Development and validation of the Self-Management Assessment for the Residuum and prosThesis system designed for persons with limb loss (SMART).

Objective: To develop a system of reliable and valid knowledge assessments of self-management in persons with lower limb loss, along with the accompanying targeted educational interventions (TEIs), known as the Self-Management Assessment for the Residuum and prosThesis (SMART) system.

Design: This 2-phase study used mixed methodology. Phase 1 was development, face validation, and content validation of the 60-item knowledge assessment measure (SMART 60) and the TEI.

Enhancement of allyl isothiocyanate-evoked responses of mouse trigeminal ganglion cells by the kokumi substance γ-glutamyl-valyl-glycine (γ-EVG) through activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR).

Some γ-glutamyl peptides including glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly) and γ-glutamyl-valyl-glycine (γ-Glu-Val-Gly= γ-EVG) are reported to increase the intensity of basic tastes, such as salty, sweet, and umami, although they have no taste themselves at tested concentrations. The mechanism of action of γ-glutamyl peptides is not clearly understood, but the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) may be involved. Glutathione and γ-EVG enhance the pungency of some spices, and the present study investigated the effects of γ-EVG on the responses of trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells to thermosensitiveTRP channel agonists.

Promoter/enhancer-based controllability of regulatory networks.

Understanding the mechanisms of tissue-specific transcriptional regulation is crucial as mis-regulation can cause a broad range of diseases. Here, we investigated transcription factors (TF) that are indispensable for the topological control of tissue specific and cell-type specific regulatory networks as a function of their binding to regulatory elements on promoters and enhancers of corresponding target genes. In particular, we found that promoter-binding TFs that were indispensable for regulatory network control regulate genes that are tissue-specifically expressed and overexpressed in corresponding cancer types.

The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories and Misinformation.

Unlabelled: Numerous studies find associations between social media use and beliefs in conspiracy theories and misinformation. While such findings are often interpreted as evidence that social media causally promotes conspiracy beliefs, we theorize that this relationship is conditional on other individual-level predispositions. Across two studies, we examine the relationship between beliefs in conspiracy theories and media use, finding that individuals who get their news from social media and use social media frequently express more beliefs in some types of conspiracy theories and misinformation.

Deleterious and Protective Psychosocial and Stress-Related Factors Predict Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to: (1) Identify (early in pregnancy) psychosocial and stress-related factors that predict risk of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB, gestational age <37 weeks); (2) Investigate whether "protective" factors (e.g., happiness/social support) decrease risk; (3) Use the Dhabhar Quick-Assessment Questionnaire for Stress and Psychosocial Factors (DQAQ-SPF) to rapidly quantify harmful or protective factors that predict increased or decreased risk respectively, of PTB.

Intra-operative referencing technique is non-inferior to use of fluoroscopy for acetabular component positioning in anterior hip arthroplasty.

Background: Intra-operative fluoroscopy has been shown to improve the accuracy of acetabular component positioning when compared to no fluoroscopy in direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA). Due to logistical reasons, our senior author has been performing DAA THA at one institution without the use of fluoroscopy and has created an intraoperative referencing technique to aid in acetabular component positioning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of acetabular component positioning using fluoroscopy when compared to an intra-operative referencing technique without fluoroscopy.

Use of Mueller matrix colposcopy in the characterization of cervical collagen anisotropy.

Annually, about 15 million preterm infants are born in the world. Of these, due to complications resulting from their premature birth, about 1 million would die before the age of five. Since the high incidence of preterm birth (PTB) is partially due to the lack of effective diagnostic modalities, methodologies are needed to determine risk of PTB.

Protein-protein interactions of human viruses.

Viruses infect their human hosts by a series of interactions between viral and host proteins, indicating that detailed knowledge of such virus-host interaction interfaces are critical for our understanding of viral infection mechanisms, disease etiology and the development of new drugs. In this review, we primarily survey human host-virus interaction data that are available from public databases following the standardized PSI-MS format. Notably, available host-virus protein interaction information is strongly biased toward a small number of virus families including herpesviridae, papillomaviridae, orthomyxoviridae and retroviridae.

Beyond degree and betweenness centrality: Alternative topological measures to predict viral targets.

The availability of large-scale screens of host-virus interaction interfaces enabled the topological analysis of viral protein targets of the host. In particular, host proteins that bind viral proteins are generally hubs and proteins with high betweenness centrality. Recently, other topological measures were introduced that a virus may tap to infect a host cell.

Proteome Data Improves Protein Function Prediction in the Interactome of .

is a common pathogen that is estimated to infect half of the human population, causing several diseases such as duodenal ulcer. Despite one of the first pathogens to be sequenced, its proteome remains poorly characterized as about one-third of its proteins have no functional annotation. Here, we integrate and analyze known protein interactions with proteomic and genomic data from different sources.

Childhood adversities in patients with fibromyalgia: are they related to comorbid lifetime major depression?

Objectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of unknown aetiology that is frequently associated with depressive disorders, and childhood adversities (including maltreatment and parental loss) are frequently described in subjects with FM and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the high percentage of childhood adversities reported by patients with FM is related to FM itself or to a comorbid lifetime depressive disorder.

Methods: Ninety-four consecutive FM patients were assessed for lifetime major depression using the DSM-IVSCID-CV interview.

Structure-based prediction of host-pathogen protein interactions.

The discovery, validation, and characterization of protein-based interactions from different species are crucial for translational research regarding a variety of pathogens, ranging from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to HIV-1. Here, we review recent advances in the prediction of host-pathogen protein interfaces using structural information. In particular, we observe that current methods chiefly perform machine learning on sequence and domain information to produce large sets of candidate interactions that are further assessed and pruned to generate final, highly probable sets.

Comprehensive Analysis of Established Dyslipidemia-Associated Loci in the Diabetes Prevention Program.

Background: We assessed whether 234 established dyslipidemia-associated loci modify the effects of metformin treatment and lifestyle intervention (versus placebo control) on lipid and lipid subfraction levels in the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized controlled trial.

Methods And Results: We tested gene treatment interactions in relation to baseline-adjusted follow-up blood lipid concentrations (high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) and lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations and size in 2993 participants with pre-diabetes. Of the previously reported single-nucleotide polymorphism associations, 32.

MR Imaging Radiomics Signatures for Predicting the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence as Given by Research Versions of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 Gene Assays.

Purpose To investigate relationships between computer-extracted breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging phenotypes with multigene assays of MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, and PAM50 to assess the role of radiomics in evaluating the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Materials and Methods Analysis was conducted on an institutional review board-approved retrospective data set of 84 deidentified, multi-institutional breast MR examinations from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Imaging Archive, along with clinical, histopathologic, and genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The data set of biopsy-proven invasive breast cancers included 74 (88%) ductal, eight (10%) lobular, and two (2%) mixed cancers.

Is panic disorder associated with clinical severity of fibromyalgia? A preliminary study in a tertiary-care centre.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of panic disorder (PD) with/without agoraphobia on the clinical severity of fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods: Eighty-one patients with FM, among those consecutively referring to a tertiary-care setting, were included in this cross-sectional study. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by the structured clinical interview in accordance with the 4th-TR version of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

The EHEC-host interactome reveals novel targets for the translocated intimin receptor.

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) manipulate their human host through at least 39 effector proteins which hijack host processes through direct protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To identify their protein targets in the host cells, we performed yeast two-hybrid screens, allowing us to find 48 high-confidence protein-protein interactions between 15 EHEC effectors and 47 human host proteins.

Protein-protein Interaction Networks of E. coli and S. cerevisiae are similar.

Only recently novel high-throughput binary interaction data in E. coli became available that allowed us to compare experimentally obtained protein-protein interaction networks of prokaryotes and eukaryotes (i.e.