Physical functioning trajectories over statutory retirement: a finnish occupational cohort study.

Background: The association of workload and performance with physical functioning is recognised among the ageing public sector workforce. The characteristics of working conditions and social- and health-related factors associated with physical functioning after statutory retirement are still unknown. Also, previous studies on changes in physical functioning have not used a person-oriented approach.

Feasible band boundaries computation in bilinear matrix decomposition using essential data.

Background: Multivariate curve resolution methods are usually confronted with non-unique pure component factors. This rotational ambiguity can be represented by ranges of feasible profiles, which are equally compatible with the imposed constraints. Sensor-wise N-BANDS is an effective algorithm for the calculation of the bounds of feasible profiles in the presence of noise, but suffers from high computational cost.

Kinetic Oscillation Stimulation for the Preventive Treatment of Chronic Migraine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial.

Background And Objectives: The Chordate System administers kinetic oscillation stimulation (K.O.S) into the nasal cavity thereby potentially modulating the activity of trigemino-autonomic reflex.

Animal and vegetal materials of mouse oocytes segregate at first zygotic cleavage: a simple mechanism that makes the 2-cell blastomeres differ reciprocally from the start.

Recent advances in embryology have shown that the sister blastomeres of 2-cell mouse and human embryos differ reciprocally in potency. An open question is whether the blastomeres became different as opposed to originating as different. Here we wanted to test two conflicting models: one proposing that each blastomere contains both animal and vegetal materials in balanced proportions because the plane of first cleavage runs close to the animal-vegetal axis of the fertilized oocyte; and the other model proposing that each blastomere contains variable proportions of animal and vegetal materials because the plane of the first cleavage can vary depending on the topology of fertilization.

Biomarkers.

Background: Speech abnormalities are increasingly recognized as a manifestation of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its preclinical and prodromal stages. Here, we investigated whether MRI measures of brain atrophy, specifically in the basal forebrain and cortical language areas, can predict cognitive decline and speech difficulties in older adults within the AD spectrum.

Method: The ongoing Prospect-AD study aims to develop an algorithm to automatically identify speech biomarkers in individuals with early signs of AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), in the absence of objective cognitive impairment, may be the first symptomatic manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have suggested that its combination with amyloid-positivity (Aβ+) may represent stage 2 AD, and is associated with a higher risk of future cognitive decline. Here, we aim to (1) confirm this using the plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, and (2) test whether the addition of plasma phospho-tau181 (ptau, a marker of Aβ and tau pathology) could help refine the prediction of future cognitive decline in SCD patients.

Biomarkers.

Background: With a global ageing population, there is an increasing demand for fast and reliable early diagnosis of individuals. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have an immense potential in assisting clinicians in diagnosing dementia. Regional atrophy patterns, which are visible in T1-weighted MRI scans, have been consistently identified by the CNNs with high accuracy.

Biomarkers.

Background: In people with Parkinson's disease (PD), mutations in GBA and LRRK2 are associated with different clinical phenotypes which might be related to differential involvement of the cholinergic system. We aimed to investigate cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) volume in asymptomatic and symptomatic mutation carriers in comparison to idiopathic PD and healthy controls and associations with cognitive decline.

Method: This study included 149 asymptomatic GBA and 169 asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers, 112 LRRK2 carriers and 60 GBA carriers with PD, 492 idiopathic PD, and 180 healthy controls from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI).

Biomarkers.

Background: Differences in task-fMRI activation have recently been found to be related to neuropathological hallmarks of AD. However, the evolution of fMRI-based activation throughout AD disease progression and its relationship with other biomarkers remains elusive. Applying a disease progression model (DPM) to a multicentric cohort with up to four annual task-fMRI visits, we hope to provide a deeper insight into these relationships.

Biomarkers.

Background: Memory clinic patients are a heterogeneous population representing various aetiologies of pathological aging. It is unknown if divergent spatiotemporal progression patterns of brain atrophy, as previously described in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, are prevalent and clinically meaningful in this group of older adults.

Method: To uncover atrophy subtypes, we applied the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to structural MRI data from 813 participants (mean ± SD age = 70.

Biomarkers.

Background: Familial Alzheimer's disease research necessitates innovative methodologies to disentangle the intricate relationships between genetic factors and neuroimaging measures. Traditional frequentist approaches, often hampered by small sample sizes in this population and challenges in incorporating prior knowledge transparently, may limit the robustness of findings.

Methods: We analyzed neuroimaging data of preclinical PSNE1 single mutation carriers, utilizing the software JASP to test effects of carrier status on measures of basal forebrain functional connectivity using both frequentist and Bayesian approach.

Biomarkers.

Background: For over three decades, the concomitance of cortical neurodegeneration and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) has sparked discussion about their coupled temporal dynamics (Garnier-Crussard et al. 2023). Longitudinal evidence supporting this hypothesis remains nonetheless scarce (Ter Telgte et al.

Biomarkers.

Background: Perivascular spaces (PVS) can become large enough to be visible in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The exact aetiology of PVS enlargement in humans remains, however, elusive and under continuous debate [1-5]. Here, we tracked PVS volumes longitudinally over three years in 525 individuals along AD syndromal cognitive stages, namely cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), to pinpoint conditions related to PVS enlargement.

Biomarkers.

Background: Amyloid PET imaging is an established diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease, but its successful integration into clinical practice requires a comprehensive understanding of its impact on patients and the healthcare system. In 2022, the coverage with evidence development (CED) ENABLE study has been approved by the German Federal Joint Committee (trial registration: DRKS00030839). The study is scheduled to start in early 2024.

Public Health.

Background: Previous research has shown that the experience of social deprivation is associated with impaired cognition in older adulthood. It has been proposed that this may be explained by social deprivation being associated with a less 'brain-healthy' lifestyle. We thus investigate mediating effects of lifestyle in the association between social deprivation and cognition.

Public Health.

Background: Recent research on preventing cognitive decline has focused on lifestyle interventions, with first studies indicating cognitive benefits and suggesting a positive link between adherence to the interventions and their effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to analyse possible predictors of this very adherence to single components of a multi-domain lifestyle intervention.

Methods: A total of n = 317 participants of the intervention group were included, characterized with an age ≥60 (mean age 68.

Public Health.

Background: The healthcare needs of People living with Dementia (PlwD) (such as Alzheimer's disease) are often unmet. Information about the needs of community-dwelling PlwD and their association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics is needed to fill the knowledge gap regarding factors influencing unmet needs among PlwD and to conduct a comprehensive needs assessment to develop tailored interventions.

Method: We analyzed baseline data of the multi-centre cluster-randomized controlled trial (InDePendent) using descriptive statistics to describe patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and Poisson regression models to predict unmet needs, separated by sex.

Public Health.

Background: Drugs with desirable and undesirable anticholinergic effects influence cognitive performance and increase the risk of dementia later in life. MRI imaging studies showed structural effect of these substances on basal forebrain and hippocampus, key regions of Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Methods: We analyzed data from 787 participants of the DELCODE study with a diagnosis of subjective cognitive impairment (SCD), mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease dementia, 1st degree relatives of people with dementia and cognitively healthy controls.

Public Health.

Background: Normal aging is associated with alterations of functional connectivity (FC) in brain neuronal networks. Altered network connectivity may be associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Physical activity is considered a beneficial lifestyle factor for maintaining cognitive health.

Public Health.

Background: Previous trials reported that collaborative Dementia Care Management (cDCM) could be cost-effective in the short term, especially for those living alone. However, long-term evidence is lacking. Therefore, the study's objective was to determine the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cDCM in those living alone compared to those living with a caregiver.

Biomarkers.

Background: Analysis of neuroimaging data based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can improve detection of clinically relevant characteristics of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our group developed a CNN-based approach for detecting AD via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and for identifying features that are relevant to the decision of the network. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential utility of applying this approach to MRI scans to assist in the identification of individuals at high risk for amyloid positivity to aid in the selection of study samples and case finding for treatment.

Biomarkers.

Background: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the decline of plasma Aß42/40 occurs before cognitive decline, presenting a potential early screening tool. However, the factors leading to the progression of the disease, specifically the increase in plasma p-Tau 181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), remain unclear. This study investigates whether perceived cognitive impairment is associated with downstream biomarker changes in individuals with decreasing Aß42/40.

Girls and Boys Typically Have Similar Math Value Beliefs: Replication Evidence Across Historical Time, High School, and Racial/Ethnic Groups.

Introduction: Individuals' math value beliefs are theorized to influence who persists in STEM. However, the existing findings on gender differences in adolescents' math value beliefs are inconsistent. The goal of this study was to use three existing datasets to help clarify when gender differences emerge for high school adolescents and for whom (i.

Developing Topics.

Background: Mnemonic discrimination tasks (MDTs) hold potential for early detection of memory changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Object and scene processing tasks differently tap into memory networks vulnerable to early tau and amyloid pathology, respectively. We used an object and scene MDT to assess longitudinal effects of AD on distinct functional memory networks and investigate their potential as markers for different disease stages.

Developing Topics.

Background: Inadequate glymphatic clearance through perivascular spaces (PVS) is hypothesized to contribute to the formation of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, longitudinal evidence for such a mechanistic link in aging remains limited. Using multivariate modelling, we investigated the interrelationship between PVS and WMH over time to elucidate potential cascades of early cerebrovascular alterations and tested whether AD-biomarkers and inflammatory markers associated with vascular disease can explain individual variability in their occurrence and progression.