Targeted delivery of flagellin by nebulization offers optimized respiratory immunity and defense against pneumococcal pneumonia.

Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat pneumonia caused by strains resistant to standard-of-care antibiotics. Previous studies have shown that targeted stimulation of lung innate immune defenses through intranasal administration of the Toll-like receptor 5 agonist flagellin improves the treatment of pneumonia when combined with antibiotics. To promote translation to the clinic application, this study assessed the direct delivery of flagellin to the airways through nebulization using a vibrating mesh nebulizer in mice.

[Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary kidney cancer].

The incidence of primary renal cancer is increasing, particularly in elderly patients who may have comorbidities and/or a surgical contraindications. Stereotactic body radiotherapy has primarily been evaluated retrospectively to date. The most commonly used dose schedules are 40Gy in five fractions, 42Gy in three fractions, and 26Gy in one fraction.

The MANA (MANagement of Atolls, 2017-2022) project for pearl oyster aquaculture management in the Central Pacific Ocean using modelling approaches: Overview of first results.

This editorial presents results of the MANA (MANagement of Atolls) project compiled in the form of a Marine Pollution Bulletin collection of 14 articles. MANA is a project funded by the French Agence National pour la Recherche that specifically addresses the development of knowledge and management tools for pearl farming atolls, with a focus on the spat collecting activity in French Polynesia. The 14 papers cover the range of thematic tasks described in the initial project, including atoll geomorphology and bathymetry, climate forcing, atoll lagoon and rim hydrodynamics, typology of atolls, evaluation of remote sensing data for monitoring atoll lagoons, and development of numerical models and spatially-explicit tools that altogether have contributed to the applied objectives.

Diversity and ecology of Radiolaria in modern oceans.

Among the many inhabitants of planktonic communities, several lineages have biomineralized intricate skeletons. These have existed for millions of years and include the Radiolaria, a group of marine protists, many of which bear delicate mineral skeletons of different natures. Radiolaria are well known for their paleontological signatures, but little is known about the ecology of modern assemblages.

On the need for integrating cancer into the One Health perspective.

Recent pandemics have highlighted the urgency to connect disciplines studying animal, human, and environment health, that is, the "One Health" concept. The One Health approach takes a holistic view of health, but it has largely focused on zoonotic diseases while not addressing oncogenic processes. We argue that cancers should be an additional key focus in the One Health approach based on three factors that add to the well-documented impact of humans on the natural environment and its implications on cancer emergence.

A macroscopic object passively cooled into its quantum ground state of motion beyond single-mode cooling.

The nature of the quantum-to-classical crossover remains one of the most challenging open question of Science to date. In this respect, moving objects play a specific role. Pioneering experiments over the last few years have begun exploring quantum behaviour of micron-sized mechanical systems, either by passively cooling single GHz modes, or by adapting laser cooling techniques developed in atomic physics to cool specific low-frequency modes far below the temperature of their surroundings.

InterCarb: A Community Effort to Improve Interlaboratory Standardization of the Carbonate Clumped Isotope Thermometer Using Carbonate Standards.

Increased use and improved methodology of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has greatly enhanced our ability to interrogate a suite of Earth-system processes. However, interlaboratory discrepancies in quantifying carbonate clumped isotope (Δ) measurements persist, and their specific sources remain unclear. To address interlaboratory differences, we first provide consensus values from the clumped isotope community for four carbonate standards relative to heated and equilibrated gases with 1,819 individual analyses from 10 laboratories.

Dynamics of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in the Chalk aquifer of northern France.

The Chalk aquifer used for drinking-water production in the southwest of the Lille European Metropolis is threatened by the presence of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CHCs), their concentrations in groundwater regularly exceeding the regulatory limits for drinking water in France. This hinders its use for drinking-water production. Understanding the dynamics and spatial distribution of CHC in the aquifer is a key factor for resource sustainability.

Formation and removal of disinfection by-products in a full scale drinking water treatment plant.

In this case study, high sensitivity simple methods for the analysis of trihalomethanes (THM4), iodinated-trihalomethanes (I-THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), bromide, iodide and iodate have been developed. A one-step procedure for the analysis of haloacetic acids by head-space GC-MS provides good reproducibility and low limits of quantification (≤50 ng L). These methods were applied to characterize the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in a full scale drinking water treatment plant.

Scaling laws of cell-fate responses to transient stress.

Analysis and modelling of dose-survival curves of cells and tissues are often used to assess therapeutic efficacy or environmental risks, much less to infer the intracellular regulatory mechanisms of cellular stress response. However, systematic measurements of how cell survival depends on the time profile of stress, such as exposure duration, provide practical means to decipher the homeostatic dynamics of stress-response regulatory networks. In this paper, we propose a dynamical framework to theoretically address the relationship between cell fate response to a transient stress and the underlying regulatory feedback mechanisms.

Relevance of Detection of Mechanisms of Resistance to ALK Inhibitors in ALK-Rearranged NSCLC in Routine Practice.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown efficacy in the treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the disease eventually progresses in all patients. In many cases, resistance to ALK TKIs arises through ALK mutations. Although clinical and biological data suggest variations in TKI efficacy according to the mechanism of resistance, ALK mutations are still rarely investigated in routine practice.

Natural organic matter-cations complexation and its impact on water treatment: A critical review.

The quality and quantity of natural organic matter (NOM) has been observed to evolve which poses challenges to water treatment facilities. Even though NOM may not be toxic itself, its presence in water has aesthetic effects, enhances biological growth in distribution networks, binds with pollutants and controls the bioavailability of trace metals. Even though NOM has heterogeneous functional groups, the predominant ones are the carboxyl and the phenolic groups, which have high affinities for metals depending on the pH.

Assessment of the treatment efficiency of an urban stormwater pond and its impact on the natural downstream watercourse.

During the last few decades, stormwater ponds have become an alternative management practice in order to avoid flooding and to contain rainwater and runoff in urban areas where impervious land cover has increased. A second purpose of stormwater ponds is to improve the quality of runoff water that is usually contaminated with nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and organic micropollutants. Processes used are based on natural methods such as settlement and contribute to minimize the impact of these inputs to the natural aquatic system.

Chloroplastic and nuclear diversity of wild beets at a large geographical scale: Insights into the evolutionary history of the section.

Historical demographic processes and mating systems are believed to be major factors in the shaping of the intraspecies genetic diversity of plants. Among Caryophyllales, the section of the genus within the Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae alliance, is an interesting study model with species and subspecies (, , and differing in geographical distribution and mating system. In addition, one of the species, , mainly diploid, varies in its level of ploidy with a tetraploid cytotype described in the Canary Islands and in Portugal.

Comparison of POCIS passive samplers vs. composite water sampling: A case study.

The relevance of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) was evaluated for the assessment of concentrations of 46 pesticides and 19 pharmaceuticals in a small, peri-urban river with multi-origin inputs. Throughout the period of POCIS deployment, 24h-average water samples were collected automatically, and showed the rapid temporal evolution of concentrations of several micropollutants, as well as permitting the calculation of average concentrations in the water phase for comparison with those estimated from POCIS passive samplers. In the daily water samples, cyproconazol, epoxyconazol and imidacloprid showed high temporal variations with concentrations ranging from under the limit of detection up to several hundreds of ngL.