regulates Cognitive Impairments of Mice with Sleep Deprivation and Autophagy Through PI3K/AKT Signaling.

Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs learning and memory. Investigating the role of epigenetic modifications, such as 5-methylcytosine (mC), in SD is crucial. This study established an SD mouse model and assessed the mRNA levels of mC-related genes in brain tissue to identify potential candidates.

Increased acute-phase reaction after the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOEVA) compared with minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) for unilateral thyroidectomy.

Purposes: We analyzed the acute-phase response in unilateral thyroidectomy by comparing the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOEVA) with the minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT).

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to undergo either TOEVA or MIVAT, after we obtained their written informed consent to participate in this study. Blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) were measured before surgery and then 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery.

The effect of fecal bile acids on the incidence and risk-stratification of colorectal cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recent studies suggest the role of gut microbes in bile acid metabolism in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. However, the surveys of the association between fecal bile acid concentrations and colorectal cancer (CRC) have been inconsistent. We searched online to identify relevant cross-sectional and case-control studies published online in the major English language databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, AMED, and CINAHL) up to January 1, 2024.

Examination of hierarchical form perception in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus).

The perception of objects is a challenging task that requires recognizing visual elements and integrating them into a whole. While human vision prioritizes attention to the overall configuration, data from other species suggests this bias towards global form perception is not universal. Studies with pigeons indicate preferential attention to local details when both local and global information may be diagnostic, but studies with other bird species are more limited.

Home Urine Dipstick Screening for Bladder and Kidney Cancer in High-Risk Populations in England: A Microsimulation Study of Long-Term Impact and Cost-Effectiveness.

Background: Testing high-risk populations for non-visible haematuria may enable earlier detection of bladder cancer, potentially decreasing mortality. This research aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of urine dipstick screening for bladder cancer in high-risk populations in England.

Methods:  A microsimulation model developed in R software was calibrated to national incidence data by age, sex and stage, and validated against mortality data.

A Faster Privacy-Preserving Medical Image Diagnosis Scheme with Machine Learning.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become indispensable to medical image diagnosis research, enabling the automated differentiation of diseased images from extensive medical image datasets. Due to their efficacy, these methods raise significant privacy concerns regarding patient images and diagnostic models. To address these issues, some researchers have explored privacy-preserving medical image diagnosis schemes using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE).

Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, and Vestibular Areflexia as a Presentation of a Novel DNMT1 Mutation.

A 50-year-old woman with a 20-year history of gait instability presented with new-onset vertigo and oscillopsia. Examination revealed bilateral vestibular loss, cerebellar ataxia, sensory neuropathy, a "yes-yes" head tremor, nystagmus and a family history of a similar syndrome. Genetic testing for cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome (RFC1) was negative, but whole exome sequencing identified a novel mutation in the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene, broadening the differential diagnosis for this phenotype.

Perspectives of persons with mild cognitive impairment, caregivers and healthcare professionals on computer-assisted cognitive training: A multi-perspective qualitative study.

Objective: To explore the perspectives and perceptions of persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), their caregivers, and healthcare professionals on computerized cognitive training (CCT).

Material And Methods: Utilizing phenomenological research methods, 12 MCI patients, 11 caregivers, and 15 healthcare professionals were recruited. Data were collected through four focus group interviews and six semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted between March 2023 and June 2023.

Cardiac pathology associated with hypertension and chronic kidney disease in aged cats.

Hypertension is a common condition in older cats, often secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the heart is one of the organs damaged by hypertension, the pathology of the feline hypertensive (HT) heart has been poorly studied. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the gross and microscopic pathology of hearts obtained from cats at post-mortem examination and to compare cats diagnosed with hypertension with cats of similar age and kidney function for which antihypertensive treatment was not deemed clinically necessary.

Genetic evidence of the causal relationships between psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: Our primary objective is to investigate the causal relationships between 12 psychiatric disorders (PDs) and atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF).

Methods: Firstly, we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate the genetic correlations between 12 PDs and 4 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Subsequently, we performed two-sample and bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of phenotypes with significant genetic correlations to explore the causal relationships between PDs and CVDs.

Self-perceived physical fitness and occurrences of individual levels of autistic traits in adolescents: a cluster association study.

Background: The association between physical fitness and autistic traits in adolescents remains under explored, especially in adolescents. Understanding this relationship can provide strategies to improve the quality of life of these people.

Objective: To identify the association between cluster characteristics derived from levels of self-perceived physical fitness and the occurrences of individual levels of autistic traits in Brazilian adolescents.

A Coarse-Grained Simulation Approach for Protein Molecular Conformation Dynamics.

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation is widely accepted for assessment of a large complex biological system, but it may also lead to a misleading conclusion. The challenge is to simulate protein structural dynamics (such as folding-unfolding behavior) due to the lack of a necessary backbone flexibility. This study developed a standard coarse-grained model directly from the protein atomic structure and amino acid coarse-grained FF (such as MARTINI FF v2.