Parental Mental Health and Child Maltreatment in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Importance of Sampling in a Quantitative Statistical Study.

Background: Results on parental burden during the COVID-19 pandemic are predominantly available from nonrepresentative samples. Although sample selection can significantly influence results, the effects of sampling strategies have been largely underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how sampling strategy may impact study results.

Attitudes Toward Psychotherapeutic Treatment and Health Literacy in a Large Sample of the General Population in Germany: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Prevalences of mental disorders are increasing worldwide. However, many people with mental health problems do not receive adequate treatment. An important factor preventing individuals from seeking professional help is negative attitudes toward psychotherapeutic treatment.

Coordinated immune networks in leukemia bone marrow microenvironments distinguish response to cellular therapy.

Understanding how intratumoral immune populations coordinate antitumor responses after therapy can guide treatment prioritization. We systematically analyzed an established immunotherapy, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), by assessing 348,905 single-cell transcriptomes from 74 longitudinal bone marrow samples of 25 patients with relapsed leukemia; a subset was evaluated by both protein- and transcriptome-based spatial analysis. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) DLI responders, we identified clonally expanded CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes with in vitro specificity for patient-matched AML.

A bi-kinase module sensitizes and potentiates plant immune signaling.

Systemic signaling is an essential hallmark of multicellular life. Pathogen encounter occurs locally but triggers organ-scale and organismic immune responses. In plants, elicitor perception provokes systemically expanding Ca and HO signals conferring immunity.

Tolerance for uncertainty and medical students' specialty choices: A myth revisited.

Background: In 1962, the idea emerged that medical students' tolerance of uncertainty could determine their specialty choice. While some studies supported this claim, others refuted it, often using independently developed instruments. We explored whether the reported link between specialty choice and uncertainty tolerance is more myth than evidence by employing established instruments to investigate whether specialty choice could be explained by variance in uncertainty tolerance.

Regulatory and retrograde signaling networks in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway.

Plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria convert light into chemical energy by means of photosynthesis, thus providing food and energy for most organisms on Earth. Photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids, are essential components that absorb the light energy necessary to drive electron transport in photosynthesis. The biosynthesis of Chl shares several steps in common with the biosynthesis of other tetrapyrroles, including siroheme, heme and phycobilins.

Effects of an intervention targeting social media app use on well-being outcomes: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Interventions targeting social media use show mixed results in improving well-being outcomes, particularly for persons with problematic forms of smartphone use. This study assesses the effectiveness of an intervention app in enhancing well-being outcomes and the moderating role of persons' perceptions about problematic smartphone use (PSU).

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, N = 70 participants, allocated to the intervention (n = 35) or control condition (n = 35), completed weekly online surveys at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up.

Confined growth by self-combustion of a Cu-based nanophase into mesostructured acid supports for DME production from CO2.

This work deals with the design of nanocomposite hydrogenation-dehydration bifunctional catalysts for the one-pot conversion of CO2 to dimethyl ether (DME), focusing on obtaining a high and homogeneous dispersion of a Cu-based CO2 hydrogenation phase into the pores of mesostructured supports. Particularly, three aluminosilicate mesostructured acid catalysts with catalytic activity towards methanol dehydration and featuring different porous structures (Al-MCM-41, Al-SBA-15, Al-SBA-16) were synthesized and used as supports to host a CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 (CZZ) CO2 hydrogenation catalyst for methanol synthesis. The use of a mesostructured support allows to maximize the exposed surface of the CO2 reduction function by nanostructuring it through its confinement within the mesochannels, thus obtaining nanocomposite bifunctional catalysts with an ultra-small hydrogenation nanophase.

Epigenomics-guided precision oncology: Chromatin variants in prostate tumor evolution.

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy that in 5%-30% leads to treatment-resistant and highly aggressive disease. Metastasis-potential and treatment-resistance is thought to rely on increased plasticity of the cancer cells-a mechanism whereby cancer cells alter their identity to adapt to changing environments or therapeutic pressures to create cellular heterogeneity. To understand the molecular basis of this plasticity, genomic studies have uncovered genetic variants to capture clonal heterogeneity of primary tumors and metastases.

RNase T2 deficiency promotes TLR13-dependent replenishment of tissue-protective Kupffer cells.

Lysosomal stress due to the accumulation of nucleic acids (NAs) activates endosomal TLRs in macrophages. Here, we show that lysosomal RNA stress, caused by the lack of RNase T2, induces macrophage accumulation in multiple organs such as the spleen and liver through TLR13 activation by microbiota-derived ribosomal RNAs. TLR13 triggered emergency myelopoiesis, increasing the number of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen.

Quantitative interpretation and modelling of continuous nonprotein respiratory quotients.

The Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), which is the ratio of total carbon dioxide produced over total oxygen consumed, serves as a qualitative measure to determine the substrate usage of a particular organism on the whole-body level. Quantification of RER by its direct conversion into %Glucose (%G) and %Lipid oxidation (%L) at a given timepoint can be done by utilizing nonprotein respiratory quotient tables. These tables, however, are limited to specific increments, and intermediate RER values are not covered by these tables.

Different PD-L1 Assays Reveal Distinct Immunobiology and Clinical Outcomes in Urothelial Cancer.

Testing for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to predict immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) benefit but has performed inconsistently in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. Different approaches are used for PD-L1 IHC. We analyzed paired PD-L1 IHC data on UC samples using the SP142 and 22C3 assays from the phase 3 IMvigor130 trial and found discordant findings summarized by four phenotypes: PD-L1 positive by both assays (PD-L1 double positive; PD-L1DP), PD-L1 positive by the SP142 assay only (SP142 single positive; SP142SP), PD-L1 positive by the 22C3 assay only (22C3 single positive; 22C3SP), and PD-L1 negative by both assays double negative (PD-L1 double negative; PD-L1DN).

Characterisation of Strains and Their Prophages That Carry Horse-Specific Leukocidin Genes .

Leukocidins of (.) are bicomponent toxins that form polymeric pores in host leukocyte membranes, leading to cell death and/or triggering apoptosis. Some of these toxin genes are located on prophages and are associated with specific hosts.

Assessing the TNM Classification for Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee: Predictive Validity for Functional and Subjective Outcomes.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following knee arthroplasty can significantly compromise patient mobility and quality of life. The newly proposed TNM classification system, adapted from oncology, categorizes PJI severity but has not yet been correlated with both subjective and objective outcomes post PJI treatment. This study evaluates the applicability of the TNM classification system for predicting outcomes in knee PJI revision surgeries.

The Representational Challenge of Integration and Interoperability in Transformed Health Ecosystems.

: Health and social care systems around the globe are currently undergoing a transformation towards personalized, preventive, predictive, participative precision medicine (5PM), considering the individual health status, conditions, genetic and genomic dispositions, etc., in personal, social, occupational, environmental, and behavioral contexts. This transformation is strongly supported by technologies such as micro- and nanotechnologies, advanced computing, artificial intelligence, edge computing, etc.

Deep-Learning-Based Reconstruction of Single-Breath-Hold 3 mm HASTE Improves Abdominal Image Quality and Reduces Acquisition Time: A Quantitative Analysis.

Breath-hold T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the upper abdomen with a slice thickness below 5 mm suffers from high image noise and blurring. The purpose of this prospective study was to improve image quality and accelerate imaging acquisition by using single-breath-hold T2-weighted HASTE with deep learning (DL) reconstruction (DL-HASTE) with a 3 mm slice thickness. MRI of the upper abdomen with DL-HASTE was performed in 35 participants (5 healthy volunteers and 30 patients) at 3 Tesla.

Necrosis in Preoperative Cross-Sectional Imaging and Postoperative Histology Is a Diagnostic Marker for Malignancy of Adrenocortical Tumors.

Necrosis in postoperative histology has been reported as being specific for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) compared to adenoma. We therefore retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of the finding of necrosis in preoperative cross-sectional imaging and postoperative histology as a marker for ACC in our patient cohort. Among the 411 adrenalectomies in 396 patients performed between 2008 and April 2022, 30 cases of ACC (7.

Exploring the Intersection of ADHD and Music: A Systematic Review.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting both children and adults, which often leads to significant difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and working memory. These challenges can impact various cognitive and perceptual domains, including music perception and performance. Despite these difficulties, individuals with ADHD frequently engage with music, and previous research has shown that music listening can serve as a means of increasing stimulation and self-regulation.

Quantum Contextual Hypergraphs, Operators, Inequalities, and Applications in Higher Dimensions.

Quantum contextuality plays a significant role in supporting quantum computation and quantum information theory. The key tools for this are the Kochen-Specker and non-Kochen-Specker contextual sets. Traditionally, their representation has been predominantly operator-based, mainly focusing on specific constructs in dimensions ranging from three to eight.

miR-223 and Chromogranin A Affect Inflammatory Immune Cell Activation in Liver Metastasis of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group originating from endocrine cells/their precursors in pancreas, small intestine, or lung. The key serum marker is chromogranin A (CgA). While commonly elevated in patients with NEN, its prognostic value is still under discussion.

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of NAD(P)H in Patients' Lymphocytes: Evaluation of Efficacy of Immunotherapy.

Background: The wide variability in clinical responses to anti-tumor immunotherapy drives the search for personalized strategies. One of the promising approaches is drug screening using patient-derived models composed of tumor and immune cells. In this regard, the selection of an appropriate in vitro model and the choice of cellular response assay are critical for reliable predictions.

A Scoping Review of Eosinophilic Pneumonia and Antidepressants: An Association Not to Be Overlooked.

: Eosinophilic pneumonias denote a rare condition, wherein infiltrating eosinophilic granulocytes accumulate within the lung parenchyma. Although eosinophilic pneumonias may be idiopathic, they are also associated with secondary causes. More than 110 medications have been linked to eosinophilic pneumonia, including several antidepressants.