[Expectations of obstetrics in a large city: prepartum survey].

In recent years, obstetrics has been facing ever greater expectations on the part of its patients. An increasing number of women show a marked interest in experiencing pregnancy and delivery in a more aware and, above all, active manner. The study at hand presents the results of a survey conducted at seven obstetric departments in Vienna in which a total of 431 primiparous women were questioned with regard to their knowledge, their wishes and expectations, as well as their preparations in view of the imminent delivery.

[Efficacy of various methods for preoperative vaginal antisepsis].

In a prospective clinical study we investigated 115 patients prior to vaginal surgical interventions to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of six different procedures for vaginal antisepsis. To sample the microorganisms we used a cotton swab moistened with a neutralising fluid. Immediately after the time of action of the antiseptic procedures (3 minutes), providone-iodine solution, applied undiluted or diluted 1:10, yielded the strongest median reduction of the vaginal flora (log RF 3.

[Topical administration of oxybutynin hydrochloride in women with urge incontinence. Results of a prospective randomized double-blind study].

Detrusor instability is the second most common cause of femal urinary incontinence. Oxybutynin chloride anticholinergic action with direct muscle-relaxant properties. 39 women with persistent-urgeincontinence participated in a pilot study of intravesical oxybutynin application.

[Morbidity and mortality of retarded and normal weight premature infants].

Differences of fetal outcome between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) preterm newborns with birth weight below 2500 g and gestational age ranging from 27 to 36 weeks have been evaluated. As described by Rohrer SGA have been divided into symmetrical retarded and asymmetrical retarded newborns using ponderal index. Therefore distribution of ponderal index on our local population has been analysed.

[Control of labor onset in the human].

While the mechanism of the initiation of labor in humans has not been clarified satisfactorily, it is of major clinical interest, particularly with a view to understanding and avoiding preterm labor. Progesterone, whose role can now be determined in greater detail by the use of newly developed progesterone antagonists, and estrogens both play a role. Recently, attention has focused not only on contraction-stimulating substances such as oxytocin and prostaglandins, but also on cytokines, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of preterm labor related to intrauterine infection.

[Actinomycosis and intrauterine spiral. 4 case reports].

Genital actinomycotic infections are relatively rare and show a strong coincidence with long term IUD application. Two patients without symptoms, where diagnosis was made by means of Papanicolaou smears, were compared with two patients, where removal of a tubovarian mass led to diagnosis. A general agreement about diagnosis and especially screening tests are still missing, but there seems to be a consensus regarding the types of IUD, the duration of use, and the sexual behaviour of the patients.

[The value of the "vascular invasion" factor for prognosis of breast cancer].

The histological sections of 106 patients, who underwent a primary breast cancer operation in the years 1986 and 1987, were inspected for the presence of tumour vascular invasion. With immunohistochemical methods, tumour vessels were tomographed and the paraffin sections were stained with an antibody, which is sensitive to factor VIII-antigen. A tumour embolus was considered present, if a malignant cell was established within a positively stained lumen.

[Abdominal hysterectomy without internal peritonealization: primary vaginal closure with stapler or open and drained vagina].

The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative course in 127 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy without closure of the visceral peritoneum, who were assigned to either staple closure of the vaginal cuff or drain use. In 31 patients, the vaginal cuff was closed with absorbable staples, and in the 96 patients of the control group, vaginal drain was used. Both, the rate of postoperative complications requiring antibiotic treatment and febrile morbidity were significantly lower in the staple group.

[Drug information in hormone substitution drugs].

The package leaflets of hormone preparations used for Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in hypoestrogenaemic women contain contraindications, which are taken from the package insert of oral contraceptives: Clots in the blood vessels (thrombotic disorders), high blood fats, severe diabetes, abnormal red blood cells, deterioration of inherited deafness and jaundice not explained by infections, disturbances of the liver function and of existing or treated hormone-dependent tumours of the breast or of the lining of the womb. Numerous epidemiologic, animal-experimental and also clinical studies proved that the cardiovascular risk, hepatic discomfort and the influence on the blood system of oestradiol 17-beta have to be evaluated completely differently compared to the ethinyloestradiol used in oral contraceptives; therefore, many of the listed contraindications must be reconsidered. In our review we try to emphasise this postulation by scrutinizing recent publications.

[Breech presentation in nulliparous women--vaginal delivery or indications for primary section?].

The strategy of primary Caesarean section (I. UFK) was compared to the strategy of conservative vaginal delivery (SFK) in nulliparous women with singleton breech presentation. 160 women of the I.

[Discrepancy between Apgar score and umbilical artery pH value in the newborn infant. (Correlation to mode of delivery and fetal outcome?)].

In a retrospective study data from more than 9000 live births were analyzed. Our aim was to compare the significance of Apgar-Score and umbilical artery pH in predicting the condition and development of the newborn. We were particularly interested in three groups of patients: "Group A" included patients with a 5 minute Apgar-Score < or = 7 and a normal pH > 7,2.

[Lead, mercury and cadmium in newborn infants and their mothers].

The objective of the present study was to determine the toxic trace element status of 51 healthy Austrian women and their newborn babies. Lead, mercury and cadmium content of early breast milk, blood and urine were measured post partum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. None of the toxic trace elements could be found in elevated concentrations; the content of mercury and cadmium in milk was below limits of detection.

[Echographic evaluation of the integrity of adnexa tumors].

The preoperative diagnosis of pelvic tumours is getting more and more important. This has special relevance to the increasing possibilities of conservative management of adnexal tumours and cysts (puncturing or operating by laparoscopy). We reviewed sonographical and histological data of 514 patients, who were operated on in the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Vienna because of pelvic masses.

[Malignant lymphomas of the vulva and vagina].

Primary appearance of a malignant lymphoma in the vulvovaginal region is extremely rare. In this paper, we report on three such cases we observed during the last few years. There was no difference in clinical manifestation compared to cancer of the vulva/vagina.

[Retrospective comparative study of the treatment of tubal pregnancy by pelviscopic surgery or prostaglandin injection].

The incidence of tubal pregnancy has been increasing in recent years. The improvement in diagnostic procedures leads to an early detection of tubal pregnancies. As a result, conservative treatment modalities are more feasible today.

[The significance of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM)--and plasma oxytocin level in patients with premature labor].

In the present study, plasma oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM) concentrations were measured in 46 patients admitted for preterm labour. Gestational age ranged from 20-34 weeks. Samples were collected 12 hours before and after initiation of tocolysis.

[Drug dependence, smoking and fetal growth retardation].

Illicit drug abuse, as well as smoking, are known risk factors in the development of intrauterine growth retardation. In an attempt to clarify the influence of these two aetiological factors, a retrospective analysis was carried out. 35 drug- and nicotine-addicted pregnant women were compared to 104 smokers and 101 non-smoking controls with regard to foetal outcome.

[Dermal scars on the trunk of a newborn infant--a case of isolated amniotic band syndrome].

We report about a neonate with multiple scars born at our department. The cause of these alterations is the amniotic band disruption complex which will be discussed. This case is of forensic importance because the mother was battered in the 22nd week of gestation.

[The value of intraoperative rapid biopsy study in diagnosis of breast cancer].

432 biopsies of mammary tumours performed between 1988 and 1990 were reviewed to evaluate the accuracy of rapid frozen section diagnosis. 15 (3.47%) had to be deferred to await subsequent permanent paraffin section.

[Improvement of Doppler ultrasonography findings following transcutaneous electrostimulation in women with placental insufficiency].

Previous perinatal trials using Doppler ultrasound have demonstrated a favorable correlation between abnormal blood flow spectra and feto-maternal problems. 33 patients with manifest placental unsufficiency were subject to daily transcutaneous nerve stimulation in a 2-week therapeutic course. 23 patients of the control group were treated by bed rest over 2 weeks.

[Morphologic and functional long-term results after Vecchietti operation for the formation of a neovagina].

For creation of a neovagina in patients with congenital vaginal agenesis, a variety of operative procedures are recommended. Basically, two different procedures are described: (1) Application of pressure or traction to the perineum and (2) plastic-surgical operations. Since 1981, the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vienna, utilises the method described by Vecchietti.

[Effects of primary radiotherapy on uterine circulation in advanced cervix cancer].

We examined 11 patients suffering from advanced cervical carcinomas, who were treated primarily with radiation. The blood flow through the uterus was established by measuring the Doppler pulse flow through the arteria uterina before and after radiotherapy. In a reference group of 25 women, free from cervical carcinomas, we established a median PI of the arteria uterina of 3.

[Eye manifestations as climacteric symptom].

The menopausal syndrome consists of a variety of psychic and physical signs of different intensity. At our outpatient department for problems in menopause and prevention of osteoporosis (1. Dept.

[Hypergonadotropic amenorrhea (WHO III) as osteoporosis risk].

In 21 patients, suffering from amenorrhoeic hypergonadotropic ovarian insufficiency (age 27 +/- 3 years [FSH: 43 +/- 10, LH: 40 +/- 8]), the bone density was measured by single-photon densitometry (SPA), before starting a hormonal replacement therapy with oestrogen/progesterone. Every 5 months, the trend in bone density change was measured in all cases. The bone density before hormonal treatment was lower in the WHO III-group (1.