Combinatorial therapy with two pro-coagulants and one osmotic agent reduces the extent of the lesion in the acute phase of spinal cord injury in the rat.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex disease that leads to a motor, sensitive, and vegetative impairment. So far, single therapies are ineffective for treating SCI in humans and a multifactorial therapeutic approach may be required. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of a triple therapy (TT) associating two pro-coagulant therapies (tranexamic acid and fibrinogen) with an anti-edema therapy (hypertonic saline solution), on the extent of the lesion 24 h post-injury.

Hypoxia inhibits semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in adipocytes.

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), an enzyme highly expressed on adipocyte plasma membranes, converts primary amines into aldehydes, ammonium and hydrogen peroxide, and is likely involved in endothelial damage during the course of diabetes and obesity. We investigated whether in vitro, adipocyte SSAO was modulated under hypoxic conditions that is present in adipose tissue from obese or intensive care unit. Physical or pharmacological hypoxia decreased SSAO activity in murine adipocytes and human adipose tissue explants, while enzyme expression was preserved.

Microcirculatory alterations in traumatic hemorrhagic shock.

Objectives: Microcirculatory dysfunction has been well reported in clinical studies in septic shock. However, no clinical studies have investigated microcirculatory blood flow behavior in hemorrhagic shock. The main objective of this study was to assess the time course of sublingual microcirculation in traumatic hemorrhagic shock during the first 4 days after trauma.

Effect of norepinephrine on spinal cord blood flow and parenchymal hemorrhage size in acute-phase experimental spinal cord injury.

Purpose: In the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), ischemia and parenchymal hemorrhage are believed to worsen the primary lesions induced by mechanical trauma. To minimize ischemia, keeping the mean arterial blood pressure above 85 mmHg for at least 1 week is recommended, and norepinephrine is frequently administered to achieve this goal. However, no experimental study has assessed the effect of norepinephrine on spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and parenchymal hemorrhage size.

Rat model of spinal cord injury preserving dura mater integrity and allowing measurements of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and spinal cord blood flow.

Purposes: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure elevation may worsen spinal cord ischaemia after spinal cord injury (SCI). We developed a rat model to investigate relationships between CSF pressure and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF).

Methods: Male Wistar rats had SCI induced at Th10 (n = 7) or a sham operation (n = 10).

Real-time and spatial quantification using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of spinal cord perfusion during experimental spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Experimental study in male Wistar rats.

Objective: To quantify temporal and spatial changes simultaneously in spinal cord blood flow and hemorrhage during the first hour after spinal cord injury (SCI), using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEU).

Summary Of Background Data: Post-traumatic ischemia and hemorrhage worsen the primary lesions induced by SCI.

Modeling the role of water in Bacillus subtilis colonies.

We propose a simple cellular automaton model for the description of the evolution of a colony of Bacillus subtilis. The originality of our model lies in the fact that the bacteria can move in a pool of liquid. We assume that each migrating bacterium is surrounded by an individual pool, and the overlap of the latter gives rise to a collective pool with a higher water level.

Improving the time-machine: estimating date of birth of grade II gliomas.

Objectives: Here we present a model aiming to provide an estimate of time from tumour genesis, for grade II gliomas. The model is based on a differential equation describing the diffusion-proliferation process. We have applied our model to situations where tumour diameter was shown to increase linearly with time, with characteristic diametric velocity.

Modelling intercellular communication and its effects on tumour invasion.

We present a model aiming at the description of intercellular communication on the invasive character of gliomas. We start from a previous model of ours based on a cellular automaton and develop a new version of it in a three-dimensional geometry. Introducing the hydrodynamic limit of the automaton we obtain a macroscopic model involving a nonlinear diffusion equation.

Modeling tumor cell migration: From microscopic to macroscopic models.

It has been shown experimentally that contact interactions may influence the migration of cancer cells. Previous works have modelized this thanks to stochastic, discrete models (cellular automata) at the cell level. However, for the study of the growth of real-size tumors with several million cells, it is best to use a macroscopic model having the form of a partial differential equation (PDE) for the density of cells.

A model for short- and long-range interactions of migrating tumour cell.

We examine the consequences of long-range effects on tumour cell migration. Our starting point are previous results of ours where we have shown that the migration patterns of glioma cells are best interpreted if one assumes attractive interactions between cells. Here we complement the cellular automaton model previously introduced by the assumption of the existence of a chemorepellent produced by the main bulk of large spheroids (in the hypoxic/necrotic areas).

A model for glioma cell migration on collagen and astrocytes.

We present a model for the migration of glioma cells on substrates of collagen and astrocytes. The model is based on a cellular automaton where the various dynamical effects are introduced through adequate evolution rules. Using our model, we investigate the role of homotype and heterotype gap junction communication and show that it is possible to reproduce the corresponding experimental migration patterns.