High diversity of crustose coralline algae microbiomes across species and islands, and implications for coral recruits.

Background: Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) play a crucial role in coral reef ecosystems, contributing significantly to reef formation and serving as substrates for coral recruitment. The microbiome associated with CCAs may promote coral recruitment, yet these microbial communities remain largely understudied. This study investigates the microbial communities associated with a large number of different CCA species across six different islands of French Polynesia, and assess their potential influence on the microbiome of coral recruits.

The sensory shark: high-quality morphological, genomic and transcriptomic data for the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula reveal the molecular bases of sensory organ evolution in jawed vertebrates.

Cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyans: chimaeras and elasmobranchs -sharks, skates and rays) hold a key phylogenetic position to explore the origin and diversifications of jawed vertebrates. Here, we report and integrate reference genomic, transcriptomic and morphological data in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula to shed light on the evolution of sensory organs. We first characterise general aspects of the catshark genome, confirming the high conservation of genome organisation across cartilaginous fishes, and investigate population genomic signatures.

Transportome remodeling of a symbiotic microalga inside a planktonic host.

Metabolic exchange is one of the foundations of symbiotic associations between organisms and is a driving force in evolution. In the ocean, photosymbiosis between heterotrophic hosts and microalgae is powered by photosynthesis and relies on the transfer of organic carbon to the host (e.g.

Haematopoietic gene therapy of non-conditioned patients with Fanconi anaemia-A: results from open-label phase 1/2 (FANCOLEN-1) and long-term clinical trials.

Background: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is the standard treatment for bone marrow failure (BMF) in patients with Fanconi anaemia, but transplantation-associated complications such as an increased incidence of subsequent cancer are frequent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the infusion of autologous gene-corrected haematopoietic stem cells as an alternative therapy for these patients.

Methods: This was an open-label, investigator-initiated phase 1/2 clinical trial (FANCOLEN-1) and long-term follow-up trial (up to 7 years post-treatment) in Spain.

Electron Transfer Dissociation of Alkali-Cationized Phosphatidylcholines Allows Easy Double Bonds and sn-1/sn-2 Localizations.

Rationale: The emergence of new mass spectrometry (MS) dissociation methods has highlighted lipid isomers as new biomarkers. Only a few commercial methods without derivatization are available to characterize phosphatidylcholines (PCs) at the isomeric level. We propose to use electron transfer dissociation (ETD) as a method to determine the position of both double bonds and stereo numbering (sn) on glycerol for PC species.

Phase Separation of FUS with Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated PARP1 Is Controlled by Polyamines, Divalent Metal Cations, and Poly(ADP-ribose) Structure.

Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is involved in the formation of nuclear biomolecular condensates associated with poly(ADP-ribose) [PAR] synthesis catalyzed by a DNA damage sensor such as PARP1. Here, we studied FUS microphase separation induced by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated PARP1 [PAR-PARP1] or its catalytic variants PARP1 and PARP1, respectively, synthesizing (short PAR)-PARP1 or (short hyperbranched PAR)-PARP1 using dynamic light scattering, fluorescence microscopy, turbidity assays, and atomic force microscopy. We observed that biologically relevant cations such as Mg, Ca, or Mn or polyamines (spermine or spermidine) were essential for the assembly of FUS with PAR-PARP1 and FUS with PAR-PARP1 in vitro.

Evolutionary genomics of the emergence of brown algae as key components of coastal ecosystems.

Brown seaweeds are keystone species of coastal ecosystems, often forming extensive underwater forests, and are under considerable threat from climate change. In this study, analysis of multiple genomes has provided insights across the entire evolutionary history of this lineage, from initial emergence, through later diversification of the brown algal orders, down to microevolutionary events at the genus level. Emergence of the brown algal lineage was associated with a marked gain of new orthologous gene families, enhanced protein domain rearrangement, increased horizontal gene transfer events, and the acquisition of novel signaling molecules and key metabolic pathways, the latter notably related to biosynthesis of the alginate-based extracellular matrix, and halogen and phlorotannin biosynthesis.

Wetting of a Dynamically Patterned Surface Is a Time-Dependent Matter.

In nature and many technological applications, aqueous solutions are in contact with patterned surfaces, which are dynamic over time scales spanning from ps to μs. For instance, in biology, exposed polar and apolar residues of biomolecules form a pattern, which fluctuates in time due to side chain and conformational motions. At metal/and oxide/water interfaces, the pattern is formed by surface topmost atoms, and fluctuations are due to, e.

Exploiting graph theory in MD simulations for extracting chemical and physical properties of materials.

Some of our recent developments and applications of algorithmic graph theory for extracting the physical and chemical properties of materials from molecular dynamics simulations are presented. From the chemical viewpoint, the power of graph theory is illustrated in the search for a catalyst's active sites at a silica solid surface. From the physical viewpoint, we present graph algorithms that recognize the structural motifs that exist at the silica/liquid water interface.

Isolated and Combined Effects of Moderate Normobaric Hypoxia and Sleep Restriction on Energy Intake and Food Reward.

Hypoxia (HY) and sleep deprivation have opposite effects on appetite. As HY may alter sleep, it may be informative to assess the accumulative effects of these two stressors on hunger, energy intake (EI), and food reward. Seventeen young, active, healthy males completed four 5-hr sessions in normoxia (NO) or normobaric HY (FIO2 = 13.

Collision of cesium atoms on helium nanodroplets: Unraveling mechanisms for surface capture at experimental velocities.

The collision of cesium atoms on the surface of helium nanodroplets (HNDs) containing 1000 atoms is described by the ZPAD-mPL approach, a zero-point averaged dynamics (ZPAD) method based on a He-He pseudopotential adjusted to better reproduce the total energy of He1000. Four types of collisional patterns were identified depending on the initial projectile speed v0 and impact parameter b. At the lowest speeds (v0 ≲ 250 m s-1), Cs atoms are softly captured by the HND surface, while at the highest ones (v0 ≳ 500-600 m s-1), Cs atoms can travel through the droplet and move away.

In Silico Structural Prediction for the Generation of Novel Performant Midi-Dystrophins Based on Intein-Mediated Dual AAV Approach.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a pediatric disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and premature death, and has no current cure. The current, most promising therapeutic avenue is based on gene replacement mediated by adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) using a shortened, but still functional, version of dystrophin, known as micro-dystrophin (µDys), to fit AAV capacity. The limited improvements observed in clinical trials suggest a sub-optimal performance of µDys in the human context that could be due to the lack of key domains in the protein.

Systematic analysis of tRNA transcription unit deletions in E. coli reveals insights into tRNA gene essentiality and cellular adaptation.

Transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) are essential for protein synthesis, decoding mRNA sequences into amino acids. In E. coli K-12 MG1655, 86 tRNA genes are organized in 43 transcription units (TUs) and the essentiality of individual tRNA TUs in bacterial physiology remains unclear.

Comparison and benchmark of deep learning methods for non-coding RNA classification.

The involvement of non-coding RNAs in biological processes and diseases has made the exploration of their functions crucial. Most non-coding RNAs have yet to be studied, creating the need for methods that can rapidly classify large sets of non-coding RNAs into functional groups, or classes. In recent years, the success of deep learning in various domains led to its application to non-coding RNA classification.

L-tryptophan and copper interactions linked to reduced colibactin genotoxicity in .

Unlabelled: Colibactin, a nonribosomal peptide/polyketide produced by , is a virulence factor and putative carcinogen that damages DNA by interstrand crosslinking (ICL). While the genes for colibactin biosynthesis have been identified, studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms regulating colibactin production and activity. Here we perform untargeted metabolomics of coli cultures to identify L-tryptophan as a candidate repressor of colibactin activity.

Correction of exon 2, exon 2-9 and exons 8-9 duplications in DMD patient myogenic cells by a single CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD), a yet-incurable X-linked recessive disorder that results in muscle wasting and loss of ambulation is due to mutations in the dystrophin gene. Exonic duplications of dystrophin gene are a common type of mutations found in DMD patients. In this study, we utilized a single guide RNA CRISPR strategy targeting intronic regions to delete the extra duplicated regions in patient myogenic cells carrying duplication of exon 2, exons 2-9, and exons 8-9 in the DMD gene.

An engineered AAV targeting integrin alpha V beta 6 presents improved myotropism across species.

Current adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy using nature-derived AAVs is limited by non-optimal tissue targeting. In the treatment of muscular diseases (MD), high doses are often required but can lead to severe adverse effects. Here, we rationally design an AAV capsid that specifically targets skeletal muscle to lower treatment doses.

Phase-Based Gait Prediction after Botulinum Toxin Treatment Using Deep Learning.

Gait disorders in neurological diseases are frequently associated with spasticity. Intramuscular injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A) can be used to treat spasticity. Providing optimal treatment with the highest possible benefit-risk ratio is a crucial consideration.