Evidence for correlated electron pairs and triplets in quantum Hall interferometers.

The pairing of electrons is ubiquitous in electronic systems featuring attractive inter-electron interactions, as exemplified in superconductors. Counterintuitively, it can also be mediated in certain circumstances by the repulsive Coulomb interaction alone. Quantum Hall (QH) Fabry-Pérot interferometers (FPIs) tailored in a two-dimensional electron gas under a perpendicular magnetic field have been argued to exhibit such an unusual electron pairing, seemingly without attractive interactions.

Impacts of paternal transmission of PCBs and global warming on the evolution of pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) during the early life stages of a cold stenothermic fish (Arctic charr).

In the context of strong historical and climate anthropological pressure, we studied the impact of paternal transmission of PCBs on offspring of the stenothermic salmonid, Artic charr. Indeed, the transgenerational effects of maternal transmission are widely studied, unlike the paternal effect, which is often limited to epigenetic impacts. The study aims to test the effects of temperature and PCBs on the Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), whose population within the perialpine lakes has remained low for about a decade.

Molecular Hydrophobicity Signature in Charged Bidimensional Clay Materials.

The unraveling of the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity molecular signature of nanometric bidimensional confined systems represents a challenging task with repercussions in environmental transport processes. Swelling clay minerals represent an ideal model system, as hydrophobicity can be modified during material synthesis by substituting hydroxyls by fluorine in the structure, without additional surface treatment. This following work presents a combined approach, integrating experimental inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, with the objective of advancing our understanding of the role of surface hydroxylation/fluorination and the extent of confinement on water properties.

Synthetic rescue of Xeroderma Pigmentosum C phenotype via PIK3C3 downregulation.

Xeroderma Pigmentosum C is a dermal hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the DNA damage recognition protein XPC that belongs to the Nucleotide excision repair pathway. XPC patients display heightened sensitivity to light and an inability to mend DNA damage caused by UV radiation, resulting in the accumulation of lesions that can transform into mutations and eventually lead to cancer. To address this issue, we conducted a screening of siRNAs targeting human kinases, given their involvement in various DNA repair pathways, aiming to restore normal cellular behavior.

Investigating the formation of metal nitride complexes employing a tetradentate bis-carbene bis-phenolate ligand.

The synthesis of Mn and Cr nitride complexes of a pro-radical tetradentate bis-phenol bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand H2LC2O2 was investigated. Employing either azide photolysis of the Mn precursor complex MnLC2O2(N3) or a nitride exchange reaction between MnLC2O2(Br) and the nitride exchange reagent Mnsalen(N) failed to provide a useful route to the target nitride MnLC2O2(N). Experimental results support initial formation of the target nitride MnLC2O2(N), however, the nitride rapidly inserts into a Mn-C bond.

Physiotherapists as first-contact practitioners for patients with low back pain in French primary care: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: A new model of care enables French physiotherapists (PT) working in collaboration with family physicians (FP) to expand their usual scope of practice for patients with acute low back pain (LBP). The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of this new first-contact physiotherapy (FCP) advanced practice model compared to usual FP care.

Methods: A multicentre pragmatic non-inferiority cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) has been conducted in six multidisciplinary primary healthcare centres in France.

Regional ice flow piracy following the collapse of Midgaard Glacier in Southeast Greenland.

Southeast Greenland contributes significantly to global sea level rise, with mass loss having increased by about 600% over the past 30 years due to enhanced melt and dynamic instabilities of marine-terminating glaciers. Accurate modelling of glacier dynamics is crucial to minimise uncertainties in predictions of future sea level rise, necessitating detailed reconstructions of long-term glacial histories. One key complexity in these models that is not well understood or documented is ice flow piracy, where ice is redirected between catchment basins, significantly influencing regional glacier dynamics and mass balance.

Opposite effects of low and high frequency deep brain stimulation of lateral hypothalamus on arousal and temperature in a monkey pilot study.

Deep brain stimulation is a well-established treatment for improving motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. However, persistent non-motor symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, remain a significant challenge and necessitate further investigation. In this study, we conducted repeated measurements of daytime sleepiness using a modified multiple sleep latency test in a healthy monkey (macaca fascicularis), which was later rendered parkinsonian through MPTP administration.

[Learning to think like a nurse: teaching theories of care].

As nursing sciences develop in France, the teaching of nursing theories in initial training and at university enables nurses to apply their own clinical judgment. Learning and mobilizing several theories, both broad-spectrum and intermediate, encourages critical analysis of care situations, the development of nursing thinking and, ultimately, improved quality of care.

Selecting relevant structural features for glassy dynamics by information imbalance.

We numerically investigate the identification of relevant structural features that contribute to the dynamical heterogeneity in a model glass-forming liquid. By employing the recently proposed information imbalance technique, we select these features from a range of physically motivated descriptors. This selection process is performed in a supervised manner (using both dynamical and structural data) and an unsupervised manner (using only structural data).

3-D intrinsic attenuation tomography using ambient seismic noise applied to La Palma Island (Canary Islands).

The potential of the island of La Palma (Canary Islands) to host geothermal resources is very high, mainly due to its high volcanic activity. The primary goal of this study is to get a tridimensional image of the seismic intrinsic attenuation using ambient seismic noise and to identify anomalies that may be linked to active geothermal reservoirs on La Palma island. For this purpose, we developed a new Ambient Noise Attenuation Tomography (ANAT) technique, which uses seismic ambient noise for imaging intrinsic attenuation in 3-D at a local scale down to 5 km depth.

Enhanced CRISPR-Cas9 RNA system delivery using cell penetrating peptides-based nanoparticles for efficient in vitro and in vivo applications.

CRISPR-Cas9 system has emerged as a revolutionary gene-editing tool with huge therapeutic potential for addressing the underlying genetic causes of various diseases, including cancer. However, there are challenges such as the delivery method that must be overcome for its clinical application. In addition to the risk of nuclease degradation and rapid clearance of the CRISPR-Cas9 system by macrophages, the large size of Cas9, the high anionic charge density and hydrophilic nature of the RNA hinder their intracellular delivery and overall gene transfection efficiency.

Ultra-low noise measurements of ionic transport within individual single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Despite 15 years of extensive investigation, the fabrication and study of nanofluidic devices that incorporate a single carbon nanotube (CNT) still represents a remarkable experimental challenge. In this study, we present the fabrication of nanofluidic devices that integrate an individual single-walled CNT (SWCNT), showcasing a notable reduction in noise by 1-3 orders of magnitude compared to conventional devices. This achievement was made possible by employing high dielectric constant materials for both the substrate and the CNT-covering layer.

Comparison of surgical management and outcomes of acute right colic and sigmoid diverticulitis: a French national retrospective cohort study.

Background: Acute right colic diverticulitis (ARD) is less frequent in Western countries than acute sigmoid diverticulitis (ASD). We aimed to compare the management of ARD and ASD operated on in emergency.

Methods: All consecutive patients who had emergency surgery for ASD and ARD (2010-2021) were included in a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study.

Business-as-usual trends will largely miss 2030 global conservation targets.

To address climate change and global biodiversity loss, the world must hit three important international conservation targets by 2030: protect 30% of terrestrial and marine areas, halt and reverse forest loss, and restore 350 Mha of degraded and deforested landscapes. Here, we (1) provide estimates of the gaps between these globally agreed targets and business-as-usual trends; (2) identify examples of rapid past trend-shifts towards achieving the targets; and (3) link these past trend-shifts to different levers. Our results suggest that under a business-as-usual scenario, the world will fail to achieve all three targets.

Event-based high-resolution neutron image formation analysis using intensified CMOS cameras.

We present a versatile optical setup for high-resolution neutron imaging with an adaptable field of view and magnification that can resolve individual neutron absorption events with an image intensifier and a CMOS camera. Its imaging performance is characterized by evaluating the resolution limits of the individual optical components and resulting design aspects are discussed. Neutron radiography measurements of a Siemens star pattern were performed in event mode acquisition comparing two common high-resolution neutron scintillators, crystalline Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) and powdered Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GOS).

Performance of uncertainty-based active learning for efficient approximation of black-box functions in materials science.

Obtaining a fine approximation of a black-box function is important for understanding and evaluating innovative materials. Active learning aims to improve the approximation of black-box functions with fewer training data. In this study, we investigate whether active learning based on uncertainty sampling enables the efficient approximation of black-box functions in regression tasks using various material databases.

White matter microstructure in obesity and bipolar disorders: an ENIGMA bipolar disorder working group study in 2186 individuals.

Although specific risk factors for brain alterations in bipolar disorders (BD) are currently unknown, obesity impacts the brain and is highly prevalent in BD. Gray matter correlates of obesity in BD have been well documented, but we know much less about brain white matter abnormalities in people who have both obesity and BD. We obtained body mass index (BMI) and diffusion tensor imaging derived fractional anisotropy (FA) from 22 white matter tracts in 899 individuals with BD, and 1287 control individuals from 20 cohorts in the ENIGMA-BD working group.

French translation and transcultural adaptation of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI).

Background: A French version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is currently unavailable for clinical and research use in French-speaking countries.

Objectives: To translate and transculturally adapt the Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI) from English to French language.

Design: Translation and transcultural adaptation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure.

[Evaluate the host cellular immune response to better prevent and diagnose viral infections].

In medicine, virological diagnosis is mainly based on the detection of the viral genome and antigens, or on the identification of specific antibodies produced in response to infection. These strategies are suitable for characterizing an active infection or past contact with an already known virus. The recent development of tests for evaluating the host's cellular immune response opens new perspectives for personalized patient care based on immunomonitoring.

Submicrometre spatiotemporal characterization of the Toxoplasma adhesion strategy for gliding motility.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan apicomplexan parasite that uses an adhesion-dependent mode of motility termed gliding to access host cells and disseminate into tissues. Previous studies on Apicomplexa motile morphotypes, including the T. gondii tachyzoite, have identified a cortical actin-myosin motor system that drives the rearward translocation of transmembrane adhesins, thus powering forward movement.