[Is the use of virtual reality in otorhinolaryngology teaching automatically positively rated by students? : A questionnaire-based evaluation among students].

Background: Analogous to the situation in other disciplines, digital ENT teaching made significant progress during the pandemic. Most ENT clinics nationwide were able to offer a complete virtual teaching program in time. Innovative teaching methods were also used early on.

[Development of a German short version of the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire].

Background: The Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) is a questionnaire for assessing hearing-specific quality of life in the context of cochlear implantation. Its length (60 items) makes it difficult to use in clinical practice, so a short version is desirable. The question arises as to which items should be selected for the short version.

[Traumatology-an interdisciplinary task: exclusively for educational purposes?].

Background: Traumatology of the head and neck region is not only a part of otorhinolaryngology, but also has a large overlap with neighboring disciplines of the head and neck region. In Freiburg, an interdisciplinary lecture on "ENT emergencies" was implemented in the 21/22 winter semester. The aim was to provide an even more realistic view on interdisciplinary patient care and to make evident the areas of intersection of four of the major head disciplines (otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and maxillofacial surgery).

[Historical development of reconstructive surgery in head and neck oncology].

Reconstructive surgery is an important part of tumor surgery to the head and neck region. Large ablative tumor resections were already performed at the beginning of the 20th century, after it became possible to reduce intraoperative blood loss through improved surgical techniques or to compensate for it with transfusions. Another milestone was postoperative infection prophylaxis through the introduction of antibiotics.

[Voice diagnostics in phonosurgical interventions].

Voice diagnostics before and after phonosurgical interventions should aim at detailed planning of surgical techniques and evaluability of postoperative outcome. They should consider multimodal concepts and include measurements of perceptual voice analysis, laryngostroboscopy, voice acoustics, aerodynamics, and self-evaluation by the patients. Selected methods for voice diagnostics should reflect current knowledge and define the departmental procedure.

["Online from tomorrow on please": comparison of digital framework conditions of curricular teaching at national university ENT clinics in times of COVID-19 : Digital teaching at national university ENT clinics].

Background: The corona crisis not only affects professional activities but also teaching and learning at universities. Buzzwords, such as e‑learning and digitalization suggest the possibility of innovative teaching approaches that are readily available to solve the problems of teaching in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The current conversion to digital teaching is not primarily driven by didactic rationale or institutional strategy but by external circumstances.

[A group intervention to promote work ability in patients with head and neck cancer].

Introduction: Despite high distress the majority of head and neck cancer patients does not use any psycho-oncological counselling or psychotherapeutic support. Additionally, patients with head and neck cancer have an increased risk of not returning to work compared to other cancer patients. Therefore, we have developed a group intervention program which aims at improving work ability in patients with head and neck cancer as well as their quality of life, self-efficacy and psychological well-being.

[Prevalence, Risk Factors and Diagnostics of Hearing Impairment in Preterm Infants].

The preterm birth is clearly associated with increased risk of developing congenital hearing impairment. Therefore, special attention must be paid to the postnatal control of auditory function in all preterm infants. The present work investigates if the latest scientific findings regarding prevalence, clinical diagnostics, therapy and risk factors of hearing impairment in premature infants are regularly implemented in daily practice.

[Current Audiological Diagnostics].

Today's audiological functional diagnostics is based on a stock of hearing tests, whose large number takes account of the variety of malfunctions of a complex sensory organ system and the necessity to examine it in a differentiated manner and at any age of life. The objective is to identify nature and origin of the hearing loss and to quantify its extent as far as necessary to dispose of the information needed to initiate the adequate medical (conservative or operational) treatment or the provision with technical hearing aids or prostheses. Moreover, audiometry provides the basis for the assessment of impairment and handicap and for the calculation of the degree of disability.

[The Freiburg speech intelligibility test : A pillar of speech audiometry in German-speaking countries].

The Freiburg speech intelligibility test according to DIN 45621 was introduced around 60 years ago. For decades, and still today, the Freiburg test has been a standard whose relevance extends far beyond pure audiometry. It is used primarily to determine the speech perception threshold (based on two-digit numbers) and the ability to discriminate speech at suprathreshold presentation levels (based on monosyllabic nouns).

[Cerebral venous thrombosis: Case report and clinical procedures].

Cerebral venous and dural sinuses thrombosis (CVT) is a relatively rare but very serious disease, because of the risk of mortality. Cardinal symptoms are usually severe sudden-onset localized headaches, which may or not be accompanied by focal or generalized neurological deficits or seizures. It is particularly important to consider CVT in the presence of underlying prothrombotic conditions (genetically predisposed or acquired defects of the coagulation system) or well-known risk factors (hormonal contraception, pregnancy, puerperium, smoker status).

[The impact of cochlear implants on the quality of life of patients with single-sided deafness].

Background: Unilaterally deaf patients are increasingly supplied with a cochlear implant (CI). In the present study the change in quality of life following implantation was investigated.

Patients And Methods: The study comprised 20 postlingual CI recipients with single-sided deafness, who were divided into two groups: "normal hearing" (group 1) and "moderate impairment" (group 2) contralaterally.

[Children with specific language impairment: electrophysiological and pedaudiological findings].

Background: Auditory deficits may be at the core of the language delay in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). It was therefore hypothesized that children with SLI perform poorly on 4 tests typically used to diagnose central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) as well in the processing of phonetic and tone stimuli in an electrophysiological experiment.

Material And Methods: 14 children with SLI (mean age 61,7 months) and 16 children without SLI (mean age 64,9 months) were tested with 4 tasks: non-word repetition, language discrimination in noise, directional hearing, and dichotic listening.

[Human papillomavirus in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. A study at the Ulm Military Hospital, Germany].

There is increasing evidence worldwide that human papillomavirus is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer. Only few studies on this association have been performed in Germany to date. For the purposes of the present study, tumor specimens from 223 patients with squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were analyzed for HPV DNA and p16INK4a expression.

[Phoneme discrimination and dyslexia. Is the correlation gender-specific?].

Amongst pediatric phoniatry patients, the number of boys suspected of having dyslexia and/or an auditory processing disorder dominates over the number of girls. The aim of this study was to analyze whether there are different correlation patterns between phoneme discrimination and spelling ability in male and female children. Data from 253 children aged between 7 and 13 were analyzed retrospectively.

[Objective hearing tests in pediatric audiology: AGERA recommendations for follow-up diagnosis in infants that fail newborn hearing screening tests].

This paper presents the recommendations compiled by the German Electric Response Audiometry Working Group (Arbeitsgruppe Elektrische Reaktions-Audiometrie, AGERA) and the Association of German Audiologists and Neuro-otologists (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutschsprachiger Audiologen und Neurootologen, ADANO) for infants that fail newborn hearing screening (NHS) tests. Outlined are procedures for follow-up diagnosis using objective hearing tests to rule out or confirm a therapeutically relevant auditory defect and assessment of the severity thereof.