38 results match your criteria: "Univ. of Connecticut[Affiliation]"

Arsenic (As) contamination in wells is common throughout the northeastern United States. It is well documented that lead-arsenate (PbHAsO ) pesticides were widely used on fruit tree orchards from the 1890s to 1950s. This study evaluates the potential for As contamination of groundwater from former orchards in Connecticut, where there were over 47,000 orchards in 1935.

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Article Synopsis
  • Fourier ptychography (FP) is a computational imaging technique for high-resolution images, but it struggles with optical aberration, which affects image quality.
  • The authors developed a neural network model to accurately estimate aberrations and produce artifact-free reconstructions, utilizing TensorFlow for optimization.
  • Tests showed this method offers improved robustness against optical distortions and enhances image clarity by minimizing artifacts, paving the way for better imaging solutions through a neural network approach.
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In this study, bacteria community analysis was performed to supplement a preexisting evaluation of nitrate contamination in drinking water wells at a coastal site in Old Lyme, CT. Given well usage and coastal hydrogeologic conditions, the source(s) of nitrate contamination in domestic wells could not be discerned between local septic systems or a nearby farm where organic fertilizers were used. Groundwater bacteria communities are known to be sensitive to a variety of environmental conditions.

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Microstructural analyses of Cr(VI) speciation in chromite ore processing residue from the soda ash process.

J Hazard Mater

July 2020

Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States. Electronic address:

The microstructure of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) derived from the soda ash roasting process was investigated prior to and after removal of water exchangeable chromate using a host of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Soda ash COPR consists mostly of a magnesioferrite (MgFeO) matrix that has substantial substitution of trivalent chromium (Cr) for iron. The chromite particles are generally larger than the overall particle size distribution of COPR, containing most of the Cr mass in areas that are greater than 20 μm in diameter; chromite particles are also associated with most of the non-exchangeable hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)), even though the binding mechanism is not well understood.

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Hops and the components extracted from them are well known antibacterial agents used in beers and as food preservatives, in formulations for topical applications on their own or together with other antimicrobial agents, in hormone replacement therapy, as antioxidants, tumor development antagonists, and angiogenesis inhibitors. Their shortcomings: very low bioavailability, bitter taste, and susceptibility to oxidative decomposition have limited their applications. We propose nanosized chitosan, an inexpensive, readily available biopolymer with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, as carrier for lupulone (L) and xanthohumol (X), two components of hops.

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Unlabelled: Fresh beef color stability is a muscle-specific trait. Mitochondria remain biochemically active in postmortem beef muscles and influence meat color. Although several intrinsic factors governing muscle-specific beef color have been studied extensively, the role of mitochondrial functionality in muscle-dependent color stability is yet to be examined.

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Central Core Laboratory versus Site Interpretation of Coronary CT Angiography: Agreement and Association with Cardiovascular Events in the PROMISE Trial.

Radiology

April 2018

From the Cardiac PET MR CT Program, Massachusetts General Hosp and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.T.L., N.M.M., T.M., D.O.B., H.E., S.B.P., B.B.G., B.F., M.E.M., M.F., U.H.); School of Business Studies, Stralsund Univ of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, Germany (T.M.); Dept of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Friedrich Alexander Univ Hosp, Erlangen, Germany (D.O.B., S.A.); Dept of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, Medical Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.B.P.); Delmarva Health LLC, Salisbury, Md (S.H.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Connecticut Health Ctr, Farmington, Conn (C.Y.); Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (Q.A.T.); Duke Clinical Research Inst, Duke Univ School of Medicine, Durham, NC (M.R.P., P.S.D.); and Knight Cardiovascular Inst, Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, Ore (M.F.).

Purpose To assess concordance and relative prognostic utility between central core laboratory and local site interpretation for significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods In the Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain (PROMISE) trial, readers at 193 North American sites interpreted coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography as part of the clinical evaluation of stable chest pain. Readers at a central core laboratory also interpreted CT angiography blinded to clinical data, site interpretation, and outcomes.

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Niche Overlap and Network Specialization of Flower-Visiting Bees in an Agricultural System.

Neotrop Entomol

December 2014

Lab de Entomologia, Univ Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44031-460, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil.

Different resource use strategies manifest as differences in the realized niches of species. Niche segregation may involve several dimensions of the niche, such as diet, space, and time. We measured the level of redundancy and complementarity of a bee-plant interaction network in an agricultural system.

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An Elegant Algorithm for the Construction of Suffix Arrays.

J Discrete Algorithms (Amst)

July 2014

Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

The suffix array is a data structure that finds numerous applications in string processing problems for both linguistic texts and biological data. It has been introduced as a memory efficient alternative for suffix trees. The suffix array consists of the sorted suffixes of a string.

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In colon tumors, the transcription of many genes becomes deregulated by poorly defined epigenetic mechanisms that have been studied mainly in established cell lines. In this study, we used frozen human colon tissues to analyze patterns of histone modification and DNA cytosine methylation in cancer and matched normal mucosa specimens. DNA methylation is strongly targeted to bivalent H3K4me3- and H3K27me3-associated promoters, which lose both histone marks and acquire DNA methylation.

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Dental extraction as a risk factor for bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients: an update.

Odontostomatol Trop

June 2013

Division of Orthodontics, Dpt of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Univ. of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.

Unlabelled: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a complication related to the use of bisphosphonates (BPs). Patients receiving BPs for the treatment of malignancies are at an increased risk of developing bisphosphonate-related ONJ (BRONJ) as compared to patients receiving BPs for the treatment of other disorders such as osteoporosis. Additionally, tooth extractions have been suggested to increase the risk of BRONJ in individuals taking BPs.

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This study investigated the efficacy of 3 GRAS-status, plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), carvacrol (CR), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) applied as an antimicrobial wash for killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apples. "Red delicious" apples inoculated with a 5 strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 were subjected to washing in sterile deionized water containing 0% PDA (control), 0.

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Caribbean Sea Region Pyrrhocoroidea (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae, Largidae).

Neotrop Entomol

August 2013

Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ of Connecticut, U-3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA.

A synopsis of the Pyrrhocoridae and Largidae (Pyrrhocoroidea) of the Caribbean Sea Region is given. Three new taxa are described: Dysdercus jamaicensis jindrai Stehlík n. subsp.

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Article Synopsis
  • Hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations are important for processing information and coordinating inputs to neurons, and are influenced by cholinergic signals.
  • Aging negatively affects the hippocampus and cholinergic function, leading to memory impairments, which can be partially reversed with cholinomimetics like physostigmine.
  • In a maze exploration study, older animals showed less theta activity in familiar settings but an increase with new configurations, indicating that while theta activity is linked to new information encoding, gamma oscillations showed weaker age-related effects.
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Assay dilution factors confound measures of total antioxidant capacity in polyphenol-rich juices.

J Food Sci

February 2012

Dept of Nutritional Sciences, Univ of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.

Unlabelled: The extent to which sample dilution factor (DF) affects total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values is poorly understood. Thus, we examined the impact of DF on the ORAC, FRAP, DPPH, and total phenols (TP) assays using pomegranate juice (PJ), grape juice (GJ), selected flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and ellagic acid. For ORAC, GJ was comparable to PJ at DF 750, but at DF 2000, the ORAC value of GJ was 40% more than PJ.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the tuning of inferior colliculus (IC) neurons in unanesthetized rabbits to sound-source azimuth over a full 360° range and at various stimulus levels, which hasn't been done before.
  • Findings show that the top-performing neurons maintain azimuth tuning across a range of sound levels, with notable adaptations in the way they respond to binaural versus contralateral ear stimulation.
  • Specifically, as stimulus levels increase, azimuth tuning shifts directionally and becomes less reliable, highlighting the complexities of how the brain processes spatial auditory information.
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CNTF 1357 G -> A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to resistance training.

J Appl Physiol (1985)

October 2009

Department of Kinesiology & Human Performance Laboratory, Neag School of Education, Univ. of Connecticut, Gampel Pavilion Rm. 206, 2095 Hillside Rd., U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.

The present study examined associations between the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) 1357 G --> A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to a unilateral, upper arm resistance-training (RT) program among healthy, young adults. Subjects were 754 Caucasian men (40%) and women (60%) who were genotyped and performed a training program of the nondominant (trained) arm with the dominant (untrained) arm as a comparison. Peak elbow flexor strength was measured with one repetition maximum, isometric strength with maximum voluntary contraction, and bicep cross-sectional area with MRI in the trained and untrained arms before and after training.

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The degree to which lipid and myoglobin (Mb) oxidation processes interact in meat can be species-specific. We investigated the effects of beef and pork sarcoplasmic extracts containing different Mb concentrations on lipid oxidation in a liposome system. Sarcoplasm was extracted from beef and pork longissimus dorsi and psoas major muscles.

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Effect of resistance exercise on muscle steroidogenesis.

J Appl Physiol (1985)

December 2008

Human Performance Laboratory, Dept. of Kinesiology, 2095 Hillside Road, Unit-1110, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.

Circulating testosterone is elevated acutely following resistance exercise (RE) and is an important anabolic hormone for muscle adaptations to resistance training. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of heavy RE on intracrine muscle testosterone production in young resistance-trained men and women. Fifteen young, highly resistance-trained men (n = 8; 21 +/- 1 yr, 175.

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Role of P2X purinergic receptors in the rescue of ischemic heart failure.

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

September 2008

Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Ctr., MC-3946, Univ. of Connecticut Health Ctr., 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.

Evidence is accumulating to support the presence of P2X purinergic receptors in the heart. However, the biological role of this receptor remains to be defined. The objectives here were to determine the role of cardiac P2X receptors in modulating the progression of post-myocardial infarction ischemic heart failure and to investigate the underlying mechanism.

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Hepatic Mrp4 induction following acetaminophen exposure is dependent on Kupffer cell function.

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol

August 2008

Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Rd., Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA.

During acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity, increased expression of multidrug resistance-associated proteins 2, 3, and 4 (Mrp2-4) occurs. Mrp4 is the most significantly upregulated transporter in mouse liver following APAP treatment. Although the expression profiles of liver transporters following APAP hepatotoxicity are well characterized, the regulatory mechanisms contributing to these changes remain unknown.

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The frequency and intensities of dust exposures in and near farm fields, which potentially contribute to high intensity human exposure events, are undocumented due to the transient nature of local dust plumes and the difficulties of making accurate concentration measurements. The objective of this study is to measure near-field spatial concentrations of the dust plumes emitted during tilling and harvesting of an irrigated cotton field outside of Las Cruces, NM (soil class: fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Calciargid). A comparison of remote lidar measurements of plumes emitted from cotton field operations with in situ samplers shows a strong agreement between the two techniques: r2 = 0.

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Tocotrienols, isomers of vitamin E, have been found to possess many health benefits. The present study was designed to determine whether tocotrienol has a direct cardioprotective role. Isolated rat hearts were perfused for 15 min with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer in the absence or presence of palm tocotrienol derived from the tocotrienol-rich fraction (0.

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